Waa maxay homozygote ee genetics? Gaar ahaan waxbarashada iyo tusaalooyin

In genetics, iyo sidoo kale sayniska kale oo kasta, waxaa jira eray-gaar ah, oo loogu talagalay si ay u sharxaan fikradaha muhiimka ah. Xitaa dugsiga, dad badan oo naga mid ah ka maqlay marka la eego sida xukuma, recessive hiddo, allele, homozygosity iyo heterozygosity, laakiin ma uusan si fiican u fahamto waxa gadaashooda ah. Ina keena aynu baaro si faahfaahsan waxa homozygote ah, sida ay u kala duwan ka heterozygotes iyo waxbarashada doorka ciyaara ee alleles ay.

Qaar ka mid ah guud genetics

Si aad ka jawaabto su'aasha, waxa homozygote ah, yeeran-aragnimo ah ee Gregor Mendel. By isgoyska kala duwan midabka iyo qaabka midho digir dhirta, wuxuu u yimid inuu ku soo gunaanaday in ka dhalanaya sida natiijada of isgoyska a warshad dhaxlay bartey hidde warbixin ka "awowayaashiis". In kasta oo fikradda ah "hiddo" weli ma jiraan, Mendel aysan awoodin in ay si guud u sharax hab ay dhaxalka. From Mendel in sharciyada bartamihii qarnigii sagaal iyo tobnaad-tusinayaan caddaynta soo socda, ka dib loo yaqaan "xiqiijiyay in Ehelkeedu of gametes": ". In formation of gametes waxa uu helo mid ka mid ah laba alleles ah hiddo-ka mas'uul ah sifo kaliya" Taasi waa, waalid walba waxaan leenahay oo keliya hal hiddo allelic mas'uul ka ah feature gaar ah - height, midabka timaha, midabka indhaha, sanka qaab, midab maqaarka.

hiddo-Allelic noqon kartaa xukuma ama recessive. Tani waxay keentaa noo dhow yahay inuu qeexidda waxa homozygote ah. alleles xukuma ay awoodaan in ay qarin recessive si ay si fiican ma u muuqdaa ma in phenotype ah. Haddii genotype ee labada hiddo-yihiin recessive ama xukuma, taas oo u shaqeeyo homozygous.

noocyada homozygotes

Laga soo bilaabo kor ku xusan waxaan ka jawaabi kartaa su'aasha ah, waa maxay homozygote ah: tani waa gacanta ah oo hiddo allelic mas'uul ka ah feature gaar ah waa isku mid. hiddo-Allelic yaal koromosoomyada homologous iyo in ay dhacdo homozygotes noqon karaa recessive (aa) ama xukuma (AA). Haddii mid ka mid allele waa xukuma iyo kuwa kale - maya, waa heterozygote ah (AA). In kiiska halkaas oo unugyada AA genotype, this homozygote recessive, haddii AA - xukuma, sida uu leeyahay alleles mas'uul ka ah sifo a xukuma.

Features isgoyska

Marka rimay laba homozygotes isku mid (recessive ama xukuma) ayaa sidoo kale la aasaasay homozygote.

Tusaale ahaan, waxaa jira laba ubax cad rhododendron la BB genotype. safarkoodii ka dib markii ay sidoo kale ka heli ubax cad oo la genotype isku.

Mid ka mid ah tixraacaan kartaa sida tusaale u ah midabka indhaha ka. Haddii indhaha brown, labada waalid oo iyagu waa homozygous for this sifo, ay AA genotype. Markaasaa ilmo dhammu wuxuu noqon doonaa indhaha brown.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, homozygotes gudbaya had iyo jeer ma keeni formation of homozygous dhulka mid ka mid ah jidhka. Tusaale ahaan, casaan hybridization (DD) iyo (bb) cad carnations waxay keeni kartaa in formation of ubax casaan khafiif ah ama guduudan oo caddaan. dhir caraf ah Pink, sida labada-midab, - tusaale u ah xukunkiisa aan dhamaystirnayn. In labada kiisaska, dhirta taasoo keentay noqon doonaa genotype heterozygous DD.

tusaalooyin homozygotes

Tusaalooyinka homozygotes ee dabiiciga ah wax badan oo ilaa xad ah. tulips White, carnations, rhododendrons - kuwan oo dhan waxaa ku qoran tusaalooyinka homozygotes recessive.

In aadanaha, dhexgalka ee hiddo allelic, sidoo kale, waxaa inta badan la aasaasay homozygous on sifooyinka qaar ka mid ah u shaqeeyo, hadduu yahay maqaarka aad bay u qurxoonayd, indhaha buluuga ah, timaha degay, ama indho midabka.

homozygotes xukuma sidoo kale caadi ah, si kastaba ha ahaatee, ay sabab u tahay awoodda sifooyin badan qarin recessive aan si dhakhso ah u sheegi kara haddii qofka uu yahay side of allele a recessive. Inta badan hiddo mas'uulka ka ah cudurada hidde sababa Isbedelo hiddo waa recessive iyo, sidaas daraaddeed muuqdaan oo kaliya in ay dhacdo in on koromosoomyada homologous ma ahayn mid caadi ah, allele ku xukuma.