Vinson - Jacaylku soo diyaariyeen. Description, sawiro

Daboolay baraf weligeed ah, iyo at jaleecada hore this dhex milmin, qaaradda lixaad ee caalamka la ogaaday dambayn. In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in Dzheyms Kuk ugu horeysay in ay ka gudbaan Circle Antarctic ee January 1773, Jacaylku aan weli la si buuxda u sahamiyey.

Halkan, sida in qaaradda kasta oo kale, waxa uu leeyahay "oases" u gaar ah oo la Dhirta, badda iyo xataa Massif Vinson ah (isku duwaha 78,5833 ° loolka koonfureed, 85,4167 ° W dhigaha).

History of Jacaylku

Sida qaaradda madax banaan, waxaa la furay sanadkii 1820 by Faddeem Bellinsgauzenom, ka hor labada sahamiyayaal kale kala horjeeda - Nathaniel Palmer muddo 10 bilood ah, iyo Edward Bransfield 3 maalmood.

Bellingshausen iyo saaxiibkii Mihailom Lazarevym ma aysan gaarin Jacaylku kaliya 32 km. qofka ugu horeeya si ay u cag on dalkan, ayaa sheegay in Dzhon Deyvis, kuwaas oo yimid qaaradda sano 07.02.1821. The duulaan cilmi ugu horeysay waxaa soo abaabulay ee Navy Maraykanka ee 1839. Iyada oo ku saleysan natiijooyinka ay, waxa lagu dhawaaqay in la furay galbeed ee Jacaylku Balleny Islands, iyo dhulka ka heleen xubnaha, ayaa markii dambe waxaa la odhan jiray oo lagu sharfayo hogaamiyaha duulaan Wilkes Land. The sahamisa ee soo socota kala horjeeda James Clark Ross ee 1841 waxaa jasiiradda la odhan jiray ka dib markii la furay.

dareenka More in Jacaylku iyo waxbarasho la siiyey in qarnigii 20-aad. Waxaa laga bilaabo qarnigii la qabsashadii of Roald South reer Poland Amundsen ee 1911. In 1912 waxaa la raacay by Robert Scott, kuwaas oo duulaan waxaa gebi ahaanba laga badiyay oo ay jidka ku soo celin Land Big ah.

In 1928, diyaarad ugu horeeyay ee pilot Jacaylku Hubert Wilkins ayaa la dhigay, oo waxaa loo tixgeliyaa inay feat xad ah, ka fiirsaneysa inay heerka horumarka ee Duulista waqtiga. record Alien ma siin nasashaad u aviators badan, laakiin kaliya u suurtagashay in ay Richard E. Byrd sanadka soo socda, si ay u duuli badan South reer Poland.

In ka sano guudahaan a duulaan-buuxa la aasaasay oo qabtay mar kale, Americans ka 1945 si ay u 1957, iyadoo ay sabab u ah warshad-dejinta ugu weyn McMurdo waxaa la aasaasay. sahamiyayaal horjeeda Soviet aasaasay dejinta ugu horeysay ee nabadda ee 1956 iyadoo la kaashanayo ku shaqaalaha of labo markab - "umuliya" iyo "Lena". Tartiib tartiib, si saynisyahano dalal kala duwan, oo ku nool iyo ka shaqeeya xaaladaha adag ee jirkiisa, mahad oo awooday in la furo qufulka on map cusub ee gacanka, jasiiradaha iyo barriga shaadirrada qabow. Tusaale ahaan, buuraha reer Jacaylku in bartamihii qarnigii 20aad la wareegay kaliya ee aragtida. Caddeynta of jiritaankooda ayaa lagu soo bandhigay in 1958, markii ay heleen duuliyaha, isagoo diyaarad qaaradda.

Kuwaasu waa qoomkanagii geesi ka dhigay sharaxaad buuxda oo ka mid ah Antarctic, taas oo qayb ka mid ah buugaagta juqraafiga iyo shuqullo sayniska ee sahamiyayaal casriga noqday.

Maqaallo Jacaylku

qaarada wuxuu daboolaa aag of 13975 thous. Km ^2, kuwaas oo armaajo oo baraf. Ma jiraan wax sharciga deganaanshaha rasmiga ah, ma aha oo kaliya, sababtoo ah cimilada adag ku habboon yahay keliya pingvin, laakiin sidoo kale sabab u tahay xaqiiqada ah in ay tahay qaarada oo kaliya in uusan ka tirsan tahay dal kasta, iyo gobolkii-aadmiga oo dhan.

Sida laga soo xigtay heshiiska, la saxiixay 1961, dalalka keentay, oo dhan meel bannaan oo dunida ku yaalla koonfurta of 60 ° S. w., waa lacag la'aan ah ka gelinayn hub kasta oo ku haboon oo keliya cilmi sayniska. Inkastoo Jacaylku waa hodan ku ah macdanta, iyaga qodistani waa ka mamnuuc.

Tani waa qaarada ugu sareeya caalamka, celcelis ahaan ay soo baxdo in 2040 m kor ku heerka badda, iyo barta ugu sarraysa - Vinson (isugu soo Ellsworth Mountains) gaadho 4892 mitir.

Halkaa marka ay marayso, 99% qaadan barafka, iyo keliya qayb yar oo ka mid ah aagga iska leh "Oasis", taas oo u koraan Muuse, ferns, lichens iyo fangaska. Halkan ku nool pingvin iyo shaabadood.

Qofna waa in ay u adkeysan jiilaalka qabow -89 digrii (in qaybta bari ee qaarada degaanka ee saldhigga Ruush "Vostok") awoodaan. Celceliska heerkulka in bilaha jiilaalka, inta kale oo ka mid ah qeybaha -70 digrii, iyo xagaaga - ka -30 si -50. On xeebta, ku dhowaad a "miciinka" sida ee xilliga qaboobaha heerkulka halkan u dhaxeysa -8 si -35 digrii, halka xagaagii - 0 ilaa 5. Description of Jacaylku wata dabaylo ay duufaan-force oo dhaxan waa meel aad u dhulweynaha inhospitable u safraya.

buurta ugu weyn dunida, Mount Everest iyo Aconcagua

meeraha Mountain - ma aha oo kaliya ay weynaantaada iyo quruxdiisa, laakiin sidoo kale taariikhda formation of qaaradood. On dhulka, 6 iyo 7 ee qaaradood ka danbow ugu weyn in ay ahaayeen guulaystay, mid kasta in ay waqti, daredevils kuwaas oo sii dhiirranaaday dhiiri dadka in ay ku soo celiyaan ay feat.

Waa buurta ugu sareeya ee adduunka - Mount Everest (Asia), oo gaartay heer ka sarreeya bad ilaa 8.848 m Its furasho -. Waxa sida tijaabo ah ugu qalabaysan yihiin, waayo, climbers ah. Bilowga ah ma ka adkaanno, halkan climbers halis xitaa la kulmay dhimashada, sidaas buurta waa u adag isla markaana dhowaan karin.

About 50 jeer duulaan ka dal oo kala duwan isku dayeen in ay kor sare ee halis ah, laakiin waxa u suurtagashay in ay May 29, 1953 New Zealand Edmund Hillary. Ka dib markii uu ka guulaystay Everest dhinacyada kala duwan ay, nin ma aha oo kaliya, laakiin sidoo kale haweenka, kuwii hore ka mid ah taas oo ahayd fuule Japan ee 1976

Aconcagua - volcano ugu sareeya bakhtiyeen ee adduunka ku yaalla South America. height of this "Dhismaha" Argentine waa 6962 mitir. Gore ayaa dhexdeenna ka ah ee la xidhiidha isku dhac laba tumeen tectonic - ka Nazca iyo South American. Mid ka mid ah qiyaasi kartaa oo keliya waxa masiibooyinka la socda geedi socodka wayn sida malaayiin sano ka hor. peak Tani waa ku haboon yahay bilowga tababarka, tan iyo markii aan loo arko adag ka barta of view of buuraha ku. Waxaa ka guulaystay xataa carruurta.

Mount McKinley

Toddoba shirwaynayaasha dunida - taasi waa buuraha ugu weyn tahay kuwa ugu sarreeya on mid ka mid ah qaaradood ee caalamka. McKinley -. Dhibcood ee ugu sareeya ee Alaska, anigoo goor dhulka kor ku xusan ee 6194 m Ugu hal mar waxay ahayd meesha ugu sarreysa ugu sareeya ee Empire Ruushka, kaas oo la odhan jiray badnayn - Big Mountain. Ka dib markii sale ee dhulka America, waa ugu weyn ee North America.

Laga soo bilaabo 1917 in 2015, buurta la odhan jiray mid ka mid ah Madaxweynayaasha Maraykanka - McKinley, laakiin waxaa ku soo laabtay ay magaca asalka Denali, taas oo loogu tala galay sare ee Great ka af Athabasca (qabiilka Indian) turjumay. Waxaa markii hore ka guulaystay in 1906 Frederikom Kukom, kuwaas oo lagu eedeeyay in ugu dhakhsaha badan been ah fuulid this. Ilaa iyo hadda, maalinta climbers ku doodaya in uu jiro sida fuulitaanka dheer-taagan ah.

Kilimanjaro

The buurta caanka Afrika ayaa waxaa sidoo kale ka mid ahaa in category ah "Todobo shirwaynayaasha dunida." Waxay ku taallaa ee Tansaaniya, iyadu waa on dhan impresses safarka ah. Eeg cap baraf ay dhexe ee Utah kulul u noqon cajiib ah loo isticmaalo, laakiin maanta saynisyahano badan ayaa qaylodhaan, maxaa yeelay barafka da'da jir ah waxaa si tartiib ah ku milmeen sabab u ah cimilada beddelo.

Mount Kilimanjaro, qurxinta danbow baraf ay hore deegaanka ku xeeran, maanta ayaa laga badiyay cover baraf ay 80%. Waayo, markii ugu horeysay ee 5895 mitir ka sarreysaa oogada badda, ayaa ka guulaystay by Hans Meyer ee 1889 fog. Wixii bilow ah, qalabaysan qalab casri ah fuulitaanka, top this ma aha adag tahay, in kasta oo fuulid sida caadiga ah waxay qaadataa muddo dheer, sababtoo ah dhibaato muqata.

Elbrus

buurta Tani waa yaqaanaan xataa kuwa waxba u qaban la buuraha leeyihiin. Waa meesha ugu sarreysa ugu sareeya ee Europe. Waxay ku taalaa on xadka u dhexeeya Kabardino-Balkaria iyo Karachay-Cherkessia. nidaamka buurtan ku Caucasian Main ee Ridge. Waayo, markii ugu horeysay ee ay height of 5642 m guuleystay duulaan Ruushka sayniska ee 1829. Waxaa ka mid ah jirka ah, xayawaan, a botanist, sahamisa oo artist, oo aan kaliya ka dhigay jiirtii, laakiin sidoo kale sketched iyo bartay qaab-dhismeedka ka mid ah daaqsinka iyo buuraha.

Maanta waxaa ay si fiican u horumariyo kaabayaasha dalxiis la xeryaha qabsashada aasaasiga ah, oo buurta laftiisa waa meel Xajka ma climbers oo keliya, laakiin sidoo kale climbers hiwaayadda kuwaas oo aan ka guulaystay xitaa hal vertex ah.

guulaysannaa sokow sareeya Elbrus jiidata orda, kaasoo jidadka dhibaato kala duwan oo tartamada oo slalom qabtay halkan sannad kasta. kaabayaasha A wanaagsan loo soo abaabulay oo joojisey saldhig dalxiis u furan halkan heer la mid ah la jiga ski Yurub.

Puncak Jaya

Australia waxay kaloo leedahay kala duwan buur, taas oo meesha ugu sarreysa waa sarreysey Puncak Jaya (4884 m). Mount Jaya caan ku ah in uu yahay ka ugu sareeya ee jasiiradda ku yaalla. Culimada qaarkood ayaa ku doodaya in meesha ugu weyn ee Oceania ayaa height a of 5030 m.

Waayo, buurta dunida ahaa mid u furan Holland Jan Carstens ee 1623. cilmibaadhe Tani waxaa lagu jees jeesay by bulshada sayniska isagoo sheegtay in uu arkay sitoos ah kulaale in dhulbaraha. Later buurta la siiyey magaceeda, kaas oo socday ilaa 1965.

Inkastoo ay dhacday muddo dheer ka hor, markii ugu horeysay waxa uu ka guulaystay ee climbers Austria 1962. Ku soo laabtay by ay magaca asalka ah ee turjumaad ka af Indonesian u muuqataa sidii Pobeda Fiinta.

Vinson Massif

Buuraha reer Jacaylku - cover a joogto ah oo baraf ah. Waxaa laga yaabaa in uu yahay, waxay sababta aan sidaa u dheer in la ogaado, laakiin aragti ahaan oo kaliya xisaabiyaa in ay yihiin qaaradda tani waxay noqon kartaa. baraf, taasina waa caqabadda ugu wayn ee laga fuulo iyaga.

Waxa ay hal dhibic ka sareeya waa Vinson - dhererka soo diyaariyeen waa 21 km oo 13 km in width. Waxay qaadataa geesinimo dhab ah iyo xirfad inay qabsadaan, taas sare u adag. cabbirka ugu horeysay la sameeyay Jacaylku kulul qaldan (5140 m). Abuur qiimaha lagu kalsoonaan karo ayaa la helay oo kaliya 1980, markii si Vinson (soo diyaariyeen) uguma climbers Soviet oo lagu rakibay waxaa calanka. Natiijada cabbirka ahaa 4892 mitir.

icebergs Conquest

Haddii aynu eegno safi Vinson on map-ka, waxaad ka arki kartaa in ka South reer Poland waxaa la kala km oo kaliya 1200. Kuwa ayaa on top waxaa ka mid ah, waxay sheegeen in ay bixisaa aragti breathtakingly quruxda badan ee barafka, ciinwaanka qorraxda dhalaalaya.

Waa ma aha oo kaliya sitoos ah ee ugu weyn dunida, laakiin sidoo kale ugu adag tahay in ay ka adkaan buurta. Vinson Massif lix bilood Hawiyaha ee habeenkii kala horjeeda, si ku haboon yahay qabsashadii of "xagaaga" muddo ka November in January, marka heerkulka ka soo baxdo ilaa 30 digrii ka hooseeya eber. Samada Summer ka badan top gebi ahaanba cloudless iyo qorraxda wuxuu u iftiimaa saacad kasta.

Inkastoo kululaaneysa yar hawada, fuulitaanka waxaa inta badan caqabad ku dabaylo xoog badan iyo baraf ka qorraxda kulul dhalaalay.

Jacaylku maanta

Maanta waxaa jira 37 ee saldhigyada sayniska Antarctic dalal kala duwan. Seynisyahanno waxbarashada xaaladaha barafka, isbeddel ah ee Halabuurka kiimikada iyo heerka of barafku. Bayoolajiga iyo xayawaanka bartay noocyada awood u badbaaday in xaaladaha adag ee jirkiisa.

Waxa intaa dheer in guutadii wax cilmi ah, safri hay'adaha in uu abaabulo tours daredevils ba'an oo kedis ah ugu Vinson. soo diyaariyeen ayaa noqotay arrin wadada caanka ah oo waa caan ah oo leh climbers.