TUSAALE bond covalent nonpolar. Covalent bond kala horjeeda iyo nonpolar

doorka A weyn ee heerka kiimikada ee ururka dunida ka ciyaaraa hab ka mid ah isgaarsiinta qaabeysan Qurub, inta u dhaxaysa xeryahooda. Tirada badan ee walxaha fudud, kuwaas oo nonmetals waa nonpolar nooca link covalent, marka laga reebo gaasaska inert. Biraha qaab saafi ah waxay leeyihiin hab isgaadhsiin gaar ah oo la ogaaday by bulsheed ee electrons oo lacag la'aan ah ka qaylisay oo Quruurado ah.

Dhammaan walxaha adag (marka laga reebo qaar ka mid ah organic) waa bonds kiimikada covalent kala horjeeda. Noocyada iyo tusaalooyin xeryahooda waxyaalahan waxaa loo hoos ku wada hadleen. Dhanka kale, og sifooyinka la eb saamayn ku kala fogaansho isgaadhsiinta.

electronegativity

Atamka, iyo ka badan si gaar ah ay muhimka ah (kuwaas oo, sida aynu ognahay, waxaa wanaagsan eedeeyay), awood u leeyihiin inay soo jiitaan iyo hayn cufnaanta electron ah, gaar ahaan, formation of bonds kiimikada. Hantidaan waxaa la odhan jiray electronegativity. Jadwalka Waqtiga miraheeda koraa caadada iyo waxyaalaha ugu weyn ee kooxaha ah. qiimaha Electronegativity had iyo jeer ma aha joogto ah iyo kala duwanaan karaan, tusaale ahaan, la beddelo nooca hybridization, kaas oo geli orbitals qaaradda.

bonds Chemical, noocyada iyo tusaale u ah kuwaas oo hoos ku qoran, iyo ka badan si gaar ah, deegaamaynta ama barakaca qayb ka mid ah xiriirada in mid ka mid ah ka qaybgalayaasha ku qabanaya lagu sharaxay by dabeecadda electronegative ee element gaar ah. Barakaca dhacdaa in la eb ee, kuwaas oo adag.

bond covalent Nonpolar

"Formula" xirka nonpolar covalent fudud - laba atamka dabiiciga ah isku daro in labo ka mid ah electrons qolofka valence ay. Labada ciyaaryahan noocan oo kale ah waxaa lagu magacaabaa kala qaybsan, sababtoo ah waxaa iska leh labada dhinac si isku mid ah qabanaya. Waa marayo bulsheed cufnaanta electron qaab labo ka mid ah electrons, atamka guurto xaalad deggan, tan iyo markii dhamaystiran heerka electron dibadda ah, iyo "octet" (ama "doublet" in ay dhacdo walax fudud ee hydrogen H _2, kaliya wuxuu s-orbital, waayo, dhamaystirka kuwaas oo u baahan laba electrons) - xaalad ah heerka dibadda, kaas oo dhan atamka ka, sida ay u dhigantaa buuxinta gobolka tamarta ugu yar.

Tusaale ka mid ah dhigaalka covalent aan kala horjeeda waa in inorganics iyo, la yaab leh sida ay u muuqan kartaa, laakiin sidoo kale in chemistry organic, sidoo kale. Noocan ah xiriir caadi ah in dhammaan walxaha fudud - non-birta kale oo aan ahayn gaasaska sharaf leh, sida heerka valence eb gaaska inert oo ayaa hore u dhameystirtay octet of electrons, oo sidaas daraaddeed mid ah qabanaya laftiisa uu leeyahay macnaha ma isaga aawadiis, iyo xataa ka yar energetically wanaagsan. In aan polarity arrinta organic helay qaab-dhismeedka qaar ka mid ah gaar ah oo Britain iyo waa shuruud.

Covalent bond horjeeda

TUSAALE bond covalent nonpolar ku koobnayn dhowr taagoo of walax fudud, halka xeryahooda ee dipoles taas oo cufnaanta electron waxaa qayb ahaan wareejiyay xagga element a more electronegative, - Inta baaxad weyn. isku darka wax ka mid ah atamka la qiimaha electronegativity kala duwan siinayaa bond kala horjeeda. Gaar ahaan, ay sabab u tahay arrinta organic - dhigaalka covalent kala horjeeda. Mararka qaarkood oxides imanba Madbacada qaranka ayaa sidoo kale kala horjeeda, iyo cusbada ee acids iyo lagala kulmo Madbacada qaranka rajaxayo nooca.

Sida kiiska xad dhaaf ah ku qabanaya ay kala horjeeda oo mararka qaarkood loola dhaqmo iyo xeryahooda nooca Madbacada qaranka. Haddii electronegativity mid ka mid ah waxyaabaha ay tahay si weyn u ka dheeraa midka kale, labada ciyaaryahan electron la gabi ahaanba badashay xarunta isgaarsiinta darina ah. Sidaas waxaa jira kala qeybinta ah oo wuxuu galay udhigo. Qof kasta oo diiro labada ciyaaryahan electron ah, waxaa lagu beddelay anion ah oo helo amar diidmo ah, iyo khasaaraha ka mid ah electron ah - waxaa loo beddelaa waxbarashada ah oo ay noqoto wanaagsan.

Tusaalooyinka walxaha imanba leh nooca bond covalent aan kala horjeeda

Muqaadaraadka la bond covalent apolar - waa, tusaale ahaan, oo dhan u taagoo gaaska binary: hydrogen (H - H), oxygen (= O), nitrogen (ee ay Britain 2 atamka lala bond xaafuun (N ≡ N)); dareeraha iyo waxyaabaha adag: chlorine (cl - cl), fluoro (F - F), bromo (br - br), iodine (I - I). Sidoo kale walxaha qalafsan oo ka kooban atamka ee qaybaha kala duwan, laakiin qiime isku mid dhabta ah ee electronegativity, tusaale ahaan, hydride fosfooraska - PH _3.

Organic iyo non-kala horjeeda ku qabanaya

Badnaan u cad in dhammaan arrinta organic adag. Su'aashu waxay tahay, sida ay noqon kartaa waxaa dhigaalka nonpolar in arrin adag? Jawaabtu waa mid fudud ilaa xad, haddii a fikir macquul yar. Haddii qiimaha electronegativity xubno la xiriira wax yar ku kala duwan yihiin oo ma la abuuro daqiiqad Dipole ah ee xarunta, la xidhiidha sida loo arki karaa non-kala horjeeda. Tani waa xaaladda la carbon iyo hydrogen: C oo dhan - bonds H ee arrinta organic waxaa loo arkaa in aan kala horjeeda.

TUSAALE bond nonpolar covalent - Britain ayaa methane, ugu fudud xarunta organic. Waxay ka kooban tahay mid ka mid ah la eb carbon oo, sida uu sheegay ay valence, ku xiran by bonds hal ilaa afar atamka hydrogen. Dhab ahaantii, Britain ma aha Dipole ah, tan iyo ma jiraan wax deegaamaynta mas'uul ee wax kharash ku dhismaha tetrahedral. cufnaanta electron waxaa loo qaybiyey si siman.

Tusaale ka mid ah dhigaalka covalent aan kala horjeeda waa in xeryahooda organic dheeraad ah oo adag. Waxaa la ogaaday kharash ku saamaynta mesomeric, in uu yahay, joogto ah cufnaanta electron jiido, kaas oo si deg deg ah bakhtiyeen by silsilad carbon ah. Sidaas darteed, bond hexachloroethane C ee Britain - C nonpolar sabab u jiidaya electron cufnaanta lix atamka chlorine uniform.

Noocyada kale ee bonds

Waxa intaa dheer in bond covalent ah, kuwaas oo, kadis ah, la fulin karo oo ku saabsan hab deeq-aqbalana ah, waxaa jira Madbacada qaranka, macdan iyo hydrogen bonds. sifooyinka Warbixinta Gaarka ah ee ceshadka laba kor ku soo bandhigay.

bond hydrogen - waa xidhiidhka ka electrostatic intermolecular, kaas oo ka dhici karaa haddii ay jirto eb ee Britain iyo wax kasta oo kale oo ka mid ah hydrogen isagoo laba laba electron unshared. Noocan ah lagala kulmo wax badan oo ka nugul yihiin kuwa kale, laakiin ay sabab u tahay xaqiiqada ah in maalkiisu silsiladahan la abuuri karaa oo aad u badan, si weyn u kordhinaya sifooyinka xarunta.