Transducers Signal: nooc, mabaadi'da hawlgalka iyo ujeedada

In warshadaha iyo in guriga uu ku faafo isticmaalka noocyada kala duwan ee converters signal. qalabka loo soo bandhigi karo in tiro balaadhan oo ah beddelka loogu talo galay xalinta dhibaatooyinka qaybaha kala duwan ee dhaqaalaha. Waa maxay noocyada kala duwan ee converters signal loo saarin karaa in ay ugu badan? In waxa laga yaabaa in dabeecadaha ay hawlgalka?

Waa maxay ujeedada converters signalka?

converters signal - qalab in la joogo in tiro balaadhan oo ah xal dhab noqon kartaa. Ereygani waxa uu ku ool ah si wadajir ah waxaana laga yaabaa in la xidhiidhaan qalabka loo isticmaalo ee qaybaha kala duwan ee dhaqaalaha iyo kala saaraa shuruudaha gebi ahaanba kala duwan. Noocyada ugu muhiimsan ee signallo in beddesho kartaa qalab ee su'aasha:

- xooggiisa;

- dhawaaqa;

- heerkulka,

- nooca farsamada.

Iyada oo ku xidhan hawlaha ay wajahayaan user ee Converter signal ee qaab-dhismeedka ka mid ah qalabka kala laga yaabaa in la isku daro modules, processing dhawr nooc xog kala duwan. Isbadal ayaa laga yaabaa in sidaas la fulin gudahood nooca hal signal (tus, oo ka mid ah inta jeer in kale) ama in aad farsamo oo tilmaamayo turjumaad u dhexeeya qaybaha kala duwan ee calaamadaha. Tusaale ahaan, in codka korontada.

The devaysa ugu badan ee la xidhiidha Converter calaamadaha analog si digital (iyo qeybsanaan haddii la bixiyo ee modules dhismeedka qalab gudaha). Fiiriya qaababka ee uu shaqada.

Analog-to-digital Converter

Qalabka wuxuu su'aasha, loogu talagalay in lagu badalo signal analog kasta - tus, wakiil voltages, qaab digital (jidaynayey, tusaale ahaan, si ay u qoraan signal a dhiganta file a).

Mid ka mid ah shuruudaha ugu muhiimsan ee waxtarka nidaamka warbixinta - saarka xogta yara. Its qiimaha go'aamiso heerka signalka in ratio buuq.

Halbeegga kale oo muhiim sifeeyay tayada qalabka sida Converter analog - signal saarka heerka formation. Ka mid ah kuwa qalabka in ay bixiyaan si mug leh ay qaab - kuwa la xiriira nooca isku midka ah. Oo waxay u sameeyeen formation of durdurrada signal badan oo la isticmaalayo tiro lagama maarmaanka ah ee qasabadaha. Tani feature shaqaynta ka mid ah qalabka, in kiisas badan oo ay go'aamiso in la sii daayo oo ka mid ah transducers ku habboon, lagu gartaa cabbir ballaaran. Intaa waxaa dheer, converters signal analog yeelan karaan heer awood ku filan sare. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, la siiyey waxtarka qalabka waxaa inta badan lagu calaamadeeyay leh astaamaha aan la daaweyn sida unu.

Diinta ka calaamadaha analog qalabka barbar digital waxaa loo sameeyaa si dhakhso ah. Si loo siiyo xawaare sare oo ka mid ah aaladaha noocan baahisey shaqayn kartaa by xira qalabka kala duwan, si ay u qaban karto qulqulka of calaamadaha markeeda.

xalal kale waxaa laga yaabaa in converters isku midka ah calaamadaha nooca serial. Waxay u muuqdaan in ay noqon wax soo saar leh ka yar, laakiin tamar ku ool ah. Isticmaalkooda waxaa laga yaabaa in ay sabab xaaladaha halkaas oo ay jiraan su'aalo ku saabsan bixinta calaamadaha warbaahinta kaabayaasha awoodda yar gudahood, ama haddii ay dhacdo in heerka diinta ka weyn yahay kii kaas oo ay bixiyaan qalabka isku xigta, ayaa loo baahan yahay.

Waa in la ogaadaa waxa laga yaabaa in ay jirto a qalab nooca isku dhafan in la isku wado hawlaha taxane iyo converters isku midka ah. Marar badan, ay yihiin xal fiicnayn in la eego oo la raacayo shuruudaha ka mid ah faa'iidada iyo wax soo saarka.

Kor waxaannu xusay in converters analog-to-digital ka mid noqon kara modules, kaas oo diinta ee signalada digital galay analog. Sidoo kale waxaa jira category gooni ah nooca habboon ee qalabka. Waxaan ku baran doonaa sifooyinka ay.

Digital in Analog converters

Xaaladdan oo user waa la heli karaa, tusaale ahaan, waayo signal ah television analog, ay hawlgal ay noqon doontaa suurto gal in ay ku xidhmaan antenna ka soo jeedaan. Ama maado inay u beddesho signal asalka galay analog, taas oo TV ka garan karaan. Waxa ay il laga yaabaa, markeeda, anteeno digital. Ama, haddii kale, signal ka helay internetka.

Qalabka wuxuu su'aasha, sidaas, kuweeda signal ay ku jiraan code digital galay hadda, danab ama mas'uul ah in loo kala qaado, si ay modules processing analog. farsamooyin gaar ah oo ah isbadal this ku xiran tahay nooca xogta aqbasho. Tusaale ahaan, marka ay timaado inay ka dhawaajiyaan, ka dibna inta badan waa la gelin la soo bandhigay PCM. Haddii file isha la cadaadiyo, ka codecs software gaar ah loo isticmaali karaa diinta signal. Taa baddalkeeda, anteeno digital caadi ahaan gudbiya ah hababka hardware processing signal.

Qalabka oo ay ka mid converters viewed dhammaystiri karaan modules ujeedooyin kala duwan. Tusaale ahaan, iyada oo la hubinayo taranka ee baahinta telefishanka kordhiyo video waxaa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu daro kuwa modules in ay yihiin faa'iideysan Converter. Marar badan waxaa lagama maarmaan ah si ay u bixiyaan images oo tayo sare leh ee signal analog galay Isbadal a digital. Sidoo kale, kordhiyo video ah waxaa loo isticmaalaa marka aad rabto in aad sawiro si ay meel fog ka badan wareejiyo.

TV - ma aha meesha kaliya ee isticmaalka firfircoon ee ay hindiseen in su'aasha. converters ku haboon waxaa ka mid ah, tusaale ahaan, ka mid ah ciyaartoyda drive CD-ROM ee, kaas oo sidoo kale u beddesho signalka digital in analog.

transducers ultrasonic

category Next caadiga ah ee aaladaha - transducer ultrasound. Waa in la ogaadaa waxa laga yaabaa in lagu matali kara qalabka isagoo tiro balaadhan oo ah codsiyada, iyo sidoo kale mabaadi'da hawlgalka. Waxaa ka mid ah noocyo badan ee transducers ultrasonic - unit biyaha, taas oo loogu talagalay in lagu baahin biyo ama dhexdhexaad kale dareere ah ultrasound at inta jeer gaar ah. qalab Tani waxaa loo isticmaali karaa, tusaale ahaan, si ay u hirgeliyaan walxaha nadiifinta kala duwan ka faddarayn - galay oo bad oo sideeda oo loo isticmaalo si ay nadiifinta ultrasonic.

Waxaa sidoo kale jira Qaybaha kale ee codsiyada ka mid ah qalabka ku xusan. transducer The ultrasonic waxaa loo isticmaali karaa si ay ula socdaan daacadnimada dhismayaasha qaarkood, xidhiidhada, hubi kuwa ama walxaha kale ee burburka.

Toosan & converters Mase

Tixgelinaysa dhegyadii ee codsiga of converters waxtar leh u noqon doonaa in ay bixiyaan si ay u kala soocidda at kaas oo ay ku kala qaybsanyihiin toosan iyo garaaca wadnaha dareenka. Dhab ahaantii, shuruudaha ka tarjumayaan labada mabaadi'da asaasiga ah ee shaqaynaya ee transducers ah.

Kuwii ka tirsan line ah, shaqeyn karaan on mabda'a of design circuit analog, taas oo ah calaamadaha la gediyay loo sameeyay xawaaraha siman. Mase Converter u baahan matalaad weyn signal ee wax soo saarka, iyo markii processing gudaha. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, haddii hawlgalka this waxaa la sameeyaa oo keliya tallaabo processing signal gudaha, qalab ku haboon sameysmi karaa shiidaa qaab la mid ah sida ay dhacdo in meesha transducer ku toosan firfircoonaan. Sayidka, toosan dheer ama daaweynta wadnaha waa la tixgelin karaa oo kaliya ee macnaha guud ee mabda'a hawlgalka oo ka mid ah qaybaha hardware muhiimka ah nooca devaysa habboon.

Converters Mase waxaa looga faa'iideysan inta badan ee kiisaska processing-awood sare signal la wareegay oo qayb ka ah kaabayaasha loo isticmaalo. Tan waxa u sabab xaqiiqada ah in tayada oo ka mid ah aaladaha kala xaaladaha sida waa ka sii badan marka la isticmaalo si ay u hoos processing signal awood. Arrin kale oo doorashada go'aamo xog - naayo of transformer ama capacitor qalabka kaabayaasha loo isticmaalo, taas oo converters garaaca wadnaha leeyihiin waafaqsan fiicnayn.

Taa baddalkeeda, transducer ku toosan - qalab loo isticmaalo qayb ka mid ah kaabayaasha, taas oo processing signal low-xoogga. Ama haddii ay jirto baahi ah in la yareeyo qaylada ahaan sabab u ah hawlgalka Converter ah. Waa in la ogaadaa in oolnimada of xal hoostiisa tixgelin ee kaabayaasha a awood weyn - aan ugu fiican, si qalabka inta badan dhaadheer xaddi badan oo kulaylka badan converters wadnaha. Intaa waxaa dheer, in miisaankooda iyo dhinacyada kale oo jira si weyn sare.

Laakiin, si kasta, ku dhaqanka, hawlgalada transducer u sarreeyey mabda'a dardarta lagu noqon karaa formation of function kala iibsiga ay fashion toosan. Sidaa darteed, ka hor inta fulinta converters signal baahisey in kaabayaasha, waa in ay qaab-dhismeedka gudaha loo isticmaalo circuit processing signalka.

Cabirka converters

category kale oo caadiga ah ee xal - laliska. Waa maxay astaamaha ay? Gudbiye - qalab in sidoo kale loo soo bandhigi karo in tiro badan oo kala duwan. Waxay isku daraa taam maraqa xogta sida aragti, iyo in ay isbeddel ah ee tiro kala duwan.

caadi A waxa loo arki karaa shaqeeya circuit dhiganta qalabka qiyaaseed nooc, taas oo signal la farsameeyo in dhowr marxaladood. Converter First u aqbalay, ka dibna loo beddelaa qiimaha oo la qiyaasi karin, by, ka dib markii - ekaysiiyaa qaar ka mid ah tamarta waxtar leh. Tusaale ahaan, haddii Converter cabbirka analog ah, loo badalo waa la fuliyay tamarta korontada galay tamarta si farsamaysan.

Dabcan, qabanqaabooyinka gaar ah oo codsanaya xal ku haboon loo soo bandhigi karaa spectrum aad u ballaadhan. Soor ee isticmaalka qiyaaso transformations ujeedooyin cilmi ah oo qayb ka ah kaabayaasha for tijaabo iyo cilmi-baarista. Waxaa mideeya ugu laliska ay ku haboonaanta waa horrayn uga welwelsan yahay adeegsiga astaamaha caadiga ah inta lagu guda jiro processing ama ekaysiinaya signal. Waa in la ogaadaa laga yaabaa in sifooyinka, kuwaas oo aan had iyo jeer la isticmaali karaa gudbiye dhamaadka-user ah. Ay ku lug ah, in kiisas badan oo la fuliyay hab qarsoodi. Qofka isticmaalaya converters signal kala, helo signal a doonay, ku habboon in loo isticmaalo ujeedooyin kala duwan ee wax soo saarka.

Sidaas darteed, xal, kuwaas oo guud ahaan aan doonaynin in la isticmaalaa sida u taagan oo keliya noocyada kala duwan ee kaabayaasha. tusaale ahaan, qalabaynta cabbirka ee wax soo saarka - Waxay qayb ka mid ah qalabka adag ka badan yihiin. converters qiyaaso inta badan lagu tilmaamay inay laba kooxood oo waaweyn - hoose iyo dhexe. Waa waxtar leh si ay u eegaan waxyaabaha gaarka ah ee labada.

Qoondaynta oo ah transducers: xal hoose iyo dhexe

Qalabkaas tirsan category ee aasaasiga ah, guud ahaan loo isticmaalo sida dareemayaal. Taasi waa, transducers yihiin, kaas oo ka mid ah ama qiimaha kale ee laga cabbiro si toos ah u dhaqmo. Maraqa hartay tilmaamay dhexe. Waxay waxaa la geeyaa kaabayaasha qiyaaseed si degdeg ah ka dib markii ugu horeysey ee uu, oo mas'uul ka ah tiro badan oo ah hawlaha la xidhiidha diinta waxaa laga yaabaa. Taas oo hawlgal gaar ah u oofin karin signal nooca heerka Converter haboon? Si aad kuwa aqbalay in:

- cabbirka of sifooyinka jirka qiimaha kala duwan;

- miisaanka diinta ka sare;

- Isbadal of signalada digital in isbarbardhiga iyo qeybsanaan ku xigeenka;

- transformations functional.

Ogsoonow in soocidda noocan oo kale ah la oran karo waa loo aabo yeelin. Tani waa sababta ugu weynina xaqiiqada ah in mid ka mid ah iyo qalab la mid ah qiyaaseed noqon kartaa converters badan aasaasiga ah. Sabab kale oo ah in la tixgeliyo kala soocidda shuruudaysan kor kala hadlay - in noocyada kala duwan ee cabbirka loo samayn karaa on mabaadi'da duwana kaabayaasha.

The converters electro-indhaha

Kale oo caan ah oo dhinacyo kala duwan ee dhaqaalaha nooca devaysa - Converter electron-indhaha. Waxa uu, sida noocyada kale ee aaladaha, waxaan ku kor kala hadlay, matali karaan tiro balaadhan oo ah qaab. Mideeya converters electro-indhaha mabda'a guud ee hawlgalka, waxay ku lug leedahay hirgelinta isbeddel ah ee shayga aan la arki karin - tus, an ciinwaanka by infrared, ultraviolet, ama, tusaale ahaan, X-rays, in spectrum ee la arki karo.

Hawlgalka ayaa u dhiganta waxaa sida caadiga ah loo fuliyay laba marxaladood. On shucaaca ugu horeysay ee aan la arki karin la helay by photocathode ah, ka dib markii taas waxaa loo beddelaa calaamadaha electronic. In mar hore in tallaabo labaad waxaa beddelay image a arki karo iyo soo bandhigay shaashadda. Haddii ay tahay monitor computer ah, signalka laga yaabaa in hore loo beddelay code a digital.

The converters electro-araga - xal in ay dhaqan ahaan lagu tilmaamay galay ka ab dhowr. Qalabka la xiriira hore, ka kooban yihiin sibraar vacuum galaas. In waxa ay ku yaalaan ee photocathode iyo anode. u dhaxeeya farqi iman kara waxaa la aasaasay. Marka laga codsadaa in ay Converter ee danab si mug leh gashto electron ay ahbaa awood diiradda u socodka electrons gudahood.

The converters ah jiilka labaad ee modules dardargelinta electron joogo, ku dheehan yahay Nuurkii image la wanaajiyey. In qalabka oo ka mid ah qalabka-qarnigooda saddexaad waxaa loo isticmaalaa, jidaynayey si ay u kordhiyaan dareenka ee photocathode sida qayb muhiim ah oo Converter electro-araga ah waa in ka badan 3 jeer.

Features resistive transducers

nooc kale oo caadi ka ah xeeladdiisa - transducers resistive. Aynu u fiirsan si faahfaahsan gaar ah.

transducers Kuwan waxaa loo habeeyey si ay u beddelaan iska caabin korontada u gaar ah markii loo feydo measurand gaar ah. Sidoo kale waxay qaadi kartaa sixitaanka ee dhaqdhaqaaqa angular oo toosan. Xaaladaha intooda badan, converters xogta ka mid ah nidaamka qalabaynta la dareemayaal cadaadis, heerkulka, heerka of Nuur, cabbirka ee adag ee noocyada kala duwan ee shucaaca. Faa'iidooyinka ugu weyn ee transducers resistive

- halaynta;

- maqnaanshaha xiriir u dhexeeya saxnaanta cabbirka iyo xasiloonida ee danab sahayda.

Waxaa jira noocyo badan oo ka mid ah qalabka ku haboon. Ka mid ah kuwa ugu caansan - dareemayaal heerkulka. Waxaan ku baran doonaa sifooyinka ay.

Resistance heerkulka baare

The converters signal xogta ay leeyihiin qaybaha in u nugul yihiin isbedel heerkulka daarmayaay'e. In kiiska halkaas oo ay soo baxdo, oo ay iska caabin ah waa la kordhin karaa. Qalabka Kuwan waxaa ugu horayn lagu gartaa sax ah mid aad u sarreeya. Mararka qaar, waxay u suurto gal tahay in la beddelo heerkulka si sax ah 0,026 degrees Celsius. Iyadoo qayb ka ah qalabka ay jiraan xubno ka platina dhigay - kiiskan ratio iska caabin hoose ama naxaas yahay.

Codsiga dareemayaal resistive waxa lagu gartaa dhowr Gudigga. Sidaas darteed, waa in la dhasha maskaxda ku haysaa in tilmaamayaasha excitation sare ee hadda lagu quudiyo si ay u shidma, sii kordhaya dareenka heerkulkiisa, laakiin waqti isku mid ah, kululeeyo canaasiirta transducer kala. Marar badan this sababa hoos u dhac in ay sax. Sidaa darteed waxaa lagu talinayaa si loo xaqiijiyo in qaab isitcmaalo excitation hadda si xaaladaha cabbirka gaar ah. Xisaabinta waxaa laga yaabaa, tusaale ahaan, conductivity kaamerada ah ee dhexdhexaadka ah, taas oo shidma ay khuseyso - hawada ama biyaha. Sida caadiga ah, ku soo koobin talinayaa in hadda excitation ah waxaa dejiya soo saarayaasha oo ka mid ah dareemayaal nooca baahisey. Sayidka la taaban karo ay kala duwanaan karaan ku xiran tahay biraha codsatay in qaab-dhismeedka qalabka. Intaas waxaa sii dheer, marka la isticmaalayo dareemayaal su'aasha, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in ay qaataan galay account dhimaya sida qiimaha yareysey ee hadda qalliinka. Sida caadiga ah, waxa ay sidoo kale tilmaamaysaa soo saaraha.

dareemayaal Resistive - ka mid ah noocyada ugu badan ee converters dhaqaalaha. Tan waxaa in badan sabab u ah faa'iidooyinka farsamada weyn oo ka mid ah noocyo badan oo iyaga ka mid ah. Tusaale ahaan, haddii aan ka hadlo Thermistors - kuwa lagu gartaa dareenka sare, compactness, miisaanka yar yahay. dareemayaal nooca baahisey laga yaabaa in loo isticmaalo in lagu cabbiro heerkulka xaalado kala duwan. Ay-soo-saarka oo inta badan kuma saabsana oo kharashka la taaban karo. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, thermistors leedahay cillado - ugu horayn waa Heer sare ah ee non-linearity, oo sidaas daraaddeed iyagu lagu dabaqi karo ku dhaqanka ee kala duwan halkii ay cidhiidhi ah ee heerkulka.

Haboon converters nooca calaamadaha (noocyada iyo ujeedada lagu salayn karaa shuruudaha kala duwan ee kala soocidda) hubkaas ayaa loo isticmaalaa in nolol maalmeedka. Tusaale ahaan, mid noqoshada ee qaybiyey dareemayaal heerkulka, oo ka kooban in ay qaab-dhismeedka qaybaha platina iyo copper ee halabuurka ah:

- kaabayaasha kululaynta - si loo cabbiro heerkulka tilmaamayaasha coolant on qaybaha kala duwan ee qalabka, iyo sidoo kale in qol kulul,

- Makiinadaha dhar dhaqidda - si loo cabbiro heerkulka biyaha iyo sixitaanka in barnaamijyada lagu dhaqo kala duwan;

- Iron - Sidoo kale for heerkulka Feereynta si mug leh gudahood hab gaar ah;

- electrotiles, iyo sidoo kale noocyo kale oo ah qalabka karinta cuntada - dul hagaajiyaan hawshooda u ah hababka user gaar ah si loo hubiyo in ay hawlgalka.

converters rheostat

nooc kale oo caan ka ah xeeladdiisa resistive - transducers iska caabin ah. Ay mabda 'ee hawlgalka ku salaysan yahay lagu qiyaaso korontada iska caabin ah ee kaari ah sarkhaansan yihiin barakac talooyin ah. In dhaqanka, transducer waxaa ka mid ah xubno kuwaas oo ku habboon barakaca ay sabab u tahay saameynta ay measurand ah. Inta badan, qalab ee su'aasha lagu daro kala qaybinaya danab ama loo isticmaalaa sida qayb ka mid ah buundada qiyaaseed.

Haddii aan ka hadlo wanaagga in sifaha ay converters rheostat, ka dibna, waxay ka mid ah:

- maqnaanshaha saamayn Waxyeelo on qaybaha dhaqaajin karo;

- oolnimada sare;

- size yar yar, isticmaalka kaabayaasha, ka hawlgala sida joogto ah, saas iyo si talantaalli hadda.

Isla mar ahaantaana ku transducers resistive nooc u dhigma ma aha had iyo jeer lagu kalsoonaan karo iyo in kiisas badan oo u baahan khayraadka shirkad weyn si ay u ilaaliyaan ka shaqeynayaan.