The daahfurtay weyn juquraafi

daahfurtay juquraafi Major ee taariikhda aadanaha oo lagu sameeyay XV ah - XVII qarniyo. The muddo goob joog ah tirada muhiim u socdaalay sameeyey by Yurub, taas oo keentay in furitaanka of cusub ganacsiga wadooyinka, dalka, iyo sidoo kale qabashada dhulalka.

The daahfurtay weyn juquraafi, sida waxa loo yaqaan dhacdooyinkan, taariikhyahanadu ayaa waxaa suurtageliyey badankeeda horumarka sayniska iyo farsamada. Waa in this taariikhiga ah muddo ayaa si ay u abuuraan isku halayn karo shiraaca weelashii, ee horumar ah navigation iyo xeebaha maps, oo ku wareegsan, oo taageero ka fikrad ah sphericity oo ka mid ah Dhulka iyo wixii la mid ah. D. In badan oo siyaabo, bilowgii of sida firfircoon cilmi qeyb ka ah yaraanta ee qaaliga ah macdanaha in aad u horumaray badeecadaha dhaqaalaha, iyo sidoo kale saldanad ah urub Empire Africa, Aasiyada Yar iyo Mediterranean, taas oo ka dhigtay in ay adag tahay in ganacsi la dunida ka mid ah bariga.

The daahfurka iyo fatxi of America oo la xidhiidha magaca H. Columbus, kuwaas oo helay ruux.dalka iyo Bahamas, iyo in 1492 - iyo America laftiisa. Amerigo Vespucci dhoofeen xeebaha dalka Brazil oo sabab u ah sahamo 1499-1501 sano.

1497-1499 sano - waqti marka Vasco da Gama aysan awoodin in ay helaan jidka joogta iyo bad ilaa Hindiya ka Western Europe xeebta ah ee South Africa. By 1488, Bartolomeu Dias, reer Portugal Navigator, iyo sidoo kale tiro ka mid ah oo kale safra sameeyey gayanaya sahaminayo koonfurta iyo galbeed xeebaha Afrika. Portuguese ayaa waxa ay ku Malay Peninsula ah, Moluccas iyo Japan.

In muddada u dhaxaysa 1498 iyo 1502 sano H. Columbus, A. Ojeda, A. Vespucci iyo ragga baxriyiinta kale Portuguese iyo Spanish ayaa sahamiyey xeebta waqooyiga ee South America, oo ay ku jiraan ay bari (soohdinta reer Brazil casriga ah) xeebta iyo qayb ka mid ah xeebta Caribbean ee bartamaha America.

In muddo ah ka soo 1513 by 1525 Spain (B. Nunez de Balboa) u suurtagashay in ay soo gudbaan halkay ku of Panama iyo gaari Badweynta Pacific. In 1519-1522 sano Ferdinand Magellan dhigay safar ugu horeysay dhulka ku wareegsan; galay Badweynta Pacific socday, socday hareeraha South America, iyo sidaas cadeeyay in dhulka uu leeyahay qaab goobaabin. Markii labaadna, in sanadaha 1577-1580, wuxuu sameeyey Frensis Dreyk.

hanti Aztec ayaa ka guulaystay by Hernan Cortes ee 1519-1521 sano, Incas ah - Francisco Pizarro sannadaha 1532-1535, Maya - in sano ee 1517-1697, iyo wixii la mid ah ..

daahfurtay dhuleed ee Ingiriiska ayaa la xidhiidha raadinta marinka galbeed Asia ah, iyadoo ay sabab u taasoo ay ogaadeen jasiiradda of Newfoundland iyo xeebta North America (1497-1498 GG., J. Cabot), Hudson Bay, Greenland et al. (From 1576 si 1616 Buuraan G. Hudson, Baffin W. et al.). sahamiyayaal Faransiis addoonsada xeebta Kanada (Jacques Cartier, 1534-1543 GG.), Haraha iyo Appalaachian Mountains (1609-1648 GG., S. Champlain iyo kuwa kale.).

safra Great ee dunida bilowgeedii ay safar ma aha oo kaliya ka dekedaha Yurub. Ka mid ah sahamiyayaal waxay ahaayeen badan oo Ruush. Waxaa Poyarkov V., I. Moskvitin, E. Khabarov, S. Dezhnev iyo kuwa kale oo sahamiyey Siberia iyo bariga fog. Waxaa ka mid ah Horseedka ah Barents Arctic ah waxaa loogu yeedhi B., D. Hudson, J .. Davis, William Baffin iyo kuwa kale. Dutch Tasman A. iyo B. Yanszon caan ku tahay safarka Australia, Tasmania iyo New Zealand. In qarnigii XVIII ah (1768), gobolka dib-u-baaro Kuk Dzheyms ah.

furitaanka XV dhuleed - qarniyo XVII, iyadoo ay sabab u taasoo la baadhay by qayb ka ool ah oo dusha dhulka ee, ka caawiyay xoogee contours casriga ah ee qaaradood ah, marka laga reebo qayb ka mid ah xeebaha ee America iyo Australia. Waxaa furay marxalad cusub daraasadda juquraafi ahaaneed ee dhulka, taasoo keentay in cawaaqib xun geopolitical iyo dhaqan-dhaqaale ayaa muhiim u ah horumar kale qaar ka mid ah cilmiga dabiiciga ah.

daahfurka dalalka, wadamada, dariiqyada ganacsi cusub ka qayb qaatay horumarinta dheeraad ah oo ganacsiga, warshadaha iyo xiriirka ka dhexeeya dowladaha. Tani waxay keentay in bilowgii formation of suuqa dunida iyo xilligii gumeysiga. Waxaa la kiimikaysan gooyey horumarinta ilbaxnimo ee Indian of World Cusub.