The code genetic universal

code hidaha - waa sirta macluumaadka la kala dhaxlo gaar ah oo isticmaalaya taagoo of acids nucleic. Iyada oo ku saleysan this suntan macluumaad hiddo haboon gacanta Avv borotiinka iyo ensaymes ee jirka ku jira, sidaas darteedna waxaa qeexaya-shiid. Taa baddalkeeda, qaab-dhismeedka borotiinada shakhsiga iyo shaqada waxaa keena meesha iyo Halabuurka ee acids amino - unugyada dhismaha ee Britain protein ah.

In dhexe ee qarnigii la soo dhaafay waxaa la aqoonsaday hiddo, kuwaas oo qaybo gaar ah ee acid deoxyribonucleic (loo soo gaabiyo - DNA). links Nucleotides foomka of taagoo DNA strand double sifo, ururiyay oo ah qaab ku muquuninta ah.

Seynisyahanno ka helay xiriirka u dhexeeya hiddo iyo qaab-dhismeedka kiimikada ee borotiinada shakhsiga, nuxurka kuwaas oo ka kooban in xaqiiqda ah in amarka dhismaha ee acids amino in u taagoo protein ah ayaa si buuxda u dhiganta amarka nucleotides in hiddo. Iyadoo xiriirka this aasaasay, cilmi go'aansaday inuu rayi code hidaha, ie, in la dhiso sharciyada si ay khuseyso dhismaha ee nucleotides ee DNA iyo amino acids ee borotiinada.

Waxaa jira afar nooc oo nucleotides:

1) A - adenayn;

2) G - gu'anayn;

3) T - thymidylic;

4) D - cytidylic.

Dhismaha labaatan noocyada kala duwan ee acids amino lagama maarmaan ah oo borotiin ah waxaa ka mid ahaa. Iyada oo deciphering ee code hidaha, waxaa jiray dhibaatooyin, sababtoo ah nucleotides fog ka yar aminoskislot. In xalinta dhibaatadan, waxaa la soo jeediyay in acids amino waxaa encoded by-gaynta kala duwan ee saddex nucleotides (yeedhay codon ama triplet).

Haddii aan xisaabin oo dhan isku suurto galka ah ee saddex ku noqon lahaa 64, ie saddex jeer ka badan acids amino ah - waxaa soo baxday ee ilmood oo xad-dhaaf ah.

Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa lagama maarmaan ahayd si ay u sharxaan sida ay saddex ku yaalaan oo ay la socdaan hiddo. Sidaas waxaa jira saddex kooxood oo ugu waaweyn ee aragtiyaha:

1) ilmood oo midba midka kale la raaco si joogto ah, i.e. sameeyaan code a joogto ah;

2) ilmood ee loo qoondeeyey waxa sidoo kale qaybo "macna lahayn", i.e. la aasaasay ee loo yaqaan "comma" iyo "faqrado" in xeerka;

3) saddex daboolaa laga yaabaa, i.e. dhammaadka triplet ugu horeysay sameysmi karaa bilowga ah ee soo socda.

Waqtigan xaadirka ah inta badan isticmaalaa aragti oo joogtada ah code.

code hidaha iyo hantida

1) code triplet ah - waxa uu ka kooban yahay isku aabo yeelin oo ka mid ah saddex nucleotides la xirrira codons.

2) code The hidde waa siyaado ah - waa natiijo ah oo ka mid ah uu triplet. Mid ka mid ah amino acid la encoded laga yaabaa in ay ka badan hal codon sida codon on xisaabta, saddex jeer ka badan acids amino ah. Dhowr codons joojinta qabtaan hawlo gaar ah, qaar ka mid ah waxaa laga yaabaa in "calaamadaha stop" in ay yihiin wax soo saarka barnaamijkii afjaridda silsilad amino acid, halka qaar kalena ay u taagan yihiin waxaa laga yaabaa in bilowga ah ee code akhrin ah.

3) code The hidde waa dirayaan - codon kasta dhigma karaa oo keliya hal amino acid.

4) code hidda ayaa collinearity, i.e. nucleotide iyo amino acid xigxiga si cad u dhigmaan midba midka kale.

5) code waa diiwaan joogto ah oo dheggan, nucleotides "macno darro ah" la la'yahay. Waxay bilaabataa iyada oo qeexaysa triplet ah, kaas oo la bedelay soo socda aan kala joogsi lahayn oo dhammaanaysaa codon joojinta.

6) code The hidde waa universal - wax kasta oo hiddo u shaqeeyo encode waayo, borotiinada isku. Waxa aanu ku xiran tahay heerka kakanaanta ururka ee u shaqeeyo ama nidaamka xaaladda ah.

sayniska casriga ah oo muujinaysa in ay code hidaha isla markiiba soo baxdo dul dhalashada shaqeeyo cusub ee arrinta lafta. isbedel iyo geedi socodka of horumar Random suuragalin fursadaha code, ie acids amino isku jireen laga yaabaa in si kasta. Waa maxay sababta in koorsada ee horumar ayaa ka badbaaday dhab noocan oo kale ah code, sababta code waa universal oo uu leeyahay qaab-dhismeedka la mid ah? sayniska The more barto oo ku saabsan arrin ee code hidaha, ayaa in ka badan waxaa jira ee qarsoon cusub.