Taariikhda camera ah, iyo sawiro

Maanta waxaan ma qiyaasi kartaa noloshayda oo aan sawiro ka. oo dhan nagu wareegsan Waxay yihiin waqtiga oo dhan. Samee sawir - hawl hoose waayo, ninkii wuxuu casriga ah. Laakiin mar this riyoon karaa oo keliya. Aan u ogaato waxa uu ahaa taariikhda digsiyada camera ka injineerada ugu horeeyay ee technology casriga ah.

Man ayaa had iyo jeer soo jiitay fiican. Maalin maalmaha ka mid waxa uu doonayay inuu soo tilmaama, in la siiyo u qaabaynta. In gabayada u qaaday qaab erayo qurux badan, in music - dhawaaqa, iyo rinjiyeynta ah - image ah. Waxa kaliya in uusan qabsan kari waayeen dadkii - dumaya. Tusaale ahaan, si ay u qabsadaan duufaan onkodka, dissecting samada, dhibic ama nasashada. Iyada oo agaa of camera waa badan ee suurtogalka ah. Taariikhda horumarka camera ka mid ah waxay Been isku day badan rikoorrada image. Waxaa bilaabmaa waqti dheer ka hor, markii ay baareen optics ee refraction iftiin, xisaabta ogaaday in image ka tirtiri karo by it marayay god yar qolka mugdi ah. Ka fiirso dhacdooyinka ugu weyn ee ay saameeyeen taariikhda camera ah.

sharciyada Kepler ee

Oo waxaad ogaan, marka taariikhda camera bilowday? technology waxay marka hore, taasi oo markii dambe bilaabay in la isticmaalo si ay u abuuraan sawiro, u muuqday in 1604, markii Yogann Kepler - astronomer Jarmal - aasaasay sharciyada iyo digtoonaan iftiinka muraayad. Ka dibna, waxay la aasaasay aragtida ah ee lenses kaas oo Galileo Galilei - jirka Talyaaniga - ayaa abuuray xoqad ugu horeeyay dunida ee ay dhawraan jidhadhka samada. ray mabda'a refraction la aasaasay oo bartay. Waxaa weli si ay u bartaan sida si ay u qoraan image keentay on warqada.

Furitaanka of Niepce

Ku dhawaad laba qarniyo ka dib, ee 20 jirka ah ee qarnigii 19-kii alifay Faransiiska Zhozef Nisefor Neps helay hab ka mid ah image qabtay. Badan ayaa rumaysan in ay ahayd ka joogo in bilaabay taariikhda asalka ah ee camera ah. Habka inventive ka kooban ee daaweynta ee iftiinka galaya varnish laami iyo waxa lagu hayo dusha galaaska. varnish Tani waxaa matalayey wax la mid ah, si ay shinida casri ah iyo hal galaas oo loo yaqaan camera a pinhole. Iyadoo habkan, image la helay qaab oo waxay noqdeen arki karo. Waxa ay ahayd markii ugu horeysay ee taariikhda, markii rinjiyeynta ah waxaa la soo sawiray ma by artist ah laakiin rays refracted iftiinka.

image tayada New ka Talbot

Waxbarashada obscura camera jirka Niepce, Ingiriiska William Talbot ayaa kor u qaadista tayada image adigoo isticmaalaya negative ah - uu abuurtay print sawir. Tani waxay dhacday 1835. Daahfurka ayaa ka dhigtay in ay suurto gal ma aha oo kaliya in ay qaataan photo tayo cusub, laakiin sidoo kale si aad nuqulka. At ay photo ugu horeysay Talbot shaabadeeyey uu furmo suuqa ee gurigiisa. image ayaa si cad u xambaarsan dulmar ah oo ka mid ah daaqadaha iyo jir. In uu warbixinta, qoraal yar ka dib, Talbot yeedhay sawirka dunida ah oo qurux badan. Waxa uu ahaa kii aasaaskii mabda'a ah in loo adeegsaday in la daabaco sawirada sanadaha soo saareen.

war abuurashadoodii The Sutton

In 1861, T. Ingiriisi sawir Sutton ayaa sameeyay camera a lahaa hal gashto reflex ah. camera wuxuu ka kooban yahay Maala iyo sanduuq weyn oo dhinaca hogaanka ah taas oo ahayd cover gaar ah. aqonsado ee cover ahaa xaqiiqada ah in uusan iftiin gudbin, laakiin waxa aad arki lahayd iyada. Lens diiwaan diiradda on muraayadda, taas oo la kaashanayo of muraayadaha si ay u sameeyaan image ah. By waaweyn iyo, waxay ahayd camera ugu horeysay. Taariikhda horumarinta dheeraad ah oo sawir horumariyo more dynamically.

"Kodak"

Brand caanka ah maalmahan "Kodak" markii ugu horaysay la laftiisa ku dhawaaqday 1889, markii Dzhordzh Istman xiranayo filimada duudduuban ugu horeysay, ka dibna camera in si gaar ah loogu talagalay film this. Natiijadu waxay tahay a "Kodak" shirkad weyn. Waxa xiiso leh in la ogaado in magaca "Kodak" ma dhali kasta oo loading semantic. Eastman kaliya doonayay in ay la yimaadaan eray in bilaabi lahaa iyo soo afjaro isla xarafka.

photo Plate

In 1904, summad Lumiere ayaa aasaasay saxan sii daayo for photos midabka ah. Waxay noqday noocooda ah ee sawirka casriga ah.

Leica Kaameerada

In 1923, waxaa jiray camera a in la soo shaqeeyay filimka 35mm. Hadda waxaad arki kartaa diidmo iyo soo xulay for daabicidda ugu fiican iyaga. Laba sano ka dib, ee wax soo saarka mass of kamaradaha ayaa bilaabay Leica. In 1935, waxaa jiray model ah Leica 2, kaas oo ku qalabaysan viewfinder a, oo diiradda la awood badan, iyo isu geeyo kara laba images mid. version A of 3 Leica ogol yahay dadka isticmaala si ay ula qabsadaan mudada soo-gaadhista. Muddo dheer oo lagu daydo Leica ahaayeen sifo muhiim ah in farshaxanka sawir.

film midabka

In 1935, Kodak bilaabay soo saarida filimka midabka "Kodakhrom". Ka dib markii daabacaadda filimkan waxay lahayd in dib u eegis, inta lagu guda jiro taas oo ka kooban midabka waxaa la superimposed siiyey. Toddoba sano ka dib, in dhibaatadii loo xalliyay. Sidaas darteed, filimka "Kodakkolor" waayo nus qarnigii u soo socda ayaa ka mid ah inta badan loo isticmaalaa in sawir xirfad iyo hiwaayadda.

"Polaroid" camera

In 1963, taariikhda camera leeyahay dulinka cusub. camera The "Polaroid" jeestay fikradda ah daabacaadda a photo dhakhso ah. camera The kuu ogolaanayaa inaad daabacdo sawirada isla markiiba ka dib markii la sameeyey. Waxaad lahaa oo kaliya in ay riix badhanka ah oo sug dhawr daqiiqadood. Inta lagu jiro wakhtigan, camera ah barbaro on a contours nadiif print image, ka dibna kala duwan ee ka buuxa midabo. Waayo, 30 sano ee soo socda, kamaradaha "Polaroid" xaqiijisatay hanashada horyaalka ee suuqa. Hoos u dhaca caan ah oo lagu daydo, kuwaas oo bilaabay oo kaliya in sano markii asalkiisu ka soo jeedo Zaman ee sawir digital.

In 70 ee bilaabay inuu siiyo kaamirooyinka meter-gaadhista, auto focus, dhisay-in flash iyo hababka rasaas si toos ah. In 80s ee, lagu daydo qaar ka mid ah waxaa horey u qalabaysan bandhigay crystal dareere ah, taasi oo muujinaysa goobaha iyo hababka qalabka. Taariikhda camera digital bilaabay oo ku saabsan waqti isku mid ah.

Xilligii of photos digital

In 1974, in xoqad elektarooniga ah sumalka uguma mahad, ku guulaysteen in photo ugu horeysay digital samada. In 1980, Sony bilaabay la sii daayo camera a digital Mavica. video The, toogtay iyada at, waxaa laga soo qoray on drive a diskette kumbiyuutarka. Waa in la nadiifiyaa weligiis kartaa record cusub. In 1988 yimid model ugu horeysay ee qalabka digital ka Fujifilm. Qalabka ayaa loo magacaabay Fuji DS1P. Photos qaaday isaga, ku hayay qaab digital on dhexdhexaad elektaroonik ah.

In 1191, Kodak ayaa abuuray camera a SLR digital, kaas oo lahaa xal 1.3 megapixel ah iyo tiro ka mid ah hawlaha in ay sameeyaan si ay u photos xirfadeed digital. Shirkadda Canon A ee 1994 ayaa la siiyaa nidaam ay camera image indhaha xasilinta. Raacay by lagu daydo film Canon hoos u dhacay iyo shirkadda Kodak. Tani waxay dhacday sanadkii 1995. Taariikhda xiga ee camera ayaa ka sii firfircoon waxaad fartaan Wannaagga, halka horumarinta aasaas muhiim ah mar dambe ma ahaa. Iyo in waxa ay ahayd, sidaas darteed hoos u this ee size iyo qiimaha halka laga kordhinayo shaqeynayaan. Waa ilaa darka guul ka mid ah astaamahaan, oo maanta shirkad ay ku xidhan tahay guusha suuqa.

2000

Samsung Corporation iyo Sony, kuwaas oo la horumariyo ku salaysan technology digital, nuugo share libaax ee suuqa ee kamaradaha digital. model hiwaayadda adkaaday jaarka ah ee 3 xalinta megapixel oo waxay bilaabeen inay farsamada xirfadeed ee size of furta oo la tartami. Inkastoo horumarinta deg deg ah ee farsamooyinka digital - ogaado wajiga iyo ilka ee ku yiilleen, ay ka saareen indhaha "cas", zoom badan iyo hawlaha kale, - qiimaha qalabka photo si degdeg ah ka dhicin. Phones qalabaysan camera iyo zoom digital, camera bilaabeen in ay iska caabin. qalabka Film dad aad u yar ayaa xiiso u qabta, iyo sawir analog bilaabay inuu la qadariyo sida failed.

Sidee camera ah?

Haddaba, waxaynu og nahay in aad ka marxalad qaar ka mid ah uu ahaa warkii camera ah. Daymo Kooban oo waxaa at, eegaan qalabka camera dhow ka.

camera Film shaqeeya sida soo socota: marayay aperture ujeeddada, nuurka ayaa la filimka dahaarka leh kula waxyaalaha kiimikada iyo ku kaydsan dhexdeeda sameynayso. guryaha ma iftiinka, iyo sidoo kale kooxda heysata filim cover ma gudbiyaan. In channel filimka, filimka waxaa rewound shot kasta ka dib. gashto wuxuu ka kooban yahay dhowr lenses in laguu ogolaado in aad in la beddelo diiradda. In la gashto xirfadeed siku mooyee, ayaa sidoo kale ku rakiban muraayadaha. Nuurkii sanamkii indhaha waxaa laga beddelo by diaphragm ah. Iyada oo shutter waxaa wax yar ka furay shutter daboolaya film. On sida dheer shutter waa furan yihiin, waxay ku xiran tahay photos-gaadhista. Haddii mawduuca waxaa liidata iftiin, flash loo isticmaalo. Waxay ka kooban tahay laambaddayda gaas-dheecaan, iyadoo cadaadis degdeg ah negative kaas oo laga heli karaa iftiin, dhalaalka nuurka kun oo shumac aad iyo aad.

camera digital on stage ee marinka iftiinka iyagoo isha kuhaya, iyo sidoo kale ka shaqeeyaa sidii filim. Laakiin ka dib markii image waxaa refracted loo sii marayo Nidaamka indhaha, waxaa loo beddelay macluumaad digital in furta. xallinta furta oo ku xiran tahay tayada image ah. Dabadiisna image recoded waxa lagu kaydiyaa foomka digital on side xogta a. guryaha ee camera noocan oo kale ah ay la mid tahay filim, laakiin waxaa ka maqan channel ee filimada iyo meel spool la filimka. Marka tan la eego, size ee camera digital uga yar. sifo caadaysi daydo digital'ka ah ee maanta waa bandhigay LCD ee. Wuxuu, oo gacanta ku hal, waxay u adeegtaa sida viewfinder ah, iyo dhinaca kale ah - oggolaanayaa navigation fudud iyada oo menu oo la arko natiijada diirada.

qalab digital Lens ayaa sidoo kale ka kooban yahay lenses ama muraayadaha. Waxa uu noqon karaa mid yar, laakiin functional in kamaradaha macaamiisha. element ugu weyn ee camera digital waa shidma shax. Waa saxan yar la kaari ah, kuwaas oo foomamka tayada image ah. Wixii oo dhan muuqaalada camera a digital kulmay microprocessor ah.

gunaanad

Maanta waxaan bartay waxa marxaladaha ahayd sheeko xiiso of camera ah. Photos maanta ha yaabin qof, laakiin waxaa jiray jeer markii ay tixgeliyaa mucjiso ah injineernimada. Haddaba sawirka waxaa loo sameeyaa in xoogaa ilbiriqsiyo ah, iyo ka hor inta ay qaadanayso maalmood.

History of camera la dhalashada of kamaradaha digital leeyahay horumarinta bartilmaameed cusub. Haddii hore sawir qaade lahaa si ay u tagaan oo dhan cayn kasta oo tabaha si aad u hesho sawir qurux badan, laakiin hadda waxa ay masuul ka tahay taajirka on camera muuqaalada software. Intaa waxaa dheer, wax image digital la sii saxar kartaa kombiyuutarka. The abuuray oo ka mid ah kaamirooyin ugu horeysay ee tani xitaa ma ku riyoon jiray.