Sulfides iyo hydrosulfides. Hydrosulfide iyo tayadda ammonium

By sulphides ka mid kiimiko ah organic iyo imanba, eb baaruud in ay Britain la weheliyaan qaar ka mid ah biraha ama non-birta. Waayo, sulfides imanba xeryahooda caadiga ah waa tayadda hydrogen (H2S), ka tirsan fasalka ee acids iyo tayadda ammonium (formula (NH4) 2s), ka tirsan fasalka ee cusbada. Sidoo kale sulfides biraha iyo nonmetals c formula guud KxSy (meesha K - waa bir ama waxbarashada bacayn, iyo S - acidic hadhay sulphide hydrogen, x iyo y - qadarka siifilisku biraha iyo anions of moiety acid ee Britain ayaa ka, siday u kala horreeyaan), tixraac fasalka ee cusbada. Tusaale ahaan, tayadda birta (II) FeS. sulfides Organic - walax kiimiko ah, eb baaruud ah in ay Britain la xiriira xag shidaalka. Tani mercaptides (thioethers) ee RSR formula guud ', iyo R iyo R' - xag shidaalka.

All kiimiko ah, kuwaas oo u taagoo ku jira la eb bir ah, iyo atamka ee qaar ka mid ah non-birta (boron B, P fosfooraska, Silicon Si, arsenic Sida), lala eb baaruudda (S) la degree ah lagu qayilo loo siman yahay oo laga jaray 2, guud ahaan loo arkaa cusbada sulphide hydrogen H2S . sulfides imanba (marka laga reebo H2S), tus, tayadda, tayadda ammonium ama boron, dhac u ah celcelis ahaan cusbada, tan iyo labada ka mid ah atamka hydrogen acid sulphide hydrogen ayaa la bedelay siifilisku kale. Haddii sulphide hydrogen in acid ah, eb ka mid ah oo kaliya ayaa la bedelay siifilisku (taas oo la mid ah, waayo, dhulka xumadoodu iyo biraha alkali), cusbada lagu samayn doonaa cusbo acid. Tusaalooyinka hydrosulfides imanba (bisulfide haddii kale) waxaa laga yaabaa in xeryahooda sida hydrosulfide ammonium (NH4HS Formula) ama hydrosulfide sodium (NaHS). In taagoo hydrosulfides, in la barbardhigo tayadda, ama hadhay anion acid waa HS-. hydrosulfide Organic ka mid ah mercaptans (thiols iyo thioalcohols) ee RSH ku formula guud, halkaas oo R - hydrocarbon xagjirka ah. Mercaptides iyo mercaptans waxaa lagu gartaa isku waydaarsanayeen ballaaran, si ay u baahan tixgelin dheeraad ah.

sulfides badankood waxay leeyihiin midab dhalaalaya. In biyaha si fiican u milma kaliya tayadda ammonium iyo sulfides biraha alkali. Xaqiiqo ahaan beelaya biyo, hartay sulphides biraha. Tan iyo sulfides waa hydrogen cusbada tayadda ee acids daciif ah, wakiillo ka biyo-L ay la hydrolyzed karo. Waayo, sulfides sameeyay biraha la gobol qayilo sare ama, haddii hydroxides ay yihiin saldhigyada daciif ah (tus, Cr2S3, Al2S3, iwm), inta badan hydrolysis baxa irreversibly. Sulfides yihiin wakiilada yaraynta khafiif ah, fal la ogsijiin atmosfeerta at heerkulka kacsantahay si ay u sameeyaan cusbada, kaas oo la eb baaruudda waxa uu shahaadada sare ee lagu qayilo, sida sulfates iyo baaruud dioxide. tayadda ammonium waxaa loo isticmaalaa in sawir, warshadaha dharka ee. Sulfides waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida qalab Semiconductor, phosphors, daawada, beeraha.

sulfides ayaa la soo saaray laga yaabaa in ay habab kala duwan. tayadda ammonium (oo loo yaqaan magac kale oo cusbo this - tayadda diammonium) waa la diyaariyey by ficil tayadda hydrogen la xad dhaaf ah ammonia: H2S + 2 NH3 → (NH4) 2s. cusbo acid More adkaysta of tayadda hydrogen waa FeS tayadda bir ah, taas oo keliya baa la giirte karaa by kuleylinta vacuo si ay u hesho (tani waa mid ka mid ah hababka badan loo yaqaan) by dareen karin bir baaruud: Fe + S → FeS.

miisaanka kelli ee tayadda ammonium iyo 68,14. .. E m Gross-formula nidaamka Hill waxaa loo qori karaa sida: H8N2S. In muuqaalka u eg cusbo kiristaalo Biyuhu. tayadda ammonium at 20 ° C waa diyaar L. biyo. L. in ethanol. Tani walax hygroscopic awood u aadeen qoyaan. In gobolka free lama heli tayadda ammonium. Tan iyo markii ay (NH4) 2s cusbo waa deganayn, ka dibna xal ay aqueous dhow yihiin iyo macdanta hydrogen sidaas muhiimad ka kooban isku dar ah ee NH3 iyo NH4HS, iyo xal aqueous of (NH4) 2s waa dareere ah midab leh ur of ammonia iyo tayadda hydrogen. xal falcelinta waa cawaaqib xumadoodu waxay la pH ah 9.3. The kiristaalo of cusbo ku adag waa wax aan macquul aheyn in la kala saaro, xataa qaboojinta xoog badan oo ah xalka. Sidaas darteed of qayilo by ogsijiin atmosfeerta iyo formation of polysulfides, xal tayadda ammonium si degdeg ah huruud. Sidaa darteed xal tayadda waa in lagu kaydiyaa sibraar kor u buuxsantay inay goolhayaha oo si adag u xidh shaabadeeyey.

Miisaanka uu leeyahay kelli waa hydrosulfide ammonium iyo 51,11. .. E m Gross-formula nidaamka Hill waxaa loo qori karaa sida: H5NS. Salt muuqaalka waa a kiristaalo rhombic Biyuhu. cufnaanta ee cusbo loo siman yahay 0.89 g / cm3. barta barafku 120 ° C (cadaadis). Heerkulka qolka uumi iyo sublimation ah uumiga reagent ah. Xarunta Tani waa kacsan at heerkulka qolka. maalkiisu waa diyaar L. in khamriga ethyl oo biyo qabow, biyo kulul ama kululayn la kala jajabo yar. Xasaasiyada aqueous alkali. In hawada hydrosulfide ammonium awood waxaa oxidized, sidaa daraadeed waxa uu ka xalka Biyuhu marka si deg deg ah ku kaydsan huruud ay sabab u formation of polysulfides. hydrosulfide ammonium waxaa laga yaabaa in si toos ah loo diyaariyey by ficil ammonia la tayadda hydrogen in preservative (baaruud) ama maraya hawada at 0 ° C ee xal ammonia ah ee tayadda hydrogen xad-dhaaf ah oo ay isla'eg falcelinta: NH3 + H2S → NH4HS.