Soor - waxa uu yahay waxan? Nikon F Buur

Soor - waa magaca cilmiyaysan ee siku Buur for sawir iyo qalabka video. Waxaa laga yaabaa in nidaam fiiriyey ama shir gaar ah, oo camera la dhajinta on siku. Shirkadaha soo saara keentay kamaradaha, ayaa soo saartay heerarka iyaga u gaar ah kulan, sidaas darteed inta badan soor ka mid ah shirkadda waa in aynan kale ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa jira nidaam caadi ah iyo qalab dheeraad ah (tusaale ahaan, adabtarada-soor) ee optics rakibaadda ka shirkadood oo kala duwan. Noocyada ugu badan ee bayonets: Nikon F, Canon xeeraan iyo Sony E.

F soor ee "Nikon"

Iyadoo horumarinta sawir, waxaa caddaatay in optics magacaaban, si adag u xidh xidhan qaybta guryaha, awoodin in ay la kulmaan fikrado hal abuur leh ee xirfadlayaasha. Xalka laga helay isticmaalka lenses laysku beddelid karo. Shirkadda Nikon waxa uu noqday mid ka mid ah the first to bandhigo qardarin caadiga ah ee lenses saari karo. nooca soor, soo bandhigay sannadkii 1959, shirkadda "Nikon" waa soor xiriir releasable loo isticmaalo in lagu xiro camera a 35mm (jirka) oo siku.

Lenses nidaamka asalka F-soor loogu isticmaalaa ilaa 1977, ayaa weli ma u muuqday socon nooca element ka AI. Xitaa casriga lenses Nikon loo isticmaali karaa nooca qalabka F oo camal wanaagsan kamaradaha ka weyn, inkastoo rakibo u baahan karaan horumar farsamo yar.

Mabda 'hawlgalka

Soor - waa aalad fudud. In si ay u xirmaan siku nooca kaamirada F, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in ay gacanta waafajiyaan gashto qiyaas nidaamka Electricity tendril, kaas oo lagu go'an in meel f / 5,6 diaphragm ka. Later ee lenses noocan ah ayaa sidoo kale loo yaqaan pre-AI iyo non-AI.

waafaqid

Lenses Nikon F ganaax shaqada nooca-soor oo dhan kaamirooyin casri ah Nikon ugu yaraan gacanta xulo hab-gaadhista ah, gaar ahaan haddii iyaga ka beddeli waayo waafaqsan yahay Buur AI. Xaaladdan oo kale hababka qalliinka mudnaanta aperture ku xirnaan doontaa model camera ah. Electricity Matrix u baahan casriyeyn gaar ah Buur, sidaas darteed waa sida caadiga ah aysan la lenses, kuwaas oo ka shaqayn, xataa haddii ay ku dhameysan ilaa AI caadiga ah.

Features design

Horeba tan lenses ku qalabaysan soor Nikon F Buur nidaamka, shirkadda ayaa loo isticmaalaa hab ay of diaphragm automatic. Taasi waa, ka qeyb tani waa si joogto ah u furan marka aad guurto diiradda oo xiran yahay oo keliya in mudo ah ka hor inta xaadirka ah ee sawiro. Iyadoo image this ee viewfinder aanu gudcur iyo ma joogsan hanuunka, xataa haddii giraanta aperture lagu turjumay in booska u xiran yihiin. Qaab ahaan, tani waxaa la ogaaday in qaab lever ka dhisay galay buul camera ah, taas oo ka soodagi ka hor sawirka. gashto waxaa la sii daayay lever kale oo cadaadis guga oo xirtey garbaha diaphragm ka.

Nikon nooca soor AI

AI (Indexing Automatic) - version la hagaajiyey ee ugu horeysay Buur Nikon F - waxaa la soo jeediyey in 1977. wax soo saarka Taageerayaasha "Nikon" sugaya nidaamka cusub u oggolaanaysa in lenses laysku beddelid karo si dhakhso ah. Mararka qaarkood masterpiece ah sawirada xumo kala xoogaa ilbiriqsiyo ah laga badiyay, khasaariyey on bedelka siku. Oo fotogigant soo bandhigay gashto cusub Buur. design fududeeyey in loo ogol yahay in ay ku riday gashto, oo isku dhaqdhaqaaqa gacanta, iyo waqti dhumin on galaya giraanta aperture ee qeybta index ah.

Marka loo isticmaalo on kaamirooyin casri ah AI-lenses shaqeyn karaan in hababka sida buuga (M) iyo mudnaanta aperture (A) isha dhibic gaadhista ama xuddun. kamaradaha qaarkood ayaa sidoo kale lagu saleyn karaa Electricity-furta.

Lenses nooca jir ah (F) waa mid aad u fudud in wax laga beddelo waxqabadka by sii kordhaya AI, oo buugiisa ku saabsan qowlad soor, isgaarsiin booska uu ka giraanta diaphragm ka.

tabo cusub

Waxaa la filayaa in cusub ee ugu weyn waa abuuritaanka kabaal farsamo oo waa in ay wargeliyaan qolladdii oo dhererkiisu focal of siku. Khubarada ayaa soo jeediyay in "Nikon" camera cusub bartey isticmaali doonaa macluumaadka. Laakiin buurta la casriyeeyay kama beddelayso. samaynta wuxuu maray jidkii kale, oo lenses casriga gudbiyaan macluumaadka si elektaroonig ah. Habkani soo baxday in wax badan ka jaban iyo ka badan la isku halayn karo. AI-lenses hadda iibin soo socota si ay waxba, inkastoo ay yihiin wax yar ka liita casriga AI-S (tusaale ahaan, iyaga oo aan haysan barnaamijka deg deg ah).

camera iyo lenses Soviet iyo Yukreeniyaan

On dhulka ka mid ah USSR iyo Ukraine ee 35 kaamiro mm iyo lenses in la jaanqaadaan Nikon buurta AI, sii daayay warshad Kiev ee "Arsenal". Ka mid ah kaamirooyin ay ahaayeen sida soo socota:

• "Kiev-17";
• "Kiev-20";
• "Kiev-19";
• "Kiev-19m";
• lenses taliye Arsat.

nooca soor Nikon AI-s

Kani waa heerka ku xiga ee horumar ah ee lenses saari karo. qalab noocan oo kale ah waa in la isticmaalo maanta. By AI waa ay fududahay in tuuray on a hureen fekrado gaar ah soor ee la heli karo on chromed qiyaasta giraanta qoto dheer oo duurka (ee AI dusha madow) codsatay rinjiga orange sixitaanka aperture ugu yar.

Letter «S» tusinaysaa in Wehliyaha ee diaphragm xiritaanka toosan saamayn ku dhacday ee kabaalka diaphragm-tilmaame in soor ah. Sababo la hal-abuurka ee cabbirka qolalka autofocus aperture sax ah waxaa aad u kordhay. horumar tani ma aha muhiim u ah lagu daydo oo leh gacanta ku manual.

Waafaqsan yahay noocyada hore

• All AI-S-lenses socon AI-lenses.
• All AF, AF-waan iyo AF-S-lenses ayaa sidoo kale la jaan soor ee AI-S.
• All AI-S-lenses shaqeeyaan on the "SLR» Nikon ugu yaraan in hab buuggan.
• SLR intooda badan "Nikon", oo ay ku jiraan digital, u shaqayn karaa hab mudnaanta aperture ah, oo ayan ku jirin tiro ka mid ah qalabka heer hiwaayadda.

Ka hor inta aad qorsheyneysid inaad iibsato, akhri tilmaamaha user ee camera ah, kaas oo had iyo jeer bixisey macluumaad ku saabsan taageerada nooc gaar ah oo lenses ku.

nooca soor-P

Heerka hybrid Tani waxay la soo bandhigay sanadkii 1988 si gaar ah loogu talagalay lenses Telefoto Xararad in Nikon lahaa si uu u qabto booska ilaa waqti sida muddo dheer diirada AF-lenses ma helaan qaybinta mass. Isla mar, "avtofokusnikami" model ugu fiican ee la koobin ahaayeen 300 mm f / 2 August.

gashto Nikon nooca xoogaa sii daayay P. ka mid ah 500mm f / 4 P (1988); 1200-1700 mm f / 5,6-8,0 P ED; 45mm f / 2,8 P.

Lenses yihiin nooca gacanta laga P AI-S daray la xiriiro dhowr electronic soor AF. Habkan waxay u suurtogelisay in ay isticmaalaan hab Electricity-furta in ayaa u muuqday oo kaliya on kamaradaha autofocus ah.

nooca soor-AF

Nikon AF autofocus gashto (marka laga reebo AF-waan iyo AF-S) laaluusheen in macaamiloon ay sabab u tahay wareeg of motor ee qolkii waxaa dhex maray, hab gaar ah ee siku saari karo. Sawir farsamo sida loo yaqaan "kaashawiito" a. Hadda nidaamka this u muuqataa heer hoose marka loo eego nidaamka autofocus Canon ah, laakiin design noocan oo kale ah ku soo laabtay 1980 oggol yahay si ay u ilaaliyaan waafaqsan buuxa la lenses neavtofokusnymi. All qalabka autofocus (oo ay ku jiraan-AI S) si fiican u shaqeeyaan qolladaha neavtofokusnyh. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qalab aan taageero AI ah, weli u baahan yihiin horumar dheeraad ah.

nooca soor-AF-N

AF-dhigidda ee N la soo bandhigay oo keliya si ay u kala soocaan lenses taxane AF-jir ka cusub ee. Ka dib markii la sii daayo ugu horeysay "Nikon» AF-lenses waxaan go'aansaday in isagoo technology sida user-saaxiibtinimo, mid kale ma jiro sawiro in hab Buugga qaadan doonaa. Sidaa darteed, ugu horeysay AF-lenses ayaa qalabaysan khafiif giraanta raaxo diirada buugan, taas oo loo isticmaalo ahaa mid aan suurta galayn. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxa ay ka leexatay in sawir door bidaan jir giraanta wanaagsan ballaaran rubberized diirada. Sidaa darteed, injineerada iyaga dib ugu lenses autofocus soo laabtay iyo soo wac beddelka cusub AF-N. lenses casriga ah waxaa ku qalabaysan kaatunka diiradda raaxo leh, sidaas oo sal AF-N iyaga, waayo, waxaa mar dambe loo isticmaalo.

nooca soor-AF-D

Lenses in this category sida ay "sirdoonka" masaafada camera at taas oo ay diiradda ku. Fikrad ahaan, xaaladaha gaarka ah, waa in ay caawiyaan dhanka Electricity nidaamka furta si loo ogaado soo-gaadhista si sax ah, gaar ahaan marka la isticmaalayo flash ah. Laakiin dhab ahaan, soor AF-D uu qiimo marketing ka badan wax ku ool ah. Waxaa intaa dheer, AF-D joogitaanka xataa waxay keeni kartaa go'aan qaldan gaadhista marka flash iyo furta (film) waa ka kala fogfog mawduuca.

diiradda xawaaraha waxba u qaban la joogitaanka ama maqnaanshaha of taageero AF-D gashto Buur leeyahay. Waa lenses cusub kaliya oo dheeraad ah, si ay si dhakhso ah u shaqayn badan ka horreeyay, waxay. All AF-D-lenses, iyo sidoo kale AF iyo AI-S, ganaax shaqada on qolalka neavtofokusnyh.

Canon xeeraan

Soor - ma aha gaarka ah ee fikradda shirkadda ee "Nikon" ah. Shirkadaha kale ayaa sidoo kale horumariyo nidaamka gaarka ah ee gashto laysku beddelid karo Buur. soo horjeeda daa'imka - shirkadda Canon - sidoo kale caan ku tahay noocyada maskax leh oo dalka buuraha leh dhismayaasha. Waqtigaas, marka Nikon dallacsiiyey nidaamka AI-S, «Canon» bandhigay gashto fiican Buur xeeraan.

Canon soor muuqday markii ugu horeysay on camera EOS ah 650 1987, markii shirkadda bilaabay taxanahan camera SLR autofocus ah. element Tani waa ka facooda kala duwan, gaar ahaan joogitaanka xiriirada korontada, kaas oo siku maareynta macluumaadka la isugu gudbiyo. In xeeraan ku Buur ee gacanta ku iris farsamo, drive AF iyo qaar ka mid ah guryaha kale ee ka baxay. Inta badan dambe, gacanta a version la mid ah loo isticmaalo Olympus nidaamka Afar meelood.

Canon xeeraan-S

doorasho ku xeeraan-S bixisaa dhererka gaaban ka dambe ee siku in shidma image ah. Waa qayb ahaan la jaan Heerka xeeraan sida lenses xeeraan Buur waxaa loo isticmaali karaa in unugyada la xeeraan soor iyo xeeraan-S.

Shirkadaha soor E Sony

E-Buur waa lifaaqa Dhuxul "Sony" ee horumarka ah ee lenses for kamaradaha mirrorless kamaradaha taxane Alpha NEX iyo NXCAM. Tani waa horumar caddaalad ah la soo dhaafay, soo bandhigay in 2010 oo fuliyey markii ugu horeysay ee Sony taxane α alaabta a (NEX-3 kamaradaha, -5). feature A nidaamka xiriir E ee soor waa interface desyatikontaktny digital.

Soor la index "E" waxaa loo isticmaalaa in kompaktkamerah mirrorless qalabaysan matrices, tayada fiican image at heerka "SLR". Isla camera SLR "Sony" A injineerada soor isticmaalaan nidaamka gashto fiican laysku beddelid karo muraayadaha semitransparent. Labada nidaam ku kala duwan yihiin baaxadda flange ka soo hadhay qaar ka mid ah sifooyinka design. Tani waxay meel fog ka diyaarada focal (shaxda) ilaa dhammaadka siku. In kamaradaha SLR iyo gashto isugu soo kala qaybinaya muraayada, si meel fog shaqada waaweyn waa la helay, waxay kordhisaa gashto laysku beddelid karo size jirka ah. Waayo, qalabka soor muraayad E looma baahna, si gashto waa badan shido iyo ka badan oo is haysta.

Waafaqsan yahay waxyaabaha ka soo saarayaasha kale

Si lama filaan ah oo ka mid ah samaynta Japanese ma raacaan in ay waddo u gaar ah, oo waxay doorteen istiraatijiyad furfurnaanta. Features of horumarinta this, sida soor Sony E, u ogolaan in ay soo saaraan adapters gaar ah kuwaasi oo ku xidha siku leh ku dhawaad wax kulan oo casri ah oo ka soo shirkadaha soo socda:

• pentax;
• Olympus;
• Nikon,
• leica;
• Hasselblad;
• Exakta;
• Minolta AF;
• Canon xeeraan;
• contarex;
• Contax;
• Rollei;
• Micro 4: 3;
• Dhafnaa T-Buur, nooca C, M39 × 1, M42 × 1 iyo kuwa kale.

Sanadkii 2011, shirkadda furay qalab gaar ah sida muraayadda Sony Buur, kaas oo u ogolaanaya shirkadaha dhinac saddexaad in ay soo saaraan lenses iyaga u gaar ah oo hoos camera Japan.

gunaanad

Ugu jaleecada hore, gashto buurta ma aha farsamo dhismaha adag. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, unit ku qabata dhowr hawlaha muhiimka ah. Waxay kuu ogolaanaysaa inaad in la beddelo noocyada lenses ku xiran tahay hawlaha sameeyaa, oo design xariifadda ah, si degdeg ah oo sahlan waa optics bedelka. The hawl muhiim labaad - wareejinta macluumaadka digital in unugyada casri ah taasi oo ka xiriirada korontada ku gashto iyo soor u ogolaanaya siku iyo camera in la beehsa si aad u hesho ugu photos tayada ama videos.