Sidee badan oo been-abuurka ah khamriga lagu cabbo Ukraine, Russia iyo Mareykanka?

Sakhraannimo - karbaashidda Dadka. Iyo dhibaatada ma aha helitaanka cabitaanka khamriga dukaamada iyo in ay, sida oo dhan badeecooyin kale, waxaa la sameeyey wuxuu ku salaysan yahay isticmaalka dadka caaqil, laakiin dhammaan waxay ka sii iibin oo xiriir ah, marka laga reebo carruurta, dabcan. iyo nimankii Qaar ka mid ah ayaa ka hor inta qiyaasay, in khamrigu waxyeello ma aha oo kaliya, laakiin sidoo kale waxtar leh, halka kuwo kale ay iyaga la tartamo in ahaayeen, ku dooday Dadka in waqti badan ma qaadan lahaa si ay u caddeeyaan sha khamriga sunta ah, haddii ay run ahaayeen. Isla mar ahaantaana, khasaare weyn ee nolosha in dhawaan ka dhacay Ukraine iyo ma laha la xiriirta si toos ah colaadda in Donbass, lagu qasbay in ay mar kale ku hadlaan saabsan mowduuca this xun.

musiibadii Yukreeniyaan

Tobankii sano ee la soo dhaafay ee September ee Ukraine sunta ba'an khamriga been abuurka ah 38 ruux ayaa ku dhimatay, iyo 39 qof oo kale ayaa cusbitaalka xaalad halis ah, sababo isku mid. Macluumaadkan waxaa la siiyaa Adeegga Qaran ee Amniga State of Protection Cuntada iyo Macaamilka ( "Interfax" hay'adda daabacay). September 21 in qofkii ugu horreeyey ee, ma dilaa ah, laakiin dhamaaday bukaanka indho aan bogsan karin diiwaan dhakhaatiirta oblast Zhytomyr. The soo socda toban maalmood uma ay oggolaan dhakhaatiirta in ay nastaan, sumowga juqraafiga faafinta inay qayb weyn koonfur-bari ee dalka (gobolka Kharkiv iyo Donetsk, magaalada Mykolaiv). Dhacdadii naxdinta lahayd ee warbaahinta maxaliga ah, sida caadiga ah, isku dayeen in ay siin hadh siyaasadeed - dhigay qoraal ah oo ku saabsan asalka ah ee alaabta ceeriin iyo tahriibinta dejinta ka Russia, ku dhowaad ula kac ah. At ba'an kale lagu muujiyey ansixinta oo keliya qof bulshada ka mid ah ifafaale, kaas oo lagu sharaxay by saboolnimada dadweynaha Yukreeniyaan, lagu qasbay in ay ka cabbi wasakh kasta in kharashka guud. Wax of this waa run iyo waxa khayaaliga ah, laakiin sidoo kale waxaa jira maaddo waxbarasho.

qori-ruux

Siidi calaamooyinkii, ee noolaha ka mid ah dadka dhintay iyo kuwa buka helay walax sun loo yaqaan colloquially qoryo ama khamriga methyl, farmashiye sidoo kale u isticmaalaa in aan tixraac erayga "methanol". At qaadasho yar yahay, waxa sababa indho la'aan karin, ay sabab u tahay peculiarity ee saamaynta ay ku habka dhexe ee neerfayaasha, si no rugta indhaha ma kaa caawin doona - indhaha isu waxba u qaban la lahaa, waa in maskaxda. Haddii in ka badan 30 garaam oo baabbi'iyey kiisaska intooda badan natiijada dilaa. khamriga qoryo waxyeello xitaa xiriir maqaarka, waxaa la nuugo dhex daloolada iyo si deg deg ah u keenaysaa in sii daraysa ee dareenka. Soo saaray qalab baahida tiknoolaji iyo waxa loo arkaa mid aad u waxyeelo leh.

Methanol ka duwan badan oo khamriga ethyl jecel (ethanol) ay joogaan oo kaliya formula CH laba kooxood oo hydrocarbon dhismaha. Taasina waxay keentaa in buuna kiimikada ah iyo is-shabbaha dibadda - urta dareere ah oo hufan labadaba ku dhowaad isku mid ah. Easy si khalad samayso.

In dalalka oo dhan

Haddii uu qof ka soo Russia soo jeediyay in lagu sumoobo la methanol - arrin caadi ah in marxalad taariikhi ah ee hadda ku Yukreeniyaan, wuu khaldanyahay. Dadku waxa ay meel walba u dhimanaya, iyo, sida caadiga ah, ee u tiro badan. Tusaale ahaan, in 2014 56 muwaadiniinta Czech by iibsashada iyo cabitaan been-abuurka ah ayaa dhintay. Xataa at miciinka ah ee Turkey lagu jiro inta kale ee raaxada ah aqoonyahanada sumoobay Dalxiisayaasha ruushka, weliba, ay ka isticmaalaan wax siiyey for whiskeys qaali ah. From "zalepuhi" dhimanayaan British, Hindida, Mareykanka iyo dadka deegaanka ee ku dhow dhammaan dalalka kale, loo eegin tirada wax soo saarka guud ee qaranka per capita iyo tilmaamayaasha kale oo dhaqaale. Waxaa had iyo jeer ma sababta waa jecel yihiin si loo badbaadiyo, mararka qaarkood ay fududahay in la eedeeyo Jaahil ah ama nasiib xumo. Arrin kale oo ay tahay in shacabka Ukraine sida ay u badan tahay in ay hadda ku xanuunsado, jirrabay qiimaha yar yahay, ka badan Russia, Germany ama Faransiis ah, tusaale ahaan.

Maxaad ka iibsan?

Dabcan, in dad la kac ah sumeeyay, ma la oran karo waa. saaraha kasta, haddii sharci ama qarsoodi ah, ayuu uu xiiseynayo inuu sumcad wanaagsan oo ay wax soo saarka. khasaaraha ka mid ah nolosha noqon doono dhaawici suuqa oo dhan oo aalkolo ah been-abuurka ah - hadda macaamiisha badan oo ka iman kara door bidaan doonaa inuu tago dukaanka shahaado iyo lacag badan, laakiin si looga fogaado khatarta. Laakiin, dabcan, ku sii iyo kuwa madaxa ugu baahan, kuwaas oo in shuruudaha qiimaha sare sii wadi doonaan si ay u iibsadaan vodka iyo "cognac" (lagu gartaa xaqiiqada ah in dareere khamriga ku jiro waa la midab leh sonkorta zhzhonym dheeriga ah ee vanillin) ka iibiya "aaminsantahay". Farqiga u dhexeeya waa weyn, double. Haddii qiimaha nus-litrovki ee Ukraine hadda waa 70 hryvnia (diinta oo ku saabsan 270 rubles. Ruush Federation), waa "ku daateen ka tagay" polutoralitrovye iibiyo weel caag PET, ku kici doona sida ugu badan, laakiin litir ah.

technology

In USSR ah, vodka ah waxaa soo saaray hab cusub, ma la mid ah sida in Saarka Russia. The eed ka badan 20 sano la qaatay sida mabda'a of fuuq khamriga ethyl, iyo haddii aad cunto wax ka badan erayada fudud, ethanol waa la si fudud ku qasmay biyo la safeeyey. Shayga waxaa sidoo kale ku daray cusbo, sonkor, basbaas (ku xiran tahay astaanta ah ee dejinta), oo wax walba ku cabbi kartaa. Dabcan, habka ku dhaqanka warshadaha sii yara adag, waxaa ka mid ah nadiifinta multi-yada ah, buuxinta iyo kacmaha waxaa iswada, oo waxaa jira Gudigga kale oo badan, laakiin saarayaasha dhulka hoostiisa aan shakiyey by faahfaahin daqiiqadii sida, waxay si fudud "badyazhat" (badhxay) iibsaday wax meel cayriin ( khamriga) biyo zhilkoopovskoy tuubada, ka dibna ku shubtay iyada oo a masaf-masaf. The ugu casri ah kontrafaktschikov isku dayaan in ay ku siiyaan wax soo saarka muuqaalka "adag", laakiin inta badan looma baahna. The macaamiisha ugu muhiimsan - cabta - yaqaan "dhibcood", oo iyagu ma ay u baahan tahay "Attention-f-f".

tirakoobka

tirooyinka la yaab leh u sheegay in khubarada suuqa cabitaanka xoog leh. In Mareykanka, 12% ka mid ah qamriga oo dhan ayuu iibiyey waa asal been-abuurka ah, taas oo wax badan oo dalka, kaas oo waxaa loo arkaa sharciga u hoggaansan ah. Sida Russia, saamiga soo saarayaasha sharci-darro ah oo ka dhigan in ka badan nus ka mid ah isticmaalka (55%), kaas oo ay macquul tahay in soo gaarnay murugo leh oo ku saabsan waxa ay u soo iibsadaan "palonku" ma ahan oo keliya karaan qaar ka mid ah "dhibco" dahsoon, halkaas oo qof waa ogyahay halis, laakiin sidoo kale in dukaamada ama dukaamada lagu fuliyay of saarka arrin sharci ah. Intee in le'eg oo lagu iibiyo khamriga been abuurka ah ee Ukraine ay lama yaqaan, laakiin sida muuqata, oo aad u badan - tan waxaa ka muuqata tiro badan oo lagu sumoobo mass ee vodka sano been-abuurka ah ee lagu dilay 10 kun oo qof. Tani waa isku mid ee tirada iyo sidoo kale in Russia, laakiin marka la eego per capita ee saddex iyo badh jeer ka badan. By habka, Americans waxaa lagu sumeeyay in dhimashada by howlgeliyeyaal iyo jeer badh u badan tahay in Russia.

factor bulshada

Marka la barbardhigo ah statistics murugo ee dalal kala duwan, iyo gaar ahaan dhaqdhaqaaqa of tilmaamayaasha lagu muujiyo sida xaqiiqada ah tiirsanaanta of xaddiga khamriga baabbi'iyey oo dhan, wax soo saarka ee been-abuurka ah iyo dhimashada dadka dakhliga lagu sumoobo. Haddii dadka waa nala dumiyey, wuxuu cabbaa magan qaadashada badan oo adduunka khiyaali ah iyo ka tago ka afkaar ku saabsan mustaqbalka. celceliska Yukreeniyaan waa hadda in ka badan kala bar dakhliga qaatay on cuntada, inta kale waxaa ka mid ah waxaa ku dhowaad ku qasbay in la siiyo adeegyada korontada, inta badan kordhaya ee lacagta la mid ah. In aad ka fikirto wixii aad qaban lahayd, dadka intooda badan ma xoogga jecel yihiin midna. Waxa kaliya hal - iibsan vodka raqiis ah, "self-dhigay, laakiin wanaagsan", oo in muddo ah si loo bedelo habdhaqanka dunida nac weyn ku wareegsan.

Sida loo kala saaro?

Soo-saareyaasha xad cabitaanka khamriga qaali daryeelo oo ku saabsan sida si ay u adag tahay in la been-abuurka ah waxyaabaha ay, asaasidda darajooyinka kala duwan ee ilaalinta sida in raso. Waxa ugu muhiimsan waa qiimaha, iyo Russia ayaa ka faa'ido badan Yukrayn ah - in Federation Ruush yahay qiimaha tafaariiqda ugu yar. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waa in la dhasha maskaxda ku haysaa in dhalada wax nus litir ee Ukraine la xisaabay in cashuurta 32 hryvnia, canshuurta canshuuraha iyo waajibaadka, taas oo macnaheedu yahay in haddii ay kharash ka yar 70 USD., Taasina waa hubaal been abuur ah.

Universal waa hab in la damaanad qaado si looga fogaado sumowga jira. Iibi "palonku" waxaa laga yaabaa "Nalivaiko" bar iyo xataa makhaayad qaali ah.

In erayadii qoraa caan ah, dadka, iska jira!