Iman kara nuclear Russia ee. gantaalaha Nukliyeerka Ruushka

Si aad u taariikhda, awood nuclear ee Russia waa labaad ee ugu weyn dunida oo dhan. Currently ee dalka waxaa ka jira in ka badan 1500 oo lagu eedeeyay unugyada la geeyay, sidoo kale Arsenal nuclear taatikada weyn. Waxaa xusid mudan in awood istiraatiiji nuclear of Russia waxay ku salaysan tahay qaab triad ee nuclear, taasoo ka mid ah qaybaha hawada, badda iyo dhulka labada, laakiin xooga ugu muhiimsan waa kala duwan ee nidaamka difaaca ee "Topol dalka ku salaysan, oo ay ku jiraan sidoo kale kaxeynayo gaar dhulka guriga mobile loo yaqaan ".

tirooyinka dhabta ah

Sida ay iyagu yidhaahdaan ilo furan, Ciidamada Gantaal Strategic lahaa at qubo 385 rakiban ay casri ah IDB ah, waqti isku mid ah oo ay ku jiraan:

• 180 SS-25 gano;
• 72 SS-19 gantaal,
• 68 SS-18 gano;
• 50 gantaalaha SS-27, oo ku salaysan in miinooyinka;
• 15 gantaalaha SS-27 guriga mobile.

Dagaal xoog badan Naval Ciidamada ka mid ah 12 quusta gantaal istiraatiiji ah, waxaa xusid mudan in laga yaabo in nuclear Russia ayaa waxaa soo baxaya 7 quusta "hoomboro" Mashruucan, iyo sidoo kale 5 mashaariicda 'Kalmar'. On qayb ka mid ah Ciidamada Cirka ah u hormarsataan 77 qarax oo culus.

qiimaynta International

Guddiga Caalamiga ah ee ku hawlan xanibaadii badashada nuclear iyo hub ka dhigista, ayaa sheegay in in hantida u ahaa reer Russia joogo ku dhowaad 2,000 oo madaxyada nukliyeerka taatiko, halka, sida laga soo xigtay khubaro, waxaa jira dhowr arrimood, kiimikaysan yaraynta awood nuclear ee Russia. Gaar ahaan, waxaa xusid mudan dhawr ah oo ka mid ah:

• da'da warbaahinta Strategic muddo. Qiyaastii 80% tirada guud ee gantaalaha nolosha ah ee la soo dhaafay.
• Space iyo unugyada digniin gantaal dhulka ku salaysan leedahay awood xaddidan, gaar ahaan la xiriira maqnaanshaha total of daawashada arrin khatar ah la gantaal la eego meelaha, kuwaas oo ku yaalla Badweynta Atlantic ah, iyo sidoo kale inta badan ee Badweynta Pacific.
• Qarax culus oo ku urursan oo keliya oo laba saldhigba, sidaas waa kuwo u nugul dhigaalka ee preemption.
• quusta Gantaalaha leeyihiin dhaqdhaqaaqa yar, waa in dawladda firfircoon yihiin oo keliya laba ama xataa la bilaabay hal ku hawlan gaaf badda gaari.

togan

Isla mar ahaantaana, awood military nuclear of Russia uu leeyahay tiro ka mid ah dhinacyada wanaagsan:

• Waxaa dhowaan la dhamaystiray horumarinta dhismaha gantaal ah oo gebi cusub "yars";
• mar kale bilaabay wax soo saarka ee qarax culus Tu-160 model;
• bilaabay baaritaano duulimaadka ee nidaamka gantaal markab ee loo yaqaan "Bulava", mid kasta oo taas oo ay jirto gantaal nuclear,
• komishanka jiil cusub oo nidaamyo radar ayaa la soo saaray ka hortagga weerarada gantaalada ee gobolka Krasnodar iyo Gobolka Leningrad ah;
• galay kastana falagiisuu dhex inta lagu guda jiro sano ee la soo dhaafay ayaa laga soo saarey tiro ku filan badan oo satalayt lagu daydo "Cosmos", taas oo iman in kooxda golaha bannaan ee nidaamka hore ee digniinta ah, loogu magac daray "Eye".

Fundamentals of siyaasadda nuclear

Iyadoo 90-mada ay qarnigii la soo dhaafay, Russia ayaa sheegay in gantaal kasta nuclear u baahan yahay inay ku baaqaan in siyaasad ah xasilin, laakiin muhiimadda ay xilli ciyaareedkan waxaa xoogaa maanta dib u habaynta. At sha joogto in Russia ee jawaabta u keeni karaan waxyeelo gardarooday, si tartiib ah u bilaabay inuu beddelo iyo baaxadda xasilin in la ogan karo on ereyada, beddelidda ee ku baraya military oo casri ah. Gaar ahaan, waxaa xusid mudan in xaqiiqda ah in cilmiga military ee 1993 waxay bixisaa hakinta qiimaha aan caadi keliya, laakiin sidoo kale gardarada nuclear, laakiin inkastoo xaqiiqda ah in marka hore ereyada hubaa macquul ah jawaab nuclear weerarka non-nuclear, marka hore diiradda ahayd oo kaliya waxa aad u baahan tahay hortagi lahaa dalalka hub nuclear.

1996

fariin madaxtooyada ee ammaanka qaranka ee 1996 ayaa sheegay in loo baahan yahay si looga hortago in suurtagalnimada ee weerar nuclear, iyo in Russia isticmaali kartaa haddii ay dhacdo xaalad ka mid ah oo baaxad weyn oo ah ciidamada nuclear istiraatiijiga ah ee gardarada, xataa in ay dhacdo ciidamada caadiga ah. Sidoo kale waxaa uu sheegay in dalka uu u socdo inay ku baaqaan in siyaasad ah dheehan waano nuclear ee heer gobol, maxalliga ah iyo kuwa caalamiga ah.

1997

National Security Fikradaha 1997 bixisaa dheehan waano ee gardarada, oo ay ku jiraan adeegsiga awoodda nuclear ay dhacdo in gardarada hubaysan keenaysaa in halista ah ee jiritaanka Ruushka. Sayidka, Russia wuxuu xaq u leeyahay in ay isticmaalaan ciidamada istiraatiiji nuclear ka hor tagay kasta, in uu yahay, xitaa haddii horjeeda uusan isticmaalin hubka nukliyeerka. Intaa waxaa dheer, daawooyinka, kuwaas oo ku siin, waayo, ilaalinta ee awoodda Ruush ugu horeysay in ay isticmaalaan hub nuclear.

2010

Military Madhabta ee Federation Ruush la ansixiyay iyada oo la raacayo amarka madaxweynaha, ayaa sheegay in Ruushka uu xaq u leeyahay in ay isticmaalaan hub nuclear ay dhacdo ama xulafadooda ay kula jirto, hubka nuclear go'aan ka gaari doona in ay isticmaalaan, ama isticmaal kale oo kasta hubka burburka culus geysta. SNF ayaa sidoo kale lagu gawraco kartaa in ay dhacdo gardarada ka dhanka Russia waxaa lagu fuliyaa la hubka caadiga ah haddii ay weeyaan khatar ku ah jiritaanka gobolka laftiisa.

Next, aynu eegno sida Russia bilaabi kari waayay weerar nuclear, iyo taas oo uu leeyahay astaamaha hubka.

MDB-P 36 UTTKh

IDB UTTKh R-36, si fiican u yaqaan by badan sida "Voevoda" waa dareere ah laba-yada gantaal Shiiloh ku salaysan. Gantaal Tani waa horumar ah CB "South", oo ku yaalla Dnipropetrovsk ee Ukraine waa weli in Midowga Soofiyeeti, iyo sida loo isticmaalo gantaal this 1980. Waxaa xusid mudan in sanadkii 1988 gantaal la casriyeeyey, iyo haatan waa version this waxaa loo isticmaalaa in adeegga.

weerar Nuclear hub this lagu saleyn karaa fogaan ah 15,000 km, iyadoo payload a of 8800 kg. The salaysan MIRV ah gantaalada joogo qalabaysan madaxyada kiisu la la beegsado shaqsi.

Awooda amarka nuclear ee madaxyada ah ayaa dib usoo cusbooneysiisay gantaal gaadho 800 KT, halka version-upka lahaa 500 oo kaliya KT. weecasho Probabilistic ayaa sidoo kale hoos ka 370 si ay u 220 m.

IDB UR-100N UTTKh

Labada-yada gantaal dareere-gano, kaas oo la soo koraya KBM in Reutov, oo ku yaalla gobolka Moscow ee. Sidoo kale qiimihiisu adeegga, tan iyo 1980. warhead Nuclear qarxi karaan fogaan ah ilaa 10 000 km ka site furitaanka, miisaanka tuuro gantaalada waa 4035 kg. The salaysan MIRV ah gantaalada joogo isagoo lix madaxyada shaqsi hanuuniyey saarka target of kuwaasoo mid walba uu yahay 400 KT. kubad wareeg ah Probabilistic 350 m.

ICBMs RT-2pm

Adag shidaalka saddex-yada gantaal dhulka ku salaysan mobile sidii ay diyaariyeen Institute Moscow ee Technology kulul. Waa in on Arsenal ee dalka tan iyo 1988. Gantaal Tani waxay awood u garaacid bartilmaameedka, at ilaa masaafo in 10.5 km ka site furitaanka, ku tuuro-miisaanka waa 1000 kg. In this waxaa jira oo kaliya hal gantaal awoodda warhead 800 KT, halka itimaalka darbo Wareegtadan 350 m.

ICBM RT-2PM1 / m2

Adag shidaalka saddex-yada gantaal Shiiloh ku salaysan ama mobile sidii ay diyaariyeen Institute Moscow ee Technology kulul. Waxaa loo adeegsaday hubka Ruushka tan iyo 2000. warhead nukliyeerka ku dhacay kartaa bartilmaameed ku yaal ilaa meel fog ilaa 11 000 km meel ka mid ah la bilaabay, halka isagoo payload a of 1200 kg. The unit dagaal oo keliya uu leeyahay awood ka mid ah ku dhowaad 800 KT iyo weecasho wareeg probabilistic gaadho 350 m.

Rs-24 ICBM

Intercontinental shidaal adag gantaalaha ballistic guriga mobile, qalabaysan warhead laabashada badan. Horumarinta iska leh Institute Moscow ee Robotics. MBR waa habeyn PT 2PM2. Waa in la ogaadaa in sifooyinka farsamo gantaal ayaa lagu tilmaamay.

SLBMs

laba-yada gantaal The dareere ballistic loogu talagalay hubka ugu casrisan ee quusta. Strategic ciidamada nuclear ah nooca horumariyo KBM ee gobolka Chabrovsk ah. Waa in adeegga tan iyo 1977. Ciidamada nuclear istiraatiiji Ruush riixo adag gantaal D-9R, isagoo in ay ka kooban waqti isku mid ah laba gantaallo sida "Xubaarka".

Gantaal Tani waxay leedahay saddex nooc oo waaweyn oo qalabka dagaalka:

• monoblock qayb madaxa, taas oo uu leeyahay awood u xilsaaran nuclear 450 KT;
• madaxa MIRV saddex cutub xoogga 200 rt kasta;
• MIRV oo haysta toddoba madaxyada, mid kasta oo taas oo awood waa 100 KT.

RSM-29RM

The saddex-yada gantaalaha ballistic dareeraha loogu talagalay bilaabay gujis horumariyo degaanka KBM Chabrovsk. Habka adag ah ee D 9R leeyahay, laba hubka ay waqti isku mid ah "hoomboro" design loo isticmaalo in ciidamada qalabka sida tan 1986.

Gantaal Tani waxa lagu gartaa laba embodiments weyn ee qalabka,

• MIRV, taas oo ka kooban afar awoodda madaxyada 200 kilotons;
• MIRV qalabaysan toban madaxyada 100 KT.

Waxaa xusid mudan in tan iyo sanadkii 2007 lagu gano xogta ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah bedelay version a modified yeedhay R29RM. Xaaladdan oo kale, kala duwanaansho kaliya hal bixisaa qalabka dagaalka - waa siddeed madaxyada kuwaas oo awood waa 100 KT.

F-30

P-30, si fiican u yaqaan "Bulava", waa horumarka ugu casrisan Ruush. Ballistic gantaal adag-gano waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu rakibaa on quusta. Gantaal Tani waxay la horumariyo by Machadka Moscow ee Technology kulul.

Gantaal ayaa ku qalabeysan yahay toban blocks nuclear Hanuun qofka awood u height Marba iyo dabcan. kala duwan Operating ee gantaalada ma aha wax ka yar 8000 km oo leh wadar ahaan tuuro-miisaanka of 1150 kg.

rajada horumarka

In 2010, heshiis la saxiixay, kaas oo awood u nuclear of Russia iyo Mareykanka si tartiib tartiib ah hoos u doonaa todobada sano ee soo socota. Gaar ahaan, waxa la isku raacay in labada dhinac ay u hoggaansamaan doonaa xayiraad ku hordhaca ah ee hubka istiraatiiji ah weerar, sida soo socota:

• tirada qarxiyay nuclear oo lagu eedeeyay on ICBM geeyay iyo BPRL waa in wax ka badan 1,550;
• tirada guud ee SLBMs geeyay, IDB iyo Qarax culus waa in aanay noqon in ka badan 700 unug;
• tirada guud ee ICBM non-geeyay ama la geeyay iyo Qarax culus - in ka yar 800 oo unugyada.

opinion khabiir

Khubarada xusuusnow: la joogo ma jiro in Russia waxaa sarre u awood nukliyeerka. Gaar ahaan, dhamaadka 2012 ee Russia waxaa ka qayb galay ku dhawaad 490 gawaarida bixinta la geeyay iyo 1,500 oo madaxyada nukliyeerka geeyay iyaga on.

Sida laga soo xigtay saadaasha Service Research Maraykanka Congress, hirgelinta heshiiskan tirada guud ee sidayaal ee Russia hoos u dhigi doontaa inay 440 unug, halka tirada guud ee madaxyada waqtiga 2017 gaari doonaa 1335 unugyada. Waxaa xusid mudan in ay jiraan wax badan oo isbeddel ah ee farsamo ee tirinta. Tusaale ahaan, qandaraas cusub, qarxiyay kasta geeyay shaqsi waa mid lacag unit, marka Dhab ahaantii isku Tu-160 qaadi karaan on board at isla mar 12 gantaalaha nukliyerka ah iyo B-52H - iyo 20.