Sababta oo ah waxa warshad Chernobyl awoodda nuclear qarxay, goorma? Cawaaqib xumada qaraxa Chernobyl ee

The Chernobyl warshadda nukliyeerka iyaga. V. I. Lenina - Yukreeniyaan NPP joojiyay hawsheeda oo lala xiriiriyay qarax ka dhacay tirada Unit 4. Its dhismaha bilaabay guga ee 1970, iyo ka dib 7 sano, iyada waxaa la gelin hawlgalka. By 1986, saldhigga ka koobnaa afar blocks, oo la dhammeeyo laba. Marka warshad Chernobyl awoodda nuclear qarxay, ama halkii, mid ka mid ah tigoodu ah, oo ay shaqo aan la joojiyay. Currently hoos dhismaha sarcophagus ah, kaas oo la dhamaystiri doono 2015.

Idaacadda Description

1970-1981 GG. - in Dhanka kale, lixda cutub, labo ka mid ah oo ma haysan waqti ilaa ordaan 1986 for qaboojinta ee marawaxadaha iyo exchangers kulaylka u dhexeeya webiga Pripyat iyo warshadda nukliyeerka ee Chernobyl la dhisay buuxinta balli la dhisay.

Ka hor inta shilka, saldhiga tamarta xoogga ahaa 6,000 MW. Currently, waa shaqo socota inay u beddesho warshadda nukliyeerka ee Chernobyl ee dhismaha deegaanka ammaan ah.

Start dhismaha

Si aad u dooratid goobta ku haboon dhismaha warshad machadka ugu horeeyay ee nuclear design baaro caasimada Yukreeniyaan Kyiv, Zhytomyr iyo gobolka Vinnytsia. The meel ugu haboon ahaa aag ah dhinaca midigta ee River Pripyat ah. Oo dalkana on taas oo ugu dhaqsaha badan waxay bilaabeen dhismaha waa xumeyn, balse looga baahan yahay dayactirka ah ee warshadda nukliyeerka awood buuxda u waafaqsan. degaanka waxaa loo ansixiyey Guddiga State Farsamada ee USSR iyo Wasaaradda Yukreeniyaan of Energy.

February 1970 calaamadsan bilowgii dhismaha Pripyat. Magaalada ayaa waxaa si gaar ah u abuuray warshadaha xoogga. Xaqiiqdu waxay tahay in sannadaha ugu horreeya ee midiidinnadiisa saldhigga ku noolaan lahayd oo la dejiyey iyo guryo kiro ah ku nool tuulooyinka ku dhow inay Chernobyl. Si loo hubiyo shaqada ka mid ah xubnaha qoysaskooda ee Pripyat, dhisay kala duwan ee shirkadaha. Sidaas darteed, 16 sano jiritaanka magaalada waxaa lagu qalabaysan wax kasta oo lagama maarmaan u ah ku nool raaxo leh dadka.

shil 1986

At 01:23 Habeenka on April 26 1986 , waxaa la bilaabay in awood turbogenerator 4aad mashruuc tijaabo ah, sababta oo ah waxa warshad Chernobyl ee quwadda nukliyarka ku qarxay. Sidaas darteed, dhismaha burburay, waxaa jiray in ka badan 30 dabka. The dhibanayaasha ugu horeeya ahaayeen V. Hodemchuk - operator of bambooyin wareegga, iyo B. Shashenok - shaqaale ka tirsan shirkadda awood.

daqiiqo ka dib, ka dib wixii ka dhacay Protection waajib Chernobyl wargeliyo qaraxa. Sida ugu dhakhsaha badan ee suuragalka ah in ay saldhiga dabka ee soo gaaray. Tirtiridda hogaamiyaha ayaa loo magacaabay V. Pravik. Iyada oo uu falalka saanac ah u joojiyay faafidda dabka.

Marka warshad Chernobyl awoodda nuclear qarxay, deegaanka ayaa wasakhaysan by walxaha shucaaca sida:

- plutonium, uranium, iodine-131 (nus-nolosha qiyaastii 8 maalmood);

- cesium-134 (nus-nolosha - 2 sano);

- cesium-137 (17 ilaa 30 sano);

- strontium-90 (28 sano).

farxaan oo dhan masiibada been in xaqiiqda ah in dadka degan Pripyat, Chernobyl, iyo sidoo kale Midowgii Soofiyeeti ee hore muddo dheer qarinaayay, sababta qarxay warshadda nukliyeerka Chernobyl iyo kan eedayn.

Source shil

April lahaa 25 nuclear-4 th in la hoos u xidhay for dayactirka joogtada ah, laakiin halkii ay go'aansadeen in ay sameeyaan baaritaan. Waxay ka koobnayd in abuurka ah ee xaaladda degdegga ah, taas oo saldhig laftiisa dhibaatada ka qaban lahaa. Xaaladaha noocan oo kale ah wakhtigaas waxaa horay afar ay ahaayeen, laakiin markan waxbaa khaldamay ...

Sababta horeeya muhiimkana ah e qarax ee warshadda nukliyeerka ee Chernobyl - aragti kusugan ka baxsan sharciga ee shaqaalaha dhinaca tijaabo halis. Shaqaalaha taageeray awoodda xoogga 200 MW, taas oo keentay in is-sumowga.

Sida haddii aan waxba dhacay, shaqaalaha daawaday goobta, halkii ay ka baxaan ulood gacanta ku shaqada iyo guji A3-5 - waayo nuclear-dilka degdegga ah. Sidaas darteed of kicida in Unit waxay bilaabeen ah cadaanyo silsilad caasiyoobay, taas oo ah sababta ku qarxay warshadda nukliyeerka Chernobyl.

In fiidkii (qiyaastii 20.00) in hoolka dhexe ayaa dab ka awood badan. Si aad u damiyaan dabka dad waqtigan aan soo jiitay. Uu reebay iyadoo la kaashanayo helicopters.

Markii ugu dhan, marka laga reebo shaqaalaha dab iyo dhirta, ku saabsan 600 kun. Dadka ay ku lug lahaayeen shaqada gurmadka.

Sababta oo ah waxa geedka qarxay Chernobyl nukliyeerka? Waxaa jira dhowr sababood oo qayb ka this:

- tijaabada ahaa ee lagu qabto kharash kasta, iyadoo aan loo eegin isbedelka kadis ah in dhaqanka ee nuclear-ka,

- furfuridda ilaalinta farsamada shaqaalaha, taasoo dhalin lahaa awoodda si ay u joojiyaan iyo ka hortagga shilalka;

- musiibo baaxad maamulka warshad aamusinta, iyo sidoo kale sababaha ay sabab u tahay taas oo dhirta Chernobyl ee quwadda nukliyarka ku qarxay.

saamaynta

Sidaas darteed of baabi'inta cawaaqibka faafidda walxaha shucaaca ka 134 damiska iyo shaqaalaha ee Idaacadda horumartay bukaanka shucaaca, 28 iyaga ka mid ah ayaa ku dhintay muddo bil ah gudaheed ka dib shilka.

Calaamadaha shucaac ayaa la matag iyo daciifnimo. First, gargaarka koowaad u siin jiray shaqaalaha caafimaadka saldhigga, iyo ka dib in dhibanayaasha loo qaadey isbitaalada ee Moscow.

At qiimaha samatabbixiyeyaasha nolosha isaga u gaar ah ayaa looma oggola inay dab guurka qaybta saddexaad. Sababo la faafin this dab fogaadaa in blocks dariska ah. Haddii loo demin aan waa guul, qaraxa labaad ka badnaan kari lahaa awoodda ka mid ah 10 jeer marka hore!

Accident September 9, 1982

Ilaa maalintii ku qarxay warshadda nukliyeerka Chernobyl, waxaa laga soo qoray in ay dhacdo burburinta at Unit №1. Intii lagu guda jiray baxsad baaritaanka mid ka mid ah tigoodu ee xoogga 700 MW dhacay nooc ka mid ah Qarax shirka shidaalka iyo channel ee № 62-44. Tani waxay keentay in calaamadaha lahayo ee xidhmooyin graphite iyo sii daayo of xaddi badan oo ah walxo radioactive.

Isagoo sharaxayay sababta Chernobyl warshadda nukliyeerka qarxay sanadkii 1982, waa kuwa soo socda:

- xadgudubyadii cuslaa ee shaqaalaha dukaanka in sharciyeynta qulqulka biyaha ee channels ah;

- hadhay of stress gudaha derbiyada channel ee tube zirconium ah, taasoo keentay in laga isbeddel ah ee dhirta technology taas oo soo saaray gudahood.

Dowladda Midowga Soofiyeeti, sida caadiga ah, ma go'aansaday in la wargeliyo dadweynaha ee dalka, sababta warshad nukliyeerka Chernobyl qarxay. Photos of shil koowaad ma noolaadaan. Waxaa xitaa macquul ah in ay marna jirey.

wakiilada station

Later maqaalka magacyada shaqaalaha iyo jagooyinka ka hor lagu qabtay, inta lagu guda jiro iyo kadib masiibadii. Agaasimaha A ee saldhigga 1986 ahaa Bryuhanov Viktor Petrovich. Laba bilood ka dib, tababaraha noqday Pozdyshev EN

Sorokin nm waxaa ka hawlgala xigeenka injineer muddada 1987-1994 GG. Gramotkin II ka 1988 ilaa 1995, u adeegay sidii sare oo dukaan nuclear-ka. Currently, isagu waa CEO of SSE "Chornobyl NPP".

Dyatlov Anatoliy Stepanovich - sare injineer xigeenka hawlaha iyo mid ka mid ah kuwa ka mas'uulka ah shilka. Sababta qarax ee warshadda nukliyeerka Chernobyl ahaa si ay u qabtaan tijaabo halis keentay injineer this gaar ah.

zone saarida haatan

Cabanaayo dhallinyarada Pripyat maanta waxaa wasakhaysan by walxaha shucaaca. Waxa ay doonayaa inay inta badan ee dhulka, dhismayaasha, boholo, iyo koriya kale. Magaalada xarumaha hadda jira ahaayeen saldhigga kaliya ee folooraydh biyaha, qol dharka gaarka ah, garaashka iyo ad PPC. Ka dib markii uu shil ka, Pripyat, qaab daran oo ku filan, ayaa laga badiyay xaaladda magaalada.

Iyada oo Chernobyl xaaladda waa arrin oo kala duwan. Waa ammaan u ah nolosha, waxaa jira dad mas'uul ka ah saldhigga, iyo kuwa lagu magacaabo darrada. Town maanta - waa xarunta maamulka zone saarida maamulka. Chernobyl xoogga laftiisa in shirkadu in ay taageeraan degaanka ku hareereysan in xaalad deegaanka ammaan ah. Xasilinta xaaladda been in ay gacanta of radionuclides webiga Pripyat iyo hawada. Magaaladii waa shaqaalaha ee Wasaaradda Arrimaha Gudaha, taas oo mas'uul ka ah ilaalinta zone ka saarida ka galidda sharci-darrada ah.