Rules of Tennis. Taariikhda iyo horumar.

Ilaa maanta, in taariikhda ma jiraan wax macluumaad lagu kalsoonaan karo, kuwaas oo la Abuurtay tennis. Waxaa la qiyaasayo in ay ahayd a County Wingfield Walton ee Wales, kuwaas oo in 1873 la iman xeerarka asalka ah ee ciyaarta ee tennis. Waxaa ku salaysan ciyaarta caan waqtiga aristocracy Faransiiska, kaas oo loo yaqaan tennis dhabta ah. Turjumay ka tenez hadalkii Faransiis wax kale ma aha sida "qaban" loogu tala galay. Waxaa loo maleynayay in ciyaaryahanka qayshan ku dhawaaqay in uu soo horjeeda garoonka. version Tan hore ee asalka ah ee magaca ciyaarta. Waxa jira aragtiyo, kaas oo la wargeliyay in tennis xira erayga jir Faransiis in loola jeedaa Slaam jare ah. Taasi waa mawduuca dhaqdhaqaaqa ay dib u soo sida ciyaar. Sidoo kale wuxuu qeexayaa iyo versions Ingiriisi, kuwaas oo ka qayb qaatay xeerarka tennis ah. Horeba 1874tii maxkamadda ugu horeysay, iyo in 1877 abaabulay tartanka ugu horeysay ee tennis ee Wimbledon la furay ee dalka Mareykanka, kaas oo ilaa maantadan la joogo waxaa loo arkaa inay ugu caansan. Iyadoo dhalashada kulankaan ayaa la Been abuurtay dadka caadaystay tennis for tennis.

Malaha, qof walba oo xiiso su'aasha ah ee sameynta koontada ciyaar - 15, 30 iyo 40. Dhab ahaantii, oo way adag tahay in aad ka jawaabto. Taariikhyahanada ayaa aaminsan in nidaamka ku xiran yahay calaamad ku saabsan watch dial, oo kaliya loogu talagalay Sound 45 lagu badalay 40, ama caqabado on heerarka in ay ahaayeen ka dib markii Dr Makumbe France qaaday. Wingfield soo jeediyay inay soo bandhigto set 15 dhibcood, lakiin sidaasi ma aysan socon dheer, in xeerarka tennis ayaa soo celiyey "non-standard" account.

Si rasmi ah qaatay ee 1875, xeerarka tennis qarniyo badan shiidaa iska beddelin. Beddelka keliya dhigay gol leeyahay in lagu soo jiidashada ee ciyaarta. Tusaale ahaan, in 50s aan laga soo amaahday nidaamka tennis shan innings, ka dibna dhigi guurka. Tartiib tartiib isku dayaan in la yareeyo waqtiga ciyaarta, maxaa yeelay, Oo waxaa dhacay kiisas badan oo marka kaftanka dib u ah muddo dheer. At ciyaarta ciyaarta siman dhamaaday iyadoo farqiga a of 2 dhibcood ee ciyaaraha. Marka tan la eego, on initiative ee Van Alen waa fikrad la soo bandhigay sida a "xerin-joojin", taas oo hadda ciyaarta muhim, laga bilaabo xisaabta ku yaal laabka 6-6.

Bilowga ee qarnigii 21aad ciyaaryahan tennis dadaal ugu fiican si ay kulan oo ay sidoo kale labanlaabantay qaadataa waqti ugu yar sababta oo ah factor Tan waxaa loo arkaa in ay ka badan oo soo jiidasho for dhagaystayaasha iyo naftooda ciyaartoyda. Bartamihii 2005-hoos u dhigtay tirada of kulan oo go'an, "xerin-nasasho" lagu ciyaaray markii ay ciyaarta aheyd 4-4. Ciyaarta ayaa inta badan laga saaray labo gool, ie, markii ay ciyaarta lagu ciyaaray hal dhibic muhim 40-40. Xeerarka cusub ayaa sababay su'aalo badan oo ciyaarta tennis, sidaas qaar ka mid ah tabo cusub ku soo bandhigay la joojiyay. The warbaahinta in dhacdooyinkan la siiyey magaca ee ATP oo laba laba kacaanka.

Tartiib tartiib beddelay xeerarka isku aadka. Tusaale ahaan, in wareega labaad ee tartanka u leeyihiin in ay noqon xitaa tirada ciyaartoyda. Xaaladaha noocaas ah, ciyaartoy badan oo qaaday wareega hore oo aan ciyaaro. Nidaamka sidoo kale "seeding" ka qaybgalayaasha la soo bandhigay ee 1922. Waxa uu ahaa xaqiiqada ah in ciyaartoyda tennis xooggan ee sirdoonka oo dhan Roobka tartanka, oo sidaas daraaddeed iyagu ma ay la kulmaan kasta oo kale ee wareega isreebreebka ee.

Si aad u taariikhda, tennis waa ciyaar caan ah oo qaali ah. barkadaha Prize ee tartanka ugu "boodaan" caqabad ka mid ah million dollars. Waxaa sidoo kale si joogta ah isagoo qiimeynta ATP iyo WTA, soo saara ugu fiican ee Xirfadlayaasha Tennis ragga iyo dumarka ka mid ah ay u kala horreeyaan. Haddii ciyaaryahan waa meesha ugu horeysa ee qiimeynta bilaha ah, waxaa loo xilsaaray xaaladda hoggaamiye - ". Socoto fadeexadda ugu horeeyay ee dunida" In la gaaro natiijooyin kuwan ka qayb uu afar koob oo Grand Slam waaweyn, kuwaas oo la qabto sanad kasta: «Australian Open», «Roland Garros», «Wimbledon» iyo «US Open». Victory afar koob - waa yoolka ugu dambeeya, taas oo ay gaari karaan ciyaaryahan tennis a. Waxa intaa dheer in kulan shaqsi, waxaa jira tartan kooxda, kuwaas oo ka soo qayb galay xulalka qaranka. Waayo, nin - waa Davis Cup, oo loogu tala galay dumarka - Federation Cup. The asal ahaan ka mid ah wada shaqaynta been at darbiyada Harvard, halkaas oo ardaydu ay hayaan tartanka xeerarka, taas oo markii danbe noqday rasmi ah.