ROC Waa maxay waxani? Ruush Orthodox Church

Kiristaanka ee Russia bilaabay inuu ku faafay qarnigii IX ah. Nidaamkan waxaa aad si xoog leh u saameeyay ay u dhawaanshaha Empire xoogga badan Byzantine, qirashadeeda Masiixiyada. Si aad su'aal ka qabtaan: "ROC - in uu yahay," u eegin wax yar ka galay taariikhda qadiimiga Russia, halkaas oo hawlaha waxbarasho ee Slavs ee asal ahaan ku hawlan wacyigaliyo - walaalaha Kirill waxaan Mefody. Baabtiiskii ugu horeysay qaaday Princess Olga of Kiev ee 954. Dhacdadani waxa ay qeyb ka xaqiiqda ah in ka dib Kiev Prince Vladimir ee 988, baabtiisay rus.

Taariikhda oo ka mid ah Church Orthodox Ruush

In muddo ah pre-Mongol Church Ruush ahaa Magaalooyinka ee Constantinople Patriarchate ah, kuwaas oo loo magacaabay in uu weynta dadka Gariigta ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in 1051 carshiga ugu horeysay noqday Ruush Metropolitan Hilarion - tirada diimeed ee aqoonta sare leh.

Taariikhda oo ka mid ah Church Orthodox Ruush muujinaysaa in dhismaha kaniisadaha weyn ee Russia bilaabay qarnigii X, iyo tan iyo qarnigii XI ayaa abuuray dhaqaalaha ugu horeysay monastic.

keniisad hore (Crypt), aasaasay by St. Antoniy Pechersky, keenay in 1051 ka dhanka ah wadaad Russia Athos. Waxa uu noqday xarunta of Asalraacnimadu ee Russia. In mustaqbalka, iyo Biyac waxay ahaayeen ma aha oo kaliya xarumo ruuxiga ah, laakiin sidoo kale xarumaha dhaqanka iyo waxbarashada, kuwaas oo ku yiil taariikhda, turjumay buugaagta fiqi la Shafay iconography.

isku madaxda

Yaabban: "ROC - waxa", waxaa la ogaadaa in muddada kala qaybsanaanta dhulgoosadka ah XII qarnigii, kaliya Church Orthodox ka hadhay kii ugu weyn ee fikradda midnimada dadka Ruush, kuwaas oo ka soo horjeeda dagaal joogto ah amiirka.

Qarnigii XIII in Russia ay weerar ku soo sawirtay Tatar-Mongol, laakiinse iyagu ma jabin karo Church Ruush ah. Damiir, ruuxa iyo huba, ayay ka qayb qaatay abuurista midnimo siyaasadeed Ruush.

In qarnigii XIV ah, waxay bilaabeen inay u midoobaan agagaarka Moscow kibir Ruush. hierarchs Ruush Great noqday kaaliyaha ruuxiga ah ee amiirradii Moscow.

Saaxiibadayda weyn

Metropolitan Alexy noqday mentor ah St. Prince Dmitry Donskoy. Saint Jonah, Metropolitan ee Moscow ayaa ka caawisay Prince of Moscow ee Dhawrista midnimada nidaamka dawliga ah iyo joojinta dagaalladii dhulgoosadka.

Orthodox Saint Sergiy Radonezhsky barakeeyey in dagaalka Kulikov Dmitri Donskoy, feat oo intaasu waxay ahayd bilowgii xoraynta oo ka mid ah dalalkan oo Ruush by Mongols ah.

No yaab badan ayaa xiiso u mawduuca "ROC - waa maxay?" Oo halkan in meesha ugu horeysa waa in la ogaadaa in Church Orthodox ka caawiyay in nafo la dhaqanka iyo miyir qaranka oo ka mid ah dadka Ruush. Tusaale ahaan, in dhismaha XIII qarnigii waxaa bilaabay Pochaev Lavra, sidaas ayaa sheegay in Orthodox iyo beero Ruush galbeedka.

Inta u dhaxaysa XIV iyo ilaa bartamihii qarnigii XV ee Russia waxaa lagu wadaa in uu 180 Macaabidda Yuhuud. dhacdo A weyn ahaa aasaasay of Trinity-taliye Sergiyos Bawlos keniisad in 1334 by Saint Reverend taliye Sergiyos Bawlos oo ah Radonezh. keniisad Tani ayaa codsatay in tayadiisa yaab Reverend Andrei Rublev.

Aftokefaliya. aynu ka soo farcannay Orthodox Ruush

Waqti ka, dowladda Ruush bilaabay inuu yeesho awood takhaluso duulay, oo waxay noqotay awood badan iyo ka xoog Orthodox Church ee Russia. Iyadoo fahamka waxa Church Orthodox Ruush, yimaado fahamka ee ay door weyn ee taariikhda gobolka.

Ka hor inta dayrta ee Empire Byzantine ee 1448, faa'iiday Church Ruush ay xornimada ka qaadatay Patriarchate of Constantinople. Samatabbixiyey Golaha kiniisadda Ruush, Metropolitan Jonah noqday Metropolitan ee Moscow iyo Dhamaan Russia.

Oo haatan, in 1589 , Job - Metropolitan ee Moscow - noqonayaa wadaadkii ugu horreeyay ee Russia.

Qarnigii XVII ee Russia la weeraray ay ku soo duulay Polish-Swedish. Laakiin halkan iyo kiniisadda Ruush ma quusan. waddani Great Wadaad Ergemon ku shahiiday by duulay, laakiin waxa uu ahaa hoggaamiyaha ruuxiga ah ee maleeshiyada ee Minin iyo Pozharsky.

In qorna gobolka Ruush iyo ku tilmaamay caabiga geesinimada ah ee Trinity-taliye Sergiyos Bawlos ku Lavra, ulaha iyo kuwa iswiidhishka ee 1608-1610 GG.

Next in awowe, Nikon, ku hawlan dib u habaynta, taasoo keentay in kala ah ee Orthodox Church Ruush ah waxaa la aasaasay. dib u habaynta waxay ku sii qarnigii XVIII ah by Peter I. In 1700, dhimashada Wadaad Adrian ka dib, primate cusub ee Church mar dambe la soo doortay, sida ay u dajisay Xukunka Quduuska ah Synod, taas oo maamusha saraakiisha dawladda ee 1721. Waxa uu socday qiyaastii laba boqol oo sannadood jirtay iyo intii uu ahaa dhaawici ROC ah.

dib u soo celinta ee patriarchate ah

In 1917 wuxuu la odhan jiray All-Ruush Council Church, halkaas oo Patriarchate ka bogsatay. Wadaad of Moscow iyo Dhamaan Russia ahaa Moskovskiy Metropolitan ee Tihon.

Laakiin Bolsheviks ah loo tixgeliyaa ROC ay soo horjeeda fikirka, sidaas darteed waxaa waajib ah in burburinta guud ahaan waa.

Laga soo bilaabo 1922 in 1924, Wadaad Tikhon xiray ahaa. Marka waxaa la aasaasay Church Orthodox Ruush dibadda. uu dhintay ka dib, halganka, iyo ugu danbeyn keentay in ay Church Orthodox Ruush, Metropolitan taliye Sergiyos Bawlos (Stargorodsky).

In Midowga Soofiyeeti ay caabudaan ka tagay oo kaliya tiro yar oo ah kaniisadaha. bulk of sheekh ayaa la toogtay ama ku jiray xerooyinka.

By waqtiga dagaalkii labaad ee dunida dhismeedka kaniisadda oo dhan waxaa ku dhowaad gebi ahaanba la wada baabbi'iyey, laakiin dagaal musiibo Stalin lagu qasbay in ay door biday in ay taageero ROC ka moral. Wadaaddada iyo hoggaamiyaha kiniisadda laga sii daayay xabsiyada.

dulucdii waxay ahayd geeddi-socodka, marka awowe loo doortay 1943 at Golaha Bishobada - Metropolitan taliye Sergiyos Bawlos (Stargorodsky), iyo 1945 at Golaha Deegaanka - Metropolitan Alexy.

In waqtiga Khrushchev ee kaniisadaha badan ayaa la xiray, cadaadis kaniisadda oo dhan ka joogsadeen muddo Brezhnev ah, laakiin waxa ay si adag gacanta maamulka. Taasi waa waqti aad u adag, ROC ku lahaa. Waa maxay badbaadada iyo cadaadis, iyadu waa ogyahay, hoogtay, ma by malo, jidka adag.

Moscow Patriarchate

In 1988, Ixtifaalka of Millennium ee Russia, iyo waxa uu noqday dhacdadan taariikhiga ah ee Church iyo gobolka ah. dib u soo celinta la hagaajiyey ee kaniisadaha. Next ahaayeen aynu ka soo farcannay ah Alexy aan, Pimen iyo Alexy II. Maanta, a Orthodox Church casriga ah madax ka Wadaad of Moscow iyo Dhamaan Russia Kirill. Meelahaas waxaa waqtiyada adag waa garbihiisa saarin culaab ka culus - si uu u doondoono siyaabo ka mid ah dib u heshiisiinta ee dadyowga Slavic oo dhan. Ka dib oo dhan, oo waxay abuurtaa ROC ah.

Sheeko Modern oo ka mid ah Church Orthodox Ruush, la aasaasay 1325, ku dhawaad 1506 macbudyo. By ee kaniisadaha iyo Macaabidda Yuhuud of Sheeko leh 268 chapels. Qaab dhismeedka Sheeko u qaybsan yahay 48 deanery, kaas oo u soo jeestay on iyo keniisad ah. Deanery darsoomeen 1153 oo ay ka imanayaan 24 Macaabidda Yuhuud. Intaa waxaa dheer, Sheeko ayaa yimid 3 edinovercheskie kuwaas oo waxaa lagu sakhiray dhamaystiran Metropolitan ah. kiniisaddu talada haya ee Sheeko Moscow oo ka mid ah Church Orthodox Ruush - Metropolitan Krutitsy iyo Kolomna Juvenal.