Qiimaha index - saldhig u ah ladnaanta qiimaynta. Taariikhda horumarinta fikradaha, nooc, iyo sifooyinka xisaab

qiimaha index - index a miisaan leh in lagu tilmaamay qiimaha suuqa ee koox gaar ah ee alaabta ama adeegyada gudahood gobolka gaar ah in ka badan muddo ah. kharashka factor nool tilmaamay gobolka ee dhaqaalaha dalka. Tani waxa loogu yeero guud index qiimaha. Cidhiidhi ku tilmaamayaasha baaxadda caawiyo ganacsiyada go'aannada ku saabsan maalgashiga. Arrimahaas oo dhami waxa ay ku jiraan xisaabiyaa by hay'adaha qaranka tirakoobka ee ugu gobolada casri ah, oo ay ku jiraan Federaalka Service Statistics Gobolka. Price Consumer Index - ugu caansan iyaga ka mid ah. In this article waxaan eegi doonaa taariikhda fikrad this, noocyada kala duwan ee tilmaamayaasha, muuqaalada xisaabinta iyo codsiga ay.

qeexidda fikradaha

Price Index - a tirakoobka qiimaha qaraabo. Waxaa loo isticmaalaa inay is barbar dhigaan, dhaq-qiimaha suuqa ee kooxaha badeecadaha iyo adeegyada ee waqti iyo meel juquraafi. Hababka loo xisaabinayo tilmaanta bilaabmaa doorashada iyo xulashada muunad ka wakiil ah caanaha. Waxaa jira saddex weyn ee indices: Deflator ah ee GDP, macaamiisha iyo qiimaha warshadaha.

History of fikradda

Ka mid ah dhaqaale ma jiro iswaafiqitaan sida in oo soo raacay index ugu horeysay ee qiimaha. Tani ma aha la yaab leh, maxaa yeelay, xirfadlayaasha ku lug leh arimahan, wax badan. Qaar badan oo ka tixraac daraasadda of Raysa Vogana "hadal ee lacagta birta ah iyo coinage." Shaqadiisii waa la daabacay 1.675. Qoraagu wuxuu jeclaan lahaa inuu kala saamaynta sicir-bararka ee soo qulqulaya ee birta qaaliga ah ka America si ay Spain ka soo saamaynta debasement. Vaughan marka la barbar dhigo qaynuunnadayda shaqada ee ay waqti iyo muddada Edward III, kuna waari dhexdeeda heerarka mushaar saacadle ah ayaa go'an. Wales Dhaqaaleyahannada aaminsan yihiin in iyaga u suurto gal ahayd in la iibsado qiyaas set isku mid ah alaabta. Daraasad Vaughan muujisay in heerka qiimaha UK ka badan qarnigii la soo dhaafay ayaa kor u kacay 6-8 jeer. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxa aan si toos ah loo xisaabiyaa heerka koritaanka.

index qiimaha First ayaa lagu xisaabiyaa by dhaqaaleyahan Ingiriiska William Fleetwood ee 1707. Waxaan arday Oxford kuwa waayi kartaa deeq waxbarasho ay sabab u tahay xaqiiqada ah in ay dakhliga sannadlaha ah waa in ka badan shan mina soo dhawaaday. bixinta waxaa qarnigii 15aad. Sphere danaha Fleetwood ka mid isbedel qiimaha, si uu ugu qubo ahaa tiro aad u badan ee macluumaad tirakoobka on arrinta. Waxa uu cadeeyay in ay 260 sano ee la soo dhaafay, qiimaha shan mina ayaa si weyn u bedelay. Natiijooyinka uu, uu si qarsoodi ah lagu daabacay, laakiin cilmi-aad buu u caawiyey ardayda Oxford.

Laspeyres

Waxa ugu muhiimsan ee dadka intooda badan waa u kaca qiimaha macaamiisha, taas oo calaamad u sicir bararka. tilmaame waxay ku salaysan tahay dambiil go'an badeecadaha iyo adeegyada. Isagu waa nooc ka mid ah Laspeyres index, sida loo isticmaalo xisaabinta qiimaha sano salka. Ha Q ₀ - heerka salka of sii daayo. Waxa kale oo laga yaabaa in lacagta loo baahan yahay ee alaabta ee dambiisha macaamiisha. A P ₀ iyo P ₁ - heerarka qiimaha ee salka iyo muddo hadda. Markaas caanaha ee qiimaha macmiilka (CPI) wuxuu noqon doonaa sida soo socota: Σ (P ₀ ¹ x ^S) Σ (Q P ₀ x _0). Dhibaatada ugu weyn ee la isticmaalayo Tilmaame this waa in aanu qaadan oo aan galay isbedel account in qaab-dhismeedka kharashka. Waxa ay ka tarjumaysaa keliya saamayn dakhliga, iska dhego-suurtagalnimada of bedelay. Sidaa darteed, qiimaha macmiilka inta badan bixisaa heerka overvalued sicir bararka marka koritaanka qiimaha iyo qiimo - sida ay ku dhici.

Deflator GDP

tilmaame kale, taas oo lagu tilmaamay gobolka ee dhaqaalaha, waa index Paasche ah. Wuxuu ku salaysan mar kasta oo ku saabsan dambiisha macaamiisha ama loo sii daayo heer cusub. Ha Q ₀ iyo Q ₁ - saarka ee salka iyo waqtiga lagu jiro, iyo P ₀ iyo P ₁ - oo u dhiganta waqti xogta hindisaa heerarka qiimaha. Markaas caanaha GDP Deflator waa sida soo socota: GDPdeflator = Σ (Q ₁ x P ₁₎ Σ (Q ₀ x P _0). tilmaame Tani waxay sidoo kale loo xisaabin karaa qeybi alaabta magacaaban guud ee dhabta ah. Dhibaatada ugu weyn ee la tilmaame this waa in ay inta badan underestimates sicir bararka halkaas oo qiimaha macmiilka siinayaa caan ku culaysiyo ay, taas oo ah, la kordhiyo qiimaha.

Qiimaha celcelis

Si wax looga qabto dhaliilahaas ka soo jireenka ah ee la soo dhaafey laba tirooyinka, waxaa asal ahan kale index qiimaha. Waxay sameeyey oo ah dhaqaaleyahan ka American Irving Fisher. Waxa uu soo jeediyey si loo xisaabiyo qiimaha joomateri celceliska, in uu yahay, xididka laba jibbaaran ee alaabta ka mid ah Laspeyres iyo Paasche.

Rosstat: Index Price Consumer

Sida laga soo xigtay Federaalka Service Statistics Gobolka, xaaladda dhaqaale uu bilaabayo inuu barbareeyo off. Bishii Janaayo 2016, sicirka adeegatada ayaa kordhay 9.8% bishii la mid ah 2015 korriimadooda ahaa 12.9%. In ka yar tiradaasi ay ahayd oo keliya in November 2014. Celcelis ahaan, CPI ee Russia waxa ay ka 137,42% muddo ah madaxbanaanida. ugu hooseeya waxa ay ahayd bishii April 2012 - 3.6%. qiimaha sare Record index, Rosstat duubay bishii December ee 1992 - 2333.3%. Marka la xisaabinayo tilmaamahan Rosstat aragto qaybood sida: cunto iyo non-khamriga sharaabka (30%), gaadiidka (14%), dharka iyo kabaha (11%), kirooyinka (11%) iyo Madadaalada (6%) .