Qeybinta Panfilov: taariikhda, halabuurka, dagaal, jidka aad ku

In taariikhda ciidamada qalabka sida ee dalkeena waxaa meedka meesha caan ah qeybinta Red Banner Panfilov, qayb ka mid ah taas oo lagu soo dhamaystay by wakiilada ku dhawaad soddon Jinsiyadaha degganaa USSR. Kuqoreen in xasuus dadka ay kaalinta difaaca ee Moscow ka Cadha daraadeed iyada guutooyinkiisii faashistihii. Laakiinse dadkii jiilka ka weyn ee xasuusta iyo Crore ah dacaayad ah in la sara kiciyey wareegsan "feat 28 Panfilov", waxa markii dambe soo baxay oo kaliya Wariye khayaali aan waxtar lahayn.

Taliyaha Qaybta halyeeyga

Si aad xariif sayniska ciidamada Ivan Vasilevich Panfilov soo laabtay ka sano oo dagaal ah gumeystaha bilaabay - in 1915 ee Front South-Western. Ka qeyb colaad oo qayb ka ah 638 th Olpinskogo guutada, wuxuu u dallacsiiyey in taliyuhu uu saajin, taas oo u dhiganta saajin sare ee ciidanka oo casri ah. Markii bishii February 1917 Boqortooyada ee lagu afgembiyey oo dalka soo bilaabay geedi socodka dhinaca dimuqraadiyadda, Panfilov noqday xubin ka mid ah guddiga uu guutada.

In ka maalmood ee ugu horreeya ee Dagaalkii Sokeeye, oo wuxuu noqday Army Red. Waa in la ogaadaa in Ivan sugayay maal cayinnayn - lugta Ciidankii, taas oo uu ku qoran, wuxuu ahaa qayb ka mid ah Division Chapayev ah, iyo sidaas Panfilov, amrayo Batalyankii ugu horeysay ka dibna shirkadda, fursad u helay in ay helaan khibrad dagaal ka yar amarka mid ka mid ah ugu caansan iyo madaxda ciidamada halyeeyga ee taariikhda Army Cas. waayo-aragnimo Tani waxa ay ahayd mid waxtar leh oo isaga ugu dagaallada mustaqbalka.

In kulaylka ee Dagaalkii Sokeeye

In muddo ah ka 1918 in 1920 uu fursad u helay inaan ka qayb dagaalo la xeryahooda ee Czechoslovak Corps ah, Poles White ah, iyo sidoo kale ciidammada reer Kolchak, Denikin iyo Ataman Dutov. Panfilov dagaal sokeeye dhamaaday Ukraine, taasoo keentay horyaalka, taas oo hadafkeedu yahay inay la diriraan reer gangs badan, sameeyay inta badan ee waddaniyiinta maxaliga ah. Intaa waxaa dheer, gelin sannadahaas, Ivan Vasilyevich loo sameeyey si loo amrayo Batalyankii ka mid ah ilaalada guutada.

In 1921, amarka diray Ivan inaad wax ka barato School Kyiv ee amarka sare oo ka tirsan ciidamada Cas, ayuu ka qalin sharaf in laba sano. Waqtigaa in qayb ka mid ah Yurub ee taliskii Soviet horeba waxa la rakibo, laakiin weli sii Dagaal kulul ee Jamhuuriyadaha Central Asian, iyo qalin dhallinyarada loo diray hore Turkestan si ay ula dagaalamaan guutooyinkiisa oo tuug ah.

Waxa ay ahayd in Central Asia waxaa sii horumariyo by xirfadiisa mustaqbalka ee taliyaha qeybinta halyeeyga. Wixii toban sano (1927-1937), wuxuu madax 4aad regimental dugsiga Turkestan lugta Ciidankii, amray guuto qoriga, Mountain Ciidankii, oo waxay noqdeen ah madaxa shaqaalaha ee Degmada Dhexe ee Military Asian ee 1937. Tallaabada xigta waa muhiim in ay u yeelaan in 1939 in post ee Guddoomiyaha military ee Kyrgyzstan. Sannadkii la soo dhaafay pre-dagaal, Ivan Vasilyevich waayo, mudnaanta uu xoojinta awoodda difaaca ee dalka waxaa la guddoonsiiyey horyaalka ee guud waaweyn.

Xirrira qeybinta una diraya hore

In July 1941, oo ku saabsan amarada ciidamada Guddoomiyaha Kyrgyzstan Major General I. V. Panfilova bilowgii qalabaysan Qaybta 316th lugta. Waxay ugu dhakhsaha badan u noqday mid ka mid ah laba, taas oo taariikhda Army Red la siiyey magaca dalkooda. Midkii kowaad wuxuu u Chapaevskaya, iyo tan labaad waa kan - qeybinta Panfilov. Waxay ahayd mid ku Qaddarray hoos taariikhda tag oo tusaale u ah geesinimo mass askar iyo taliyayaasha.

Waxa asaasay bishii July 1941, qeybinta Panfilov, oo sideeda oo qowmiyadaha kuwaas oo ka mid ah dhammaan wakiillada ee Jamhuuriyadda Central Asian, bil ka dib dhaceen naasiga ee gobolka Novgorod, iyo in October loo soo wareejiyay hoos Volokolamsk. Waxaa sabab u ah dagaal culus, waxay awooday ma aha oo kaliya si ay u difaacaan ay, laakiin sidoo kale counter-geesinimada si buuxda u baabbi'in afar qaybood Jarmal, taas oo ka mid ah waxay ahaayeen laba lugta, gaashaaman iyo baabuurta. Panfilov in muddo this dilay oo ku saabsan 9 kun. Askar iyo saraakiil, iyo reebtay 80 taangiyada.

In kasta oo xaaladda guud ee hore lagu qasbay horyaalka madax I. V. Panfilovym, iska diffaaci tago iyada boos waafaqsan qorshaha guud ee amarka taatiko u Dumayn, waa mid ka mid ah ugu horeysay ee hore waxaa la guddoonsiiyey xaq u sharaf in loogu yeedho ilaalada ah.

Ilaa maantadan la joogo hadhay dokumenti aad u xiiso badan, marka ay akhrinayaan oo qarqinayo kibir khasabka ah in dadka ay mar hor istaagay Jidka naasiga ah. Taliyaha Warbixintan oo ka mid ah 4-tii Panzer Brigade. In waxa, uu ku baaqay in Panfilov ee "Wild Division" oo sheegaya in dadkan gabi ahaanba macquul aheyn in ay la dagaallamaan, iyagu waa jiriin Diintooda oo aydnaan ka cabsan dhimashada. Dabcan, guud Jarmal khalad ahayd, waxay ka cabsadeen reer dhimasho, laakiin waxqabadka waajib ku riday kor nolosha.

version rasmiga ah ee dhacdooyinka

Bishii November ee sanadkii in, dhacdo in soo jeedinta qalabka ay dacaayad Soviet samayn qeybinta iyo taliyaha, oo loo yaqaan dalka oo dhan. Waxaan ka hadleynaa dagaalka ku caanka ah ee oo ka tirsan ay u suurtagashay in ay ka baabbi'in doontaa waqti gaaban u dhow isgoyska Dubosekovo 18 taangiyada cadowga, inkastoo xaqiiqda ah in ay jiraan kuwo naftooda 28 oo keliya.

qeybinta Panfilov in kuwa maalmood dagaalo kulul ay kula jireen cadowga keentay, isku day in ay go'doomiyaan iyo xarunta baabbi'in. Sida laga soo xigtay version si weyn loo hirgaliyay by dacaayad Soviet, November 16, askari ka mid ah shirkadda 4-tii, amray by macallin siyaasadeed V. G. Klochkov, fulinta difaaca Dubosekovo isgoyska, oo ku yaalla 8 KM u Volokolamsk iyo konton ka tarjumaysa taangiyada cadowga weerar, dhigay feat aan horay loo arag. Waxay ku guulaysteen in ay dagaalka ku, kaas oo socday muddo afar saac ah inuu wax baabbi'iyo 18 gaadiidka dagaalka cadowga, iyo xoog ku haray in ay dib u soo noqdaan.

Dhamaan iyaga ka mid ah, sida laga soo xigtay version isla, dhintay dhimasho geesinimada. Baraha ayaa isla siyaasadeed Klotchkov dhimanayaan, sida la sheegay ku yidhi weedha ah in noqday hadal haynta dacaayad ah: "Great Russia, iyo meel u Dumayn: dhabarka - Moscow" uu waajib ku samayn, Panfilov Division hakiyey horay cadowga dheeraad ah oo ku saabsan jihada Volokolamsk. Oo waagaas, hoos daba jog ah oo dab madaafiic cadowga u yimid, oo wuxuu la dilay taliyaha qeybinta - Lieutenant-General IV Panfilov.

si ay u kala firdhinta quraafaad ah

Nasiib darro, sheekadan waa ay baaritaan faahfaahsan ayaa sababay cilmi shaki qaar ka mid ah. 1948 - - Dagaalka ka dib waxaa la sameeyay baaritaan xeer-galay dhacdadan. Sidaas darteed, xeer ilaaliyaha ciidamada sare ee Ciidamada Qalabka Sida ee USSR ah - Lieutenant-General Justice Athanasius ayaa lagu qasbay in ay aqabashay feat ah loo aaneeyey inay 28 Heroes Panfilov, yahay khayaali ah.

Sara kacay ka tage dhintay

wadadii uu bilowga baaritaanka adeegay sidii a xaaladaha halkii cajiib ah. Xaqiiqada ah in sanad ka hor in Kharkov u suurtagashay in ay xiraan xadgudbayaasha hore iyo Nazi iskaashi ee IE Dobrobabina. Intii lagu guda jiray raadinta, iyo waxyaabo kale, uu helay oo caan ah waqtiga, iyo sameeyey buugga mass-wareegga ah oo ku saabsan geesinimo ee 28 Panfilov.

Flipping dhex bogagga ay, baaraha yimid guud ahaan macluumaadka isaga siibno lama filaan ah: waxaa ka leexatay in uu eedaysanuhu u muuqataa mid ka mid ah ka qaybgalayaasha ugu weyn ee dhacdooyinka ku dhex jira. Waxaa intaa dheer, buugga ayaa sheegay in uu ku dhintay nin geesi ah, oo waxaa lagu darjada abaal Hero horyaalka ee Midowga Soofiyeeti ee. Waa la fahmi karo in ka dib markii this "furitaanka" waxaa lagama maarmaan ahayd si loo hubiyo inta kale ee xaqiiqooyinka sheegay by qorayaal caan daabaco.

Isis been

documents ayaa isla markiiba ka codsaday bixiyaan sawir Ujeedada dagaalka, taas oo ka dibna ka qayb-qaybinta Panfilov. Tirada dadkii ku dhintay dhamaadka November 1941, warar ah ee shilalka la cadowga oo dhan, warbixino taliyayaasha unit, iyo xitaa fariimaha dhexda radio Jarmal isla markiiba jiifay xafiiska gobolka Kharkiv xeer ciidamada baaraha miiska ee.

Sidaas darteed, sida kor ku xusan, baaritaanka ayaa rumeysan caddeeyeen in xaqiiqooyinka lagu soo bandhigay buug waa khayaali oo halkaas waa been ah oo ula kac ah dhacdooyinka ka dhacay. In May 1948, gunaanad kuwan, Lieutenant-General Afanasyev shakhsi sheegay in Xeer Ilaaliyaha Guud ee GN USSR ee Sofonovu, oo wuxuu dalka, dib u noqda, wuxuu ahaa dukumenti u diray xagooda A. A. Zhdanovu.

quraafaad ah, ku dhashay qalinka weriyaha

bilaabaha ee been taariikhiga ah ayaa la aasaasay by baaritaanka, wuxuu ahaa tifaftiraha wargeyska "Red Star" Ortenberg. On amar uu arrinta soo socda la daabacay maqaal uu qoray wariye ka shaqeynayay wargeyska Krivitsky, oo tilmaamaysa qayb tijaabinaya, iyo wax qayb cad khayaalka. Sidaas darteed of this waxa uu ku dhashay quraafaad ah ee gacan muggeed oo yar oo geesiyaal kuwaas oo maamula si ay u joojiyaan cadowga ee taangiga Armada.

Inta lagu jiro imtixaan Krivitsky, taasoo waagaas mid ka mid ah jagooyinka ugu horeeysa ee wargeyska "Red Flag", ayaa qirtay in politruk weedha ismiidaamin caanka Klochkova "Great Russia, iyo meel u Dumayn ..." waxaa asal ahan nafsaddiisa, waayo, xaalkan in, iyo wax kasta oo kale waxaa ku qoran kitaabka. Laakiin xitaa iyada oo aan uu wax qiranayay ahayd been ah oo halkaas, kii ka maqli kartay oo erayada kuwa, maxaa yeelay, sida uu sheegay version, dhammaan ka qaybgalayaasha in dagaalka lagu dilay oo markhaatiyaal u tagay?

qoraaga qudhiisa sabab u ah been of sheekooyinka khayaalka ay u suurtagashay in ay la abuuro magac nafsaddiisa u bixinayo in wareegyada suugaanta, qori iyo daabacaan dhowr buugaagta, noqdaan qoraa, ama ugu yaraan a co-author of dhowr ah gabayo iyo gabayo ku saabsan geesinimo ah qabanin 28 Panfilov ah. Iyo wax kasta ka sarreeya, taariikhda this siiyey wadadii muhiim ah in uu xirfadiisa ku sii.

been taariikhiga ah

Maxaa dhacay? Su'aashani waa u jawaabay by cilmi baaris dheeraad ah taariikhyahanadu War Patriotic. Waxay muujiyaan in muddada kala qeybinta Panfilov runtii ahaa in dagaal deegaanka dhowr xaaladood oo Jarmal ah. Waxaa intaa dheer, in meesha of isgoyska Dubosekovo ay qaaday dabiiciga ah gaar ahaan waxshi ah.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, mana noo gaar ah, mana xitaa in warbixinta ciidamada cadowga ee ma dagaalka ku tilmaamay in article wargeyska cajiib ah, ku dheehan xarunta dareenka ka dibna kala qaybsameen Panfilov ku xuso. Tirada dadkii ku dhintay iyo kuwa wakhtigaas ma u dhigma xogta, tuuray Krivitsky. Dilay badnaayeen, waxay ahaayeen dagaal culus, laakiin waxa ay ahaayeen dad aad u kala duwan.

Taliyaha hore ee ciidankii lugta ee ku sugan aagga waqtiga dhacdooyinka tilmaamay, muujisay in ilaalo Dubosekovo ilaaliyo shirkadda, kaas oo gabi ahaanba burburiyay intii uu dagaalku, laakiin, sida laga soo xigtay isaga si, waxaa jiray 100 qof, ma 28. qeybinta Panfilov waayahaas Waxaa soo gaaray khasaare culus, iyo shirkadda this ayaa balaariyay tiradooda. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa la reebay oo kaliya 9 taangiyada, kuwaas oo 3 lagu gubay goobta soo baxay, halka qaar kalena ay dib ugu noqdeen oo beerta dagaalka ka tagay. Intaa waxaa dheer, ayuu ku nuuxnuuxsaday qaabdarro ee male ah in 28 dagaalyahan oo hubeysan si fudud dhul fidsan si ay si guul leh karin 50 taangiyada cadowga.

Khuraafaad, soo gaaray by dacaayad Soviet

Tani quraafaad sannadaha guudahaan ayaa si weyn loo caan ku dacaayad Soviet. Qaadista baaritaanka 1948 xeer lagu qarsoodi, iyo fuliyey sanadkii 1966 isku dayay shaqaale ka tirsan majaladda "New World" E. V. Kardina muujin in uu article failure ee version rasmiga ah, waxa uu helay, canaantaadii aawadeed af ka I. L. ku Brezhneva. Xoghayaha Guud ee xisbiga shuuciga ah ee loo yaqaan wax la daabacay Durid Xisbiga iyo taariikhda geesinimada ah ee dalkeenna.

Kaliya ee sannadihii perestroika, marka qalabka ugu dambeyntii kuwa dhigooda ah ee baaritaanka ee 1948, waxa uu ahaa suurto gal ah, iyaga oo aan detracting ka yimid xagga ammaanta in ay kasbatay qalmay Panfilov Division, si uu u gudbiyo dadweynaha xaqiiqda ah ee dhalanrog ka mid ah dhacdooyinka dagaal ee la soo dhaafay.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, inkastoo sida dhacdo aad looga xumaado, soo maleegay ay ahaayeen xad-dhaafka ah ducaadda Soviet qiiro, waa in aan aqoonsado Panfilov weyn ee guushii ay ka gaareen naasiga ah. Bishii November ee isla sannadkaas ay noqday mid si rasmi ah loo yaqaan Division of Panfilov. Kaliya at jihada Volokolamskoye in muddada u dhaxaysa November 16 ilaa 21 lagu daro qaybaha kale oo ka mid ah xarumaha ciidanka Soviet iyo in ay joojiyaan ka hor labada godadka iyo mid Jarmal Panzer.

Masiirka xiga ee horyaalka

Jidka dagaal dheeraad ah qeybinta Panfilov adkeyd, full of khasaare, laakiin, sida ka hor, daboolay ammaan. In bilood ee hore ee 1942, ayay, oo ay la socdaan cutubyo kale Soviet ka qayb qaatay dagaalo ka dhanka SS Division "Totenkopf" ah. Dagaalka ayaa ka dhacay qadhaadh oo aan caadi ahayn labada dhinac, waxaana ay keeneen khasaare saf Panfilovtsy badan iyo soo horjeeda ay.

Iyada oo provoevav sharaf ilaa 1945, in uu yahay, ku dhawaad in dhammaadkii dagaalkii labaad ee caalamiga ah, Panfilov Division inta lagu guda jiro weerar ee magaalada Latvia ee Saldus waxaa isku wareejiyey. Sidaas darteed, dhammaan shaqaalaheeda oo lagu dilay, iyo jebiyaan giraanta cadowga dadka kaliya 300 kari waayay. In mustaqbalka, ka qaybgalayaasha badbaaday Qaybta Panfilov ee loo qoondeeyey qaybaha kale iyo in ay ka kooban dhamaaday dagaalka.

The sano guudahaan

Dagaalka ka dib, heerka, taas oo ay sabab u tahay tayada ay dagaal sare oo qayb ahaan sababtoo ah sare oo ku wareegsanayd iyada Crore ah dacaayad ogaa dalka oo dhan, ayaa gebi ahaanba dib loo soo celiyo. territory Place ee Estonia ayaa loo doortay in ay ciidamo. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in 1967 hoggaanka of sii buurayn ee Kyrgyz ka codsaday in ay dowladda la codsi ah in shaqaalaha Qaybta Panfilov oo dhan hub iyo qalab lagu wareejiyay inay ku Jamhuuriyadda. racfaanka Tani waxa ay ahayd sabab u tahay sababo amniga qaranka iyo, Sidaa darteed, ku kulmay taageero Moscow.

Going galay degmada Turkestan military, qeybinta Panfilov, ka kooban by waajibaadka ciidamada ka dibna inta badan kaabaya ka Jamhuuriyadda Central Asian, waxaa qayb ahaan ku yaalla sii buurayn ee Kirghiz ah, oo qayb ahaan - in Kazakh. Waayo, gobolka, waxaa ka mid ah noocyo kala duwan oo dalka, waxay ahayd wax iska caadi ah. Laakiin ee sano in raaceen Midowga Soofiyeeti ee burburtay, taariikhda horyaalka heerka Panfilov ayaa maray qaar ka mid ah daqiiqado riwaayado.

Filan waxaa in la yidhaahdo in, in uu xubin ka Group Northern ee Ciidamada Qalabka Sida ee ciidamada Kyrgyzstan, waxa uu ahaa sanadkii 2003, ilaa xad lama filaan ah u ah dhamaan baabiiyo oo gebi ahaanba kala diray. Way adag tahay in la yidhaahdo kan ku Sugan xoogga kasta oo danaha siyaasadeed ama kale qaatay go'aan noocan oo kale ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, kala qeybinta dabaal dayn inay ka jiraan.

Keliya sideed sano ka dib, markay u dabaal toddobaatan guuradii ee la aasaasay, waxaa dib loo aasaasay oo ah magaca hore helay. Maalmahan, meeshii ay barakacyo waa magaaladii Tokmok, oo ku yaalla meel u dhow Bishkek. qeybinta Panfilov, oo sideeda oo qowmiyadaha kuwaas oo maanta muhiimad ahaan waa conglomerate ka mid ah dalal ku nool Kyrgyzstan, xanbaarsan adeega hoos amarka meelaha hooyo - Colonel Nurlan Isabekovicha Kiresheeva.