Qarax Nuclear taariikhda

Bilowgii ah afartameeyaha qarnigii XX ahaa hodan ku ah dhacdooyinka la taaban karo sayniska. Waxa ay astaan u daahfurtay ugu weyn ee beerta physics nuclear oo loogu tala galay in aadanaha fursado weyn ballan loo adeegayaa of il awood cusub ee tamarta. Laakiin siyaasadda dunida xaaladda waqtiga goostay koorsada taariikhda. Isku day in saynisyahano in dalal badan oo si toos ah isticmaalka tamarta nukliyeerka ee dabcan nabad cadaato Xumo falayaal, tan iyo mudnaanta waxaa lagu riday guushu la xirrira nooc cusub oo ah hub.

The ugu horeysay ee horumarinta hubka nuclear ka dhacay dalka Mareykanka. Ayaa la soo saaray mashruuca la magac code "Manhattan Project." Saddexda bambooyin la abuuray intii lagu mashruucan, kuwaas oo siiyey magacyada reer binu "Trinity", "Fat Man" iyo "Boy Little". Qarax "Trinity" ayaa lagu qarxiyay inta lagu jiro imtixaan nuclear, "Fat Man" waxaa laga saaray on Nagasaki iyo Hiroshima qarax qaaradda ayaa laga helay "kids".

Sheekadu waxay u kaco in August 1945, dhab ahaan saddex todobaad ka dib baaritaanka ee ugu horeysay ee qarax qaaradda, Madaxweynaha Maraykanka Harry Truman amray in qaraxii ee Hiroshima iyo Nagasaki. Iyadoo la raacayo, waxaa jiray qarax qaaradda in ka badan Hiroshima, iyo saddex maalmood ka dib, bambaano labaad tuuray on Nagasaki on 6 August ee sanadkan. Dowladda Maraykanka rumeysan yahay in ay sidaas samaynaya joojiyo dagaal u dhexeeya Maraykanka iyo Japan.

Qarax sababay Nuclear cawaaqib kolosalnye. qarxintii iyo qarax ee Hiroshima dhimashada ka dib markii laga tiriyey oo ku saabsan mid ka mid boqol iyo afartan kun oo qof. Nagasaki sidoo kale laga badiyay iyo siddeetan kun oo qof. Japan lahayn doorasho laakiin in ay is dhiibaan. Sidaa darteed, August qalab 15aad ee is dhiibin la saxiixay dowladda Japan. In taariikhda dunida qarax nuclear ka dhawaajisay in labada Magaalo ee dalka Japan, ayaa ka mid qaraxa oo keliya, si gaar ah loogu talagalay burburinta dadka.

Tan iyo markii hore furitaanka berrinkii physics nuclear ayaa diiradda lagu saaray codsiyada la taaban karo, waayo, mid nabadgelyo, cilmi jihada this sii. Horeba 1949, Midowga Soofiyeeti, saynisyahano bilaabeen in ay yeeshaan mashaariicda tamarta nukliyarka. Oo wakhtigii May 1950 bilaabay dhismaha warshad nukliyeerka ugu horeeyay dunida ee u dhow tuulada of Obninsk, gobolka Kaluga, maadaama ay horey ayaa loo bilaabey afar sano. A dhowr sano ka dib, marxaladda ugu horeysa ee warshad labaad Soviet nukliyeerka ee gobolka Tomsk ee Seversk la soo bandhigay. In isla sanadkaas wuxuu bilaabay dhismaha saldhigga Beloyarsk ee magaalada Urals ee Zarechny, gobolka Sverdlovsk. lix sano ka dib, wajiga hore ee saldhiga la rido hawlgalka, iyo dhowr bilood ka dib laga bilaabo Beloyarki waxaa u wakiishay block ugu horeysay ee warshadda nukliyeerka dhow magaalada Novovoronezh. At awood buuxda, saldhigga kasbaday ka dib guddoominta ee marxaladda labaad ee 1969. sannaddii 1973 ayaa la calaamadeeyay by furitaanka warshadda nukliyeerka ah Leningrad.

Dhismaha warshadda caan nuclear awoodda ee waqooyiga Ukraine, meel u dhow magaalada Chernobyl, waxaa fuliyey 1978 oo dhammaadkeedu wuxuu olole cutubkan afraad ee 1983. Operation ee xarunta intaasu waxay ahayd mashruuca ku guuldareystay inuu ka dibna Midowga Soofiyeeti. shil Chernobyl The ma ahayn oo keliya. Bishii September 1982, inta lagu guda jiro dayactirka ee block ugu horeysay ee shil nuclear-saldhiga ah, oo ay la socdaan sii daayo hawada ee shucaaca gaas-uumiga isku dar ah. Sidaas darteed, in la sii daayo muhiim ah ee dhulka waxaa saameeyey, inkastoo maamulka uu si rasmi ah u sheegay in deegaanka aan la saameeyeen.

doorka A muhiim in qaddar ee Chernobyl shilka warshad nukliyeer ah ayaa u ciyaaray, oo ka dhacay 1986. Qarax nukliyeerka ee Chernobyl onkoday 00 saacadood 23 daqiiqo April 26 waqtiga baaritaanka ee turbogenerator soo socda. Qaraxa ayaa gabi ahaanba la burburiyay nuclear-ka, saqafka sare ee hoolka marawaxadaha burburtay, waxaa jiray in ka badan soddon kursi ee dabka. By 5 subaxnimo, dabka oo dhan waxaa lagu reebay. Shilka ayaa waxaa xigay a qiiqa radioactive awood badan. Inta lagu guda jiro qaraxa lagu dilay laba xubnood oo ka tirsan idaacadda, in ka badan boqol qof ayaa lagu soo diray in ay Moscow. Sababo la shilka, shaqaalaha ka badan hal boqol iyo soddon oo ka mid ah Chernobyl warshadda nukliyeerka iyo xaaladaha degdegga ah shaqaalaha helay bukaanka shucaaca.

Guud ahaan, xogta guud ee qarax nuclear ee Chernobyl ayaa sheegay in 28 noloshooda, iyo in ku dhow lix boqol oo qof ayaa ku helay dose shucaaca la taaban karo, taas oo xubno badan oo ka mid ah dhacdooyinka quus arkay ilaa maantadan la joogo.