Princes iyo madaxda ee qadiimiga rus in muddada tafaraaruqa

dhimashada ee Prince of Kiev Yaroslava Mudrogo ee 1054 ee Russia ka dib markii uu bilaabay geedi socodka ee bololka hor gobolka hal. Munaasabado la mid ah ka dhacay Western Europe. Waxay ahayd janjeera guud ee qarniyadii dhexe dhulgoosadka. Tartiib tartiib, Russia waxaa loo qaybiyaa dhowr Qolyihii madaxda madaxbanaan oo leh dhaqan caadi ah, dhaqanka iyo guri ammaan Rurik ah. Waxay bilaabeen in 1132, oo markuu dhintay muhiimadda Mstislav Veliky dalka. Taasi waa taariikhda bilowga taariikhyahanadu final rumaysan qaybsanaanta siyaasadeed ee hadda jira. In gobolka this, Russia socotay ilaa bartamihii qarnigii XIII ah, markii ay la kulmeen duulaankii ciidamada Mongol-Tatar.

Kiev dalka

Muddo sanado ah, kibir ah ee qadiimiga Russia ayaa lagu kala qaybiyey, biireen, la beddelo xeerarka laamaha of guri ammaan Rurik ah , iyo wixii la mid ah. D. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in kasta oo wareer ka mid ah dhacdooyinkaan waxay, waxaa jira dhawr qaybood oo muhiim ah, taas oo door ugu muhiimsan ee nolosha dalka. Xitaa ka dib markii ay burburtay dhabta ah ee ka Haartz sidaas ayaa loo arkaa Prince sare ee Kiev.

Control of the "hooyadii magaalooyinka Ruush" isku dayay in la dhiso noocyo kala duwan oo ah taliyayaal gaar ah. Sidaa darteed, haddii xer xeran ee qadiimiga Russia lahaa ay guri ammaan dhaxlo u gaar ah, Kiev ee inta badan ka soo qaado gacantii maray in ay gacanta. dhimashada Mstislav Vladimirovich ee 1132 ka dib markii magaalada noqday si kooban hantida Chernigov Rurik. Waxaa ma habboon xubnaha kale ee guri ammaan ah. Sababtoo ah oo ka mid ah dagaalladii raadiyo Kiev joojiyay gacanta ugu horeysay Pereyaslav, Turov iyo Vladimir-Volyn kibir, ka dibna (in 1169) oo dhamaan la boobay ciidanka Andreya Bogolyubskogo oo ugu dambeyntii laga badiyay ay muhiimadda siyaasadeed.

Chernihiv

Xer xeran ee qadiimiga Russia ee dalka Chernigov lahaayeen in Faracii Svyatoslav Yaroslavovych. Waxay muddo dheer ahayd in khilaafka la Kiev. guri ammaan Chernihiv dhowr sano ee ayaa lagu kala qaybiyey laba laamood galay, oo durriyadii Oleg iyo Davidovich. Qarnigan kasta dhacay xer xeran more cusub, chips ka Chernigov (Sivers'k-Novgorod, Bryanskoye, Kurskoe iyo D. t.).

The ahaa taliyihii ugu duwanyihiin of this taariikhyahanadu gobolka rumaysan Svyatoslava Olgovicha. Wuxuu ahaa saaxiib ah Yuriya Dolgorukogo. Iyada oo ay Iiddii huwanta ee Moscow ee 1147 waxaa taariikhda ay bilowdey xaqiijiyay taariikhda caasimadda Ruushka. Marka Duchy ee qadiimiga Russia midoobeen in dagaalka ka dhanka ah Mongols u muuqatay in bari, taliyayaasha gaarka ah ee dalalkan Chernigov dhigtay inta kale ee Ruric iyo adkaaday on River Kalka ah. Duulaankii of steppe ayaa saamaysay kibir aan dhan, oo kaliya in ay qayb ka bari. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxa uu qiray in isaga qudhiisa wiilkaagiiba ah Horde Golden (Geeridu daran Michael of Chernigov ka dib). In qarnigii XIV ah Chernihiv wada saaray dhawr magaalo oo dariska ah ayaa LABAGEEDI OO in Lithuania.

gobolka Polotsk

Polotsk garoomada Izyaslavich (Jaaloobayn Iziaslav V.). Tani laan ka mid ah Rurik ka hor dadka kale ka soo istaagay. Intaa waxaa dheer, Polotsk ugu horeysay bilaabay halganka hubaysan madax ka Kiev. The dagaal horrayn noocan oo kale ah ka dhacay bilowgii qarnigii XI.

Like madaxda kale ee qadiimiga ah rus in muddada kala qaybsanaanta, Polotsk ugu danbeyn kala dhowr madaxda yar (Vitebsk, Minsk, Drutskiy waxaan T. D.). Qaar ka mid ah magaalooyinka ay sabab u tahay dagaallo iyo guurka saldanadii in Smolensk Rurikovich maray. Laakiin kooxda ugu halista badan ee Polotsk, shaki ku jirin, waxay ahaayeen Lithuanians. Markii hore, qabiilooyinka Baltic fuliyeen weeraro ugaadhsiga on dalka Ruushka. Kolkaasay waxay ku dhaqaaqay in guulaha. In 1307 Polotsk dambeyntii qayb ka mid ah awoodda curdinka Lithuanian noqday.

Volyn

In gobolka Volyn ah (koonfur-galbeed ee hadda maalin Ukraine) in la kala saaro laba xarun siyaasadeed oo waaweyn - Vladimir-Volyn oo Galich. Ka dib markii uu noqday madax banaan Kiev, Monaco waxay bilaabeen inay u tartamaan kasta oo kale oo loogu talagalay hoggaanka gobolka. Dhammaadkii qarnigii XII ee Roman Mstislavovich midoobeen laba magaalo. Waxaa la odhan jiray Monaco ee Galicia-Volyn. Saamaynta ay ku Boqortooyada ahaa sidaas u weyn oo uu Sheltered eryey ay Saliibiyiintu ka Constantinople ah Byzantine Emperor Alexios III.

Wiilka Daniel Roman warkiisiina wuxuu gaadhay qaalisan guul aabbihiis. Waxa uu si guul la diriray oo polish ah, Hungary iyo Mongols waqti ka waqti galaan isbahaysi qof deriska ah. In 1254 Daniel tan iyo Pope ka qaadeen horyaalka ee King of Russia, ayaa rajeynaya in ay caawin Western Europe ee dagaalka ka dhanka ah steppe ah. uu dhintay ka dib, ka madax Galicia-Volyn galay burbur ku dhacay. Marka ugu horeysa, waxaa waxaa loo kala qaybiyey dhowr qaybood, ka dibna waxaa LABAGEEDI by Poland. qaybsanaanta ee qadiimiga Russia, halkaas oo kibir ah si joogto ah u arkayo mid kasta oo kale, hortagi dagaalka iyada hanjabaadaha dibadda.

Smolensk

Smolensk kibir ku taal bartamaha juquraafi ahaaneed ee Russia. Waxa uu noqday madax banaan ina markii Mstislava Velikogo Rostislav. Dhammaadkii qarnigii XII ah kibir ah ee qadiimiga Russia ayaa mar kale bilaabay halgan qadhaadh, waayo Kiev. The ugu muhiimsan awoodda magaalada qadiimiga ah ee Smolensk iyo Chernigov ahaayeen taliyayaashii.

hogaanka ah, oo durriyadii Rostislav awood gaaray Mstislav Romanovich. In 1214-1223 GG. uu garoomada ma aha oo kaliya Smolensk, laakiin Kiev. Waa amiir oo intaasu waxay ahayd bilaabaha ee isbahaysiga ugu horeysay antimongolskoy adkaaday on Kalka ah. Ka dibna waxa Smolensk ka yar kalena ay ku dhaawacmeen xilligii dagaaladii. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, taliyayaasha ay ku aamaanay in Horde Golden ah. Tartiib tartiib kibir isugu majuujin saamayn helo Lithuania iyo Moscow. Independence duruufaha sida kari waagii hore. Sidaas darteed, in 1404 Lithuanian amiirka Vytautas Smolensk si dabiici ah ku lifaaqan oo uu hantidiisa.

Van in Eye

madax Ryazan degan dalka Oka Dhexe. Waxaa ka kaarto taliyayaashii Chernigov istaagay baxay. In 1160-mada ka Ryazan qarxay Moore. Mongol duulaankii gancan ku dhuftay qarkiisa. Dadka deegaanka, amiirradii, madaxda of qadiimiga Russia ma ay garan khatarta by duulay Bari. In 1237 magaalada ugu horeysay ee Russian Ryazan Waxaa la wada baabbi'iyey joogow steppe. In mustaqbalka, kibir la dhibtoonayo awooda sii kordhaysa ee Moscow. Tusaale ahaan, taliyaha Ryazan Oleg Ivanovich muddo dheer soo horjeeda Dmitriya Donskogo. Ryazan si tartiib tartiib lumin dhulka. Waxaa la LABAGEEDI by Moscow ee 1521.

Novgorod Republic

sifooyinka taariikhiga ah ee madaxda ah ee qadiimiga ah rus ma noqon karo dhamaystiran oo aan xusuusanayaa ah ee Jamhuuriyadda Novgorod ah. gobolka Tani waxay ku noolaa sida ay xaaladda siyaasadeed iyo bulsho ee ay si gaar ah. Halkan waxaa la aasaasay Jamhuuriyadda ah laandheere saamaynta xoogan oo Chamber caanka ah. Princes ayaa loo doortay saraakiishii (waxay la marti qaaday dalalkii kale Ruush).

Nidaamka siyaasadeed A la mid ah ayaa sameeyay in Pskov, kaas oo la odhan jiray "walaalka ka yar Novgorod." Labadan magaalooyinka waxay ahaayeen xarumaha ganacsiga caalamiga ah. Marka la barbar dhigo xarumaha siyaasadeed Ruush kale waxay ku lahaayeen xiriirada ugu la Western Europe. Ka dib markii Mareykanka Baltic soo qaaday Catholic military amar monastic, oo u dhexeeya Knights iyo Novgorod bilaabay khilaaf halis ah. halganka Tani waxay gaadhay jiro boosaska ee 1240-mada. Waxay ahayd markaa in ay dadka iswiidhishka iyo Jarmalka oo iyana adkaaday Prince Alexander Nevsky. Marka ku dhawaad dhammeeyey Jidka taariikhiga ah ee Russia Baydka si wayn Duchy ee Moscow, Jamhuuriyadda keligay ah ayaa layga tegey Ivan III. Waxa uu ka guulaystay Novgorod ee 1478.

Waqooyi-bari Russia

Xarumaha ugu horeysay siyaasadeed ee Russia North-Eastern in qarniyo XI-XII ah. ahaayeen Rostov, Suzdal iyo Vladimir. Waxaa meesha ka Wiilashii Monomakh iyo wiilkiisa yar Yuriya Dolgorukogo. The hadha ee aabbihiis Andrew Bogolyubskii iyo Vsevolod Nest ee Big xoogeeyey awoodda Vladimir kibir, waxa ugu weyn oo ugu adag in rus ku kala qaadashada.

Marka carruurtu Vsevolod Big Jack bilaabay weyn dagaalka sokeeye. Markaasay waxay bilaabeen inay u muuqdaan xer xeran marka hore. Laakiin musiibada dhab u yimid Russia North-Eastern, wada jir ah ula Mongols ah. Reer guuraa ayaa shaaca gobolka this, wax badan oo magaalada lagu gubay. Inta lagu jiro xeerka Khan ilkeed aqoonsan Vladimir amiirro kale waayeelka Russia oo dhan. Edit fuliyeen kuwa helay calaamad gaar ah.

In halganka loogu talagalay Vladimir qoondeeyo laba cadow cusub: Tver iyo Moscow. sarreysey ee ay iska hor imaad u yimid bilowgii qarnigii XIV ah. In tartankaan guusha ahaa Moscow. Tartiib tartiib amiirradiisa oo ku biiray Russia North-Eastern, rogay harqood Mongol-Tatar oo ugu danbeyn abuuray gobolka midaysan Ruush (ugu horeysay ee ay boqorka ku ahaa 1547 noqday Ivan Grozny).