Polonskiy Yakov Petrovich: Biography iyo shuqullo

Ka mid ah qorayaasha Ruush ee qarnigii XIX ku leeyihiin gabayaaga iyo qorayaasha, kuwaas oo shaqadoodu waa u muhim ah sida tabarruca uu si suugaanta qaranka dhaxeeya kooxo ka, sida Pushkin, Gogol iyo Nekrasov. Laakiin iyaga oo aan, our suugaanta qaadi lahaa midabyo badan oo kala duwan, ballaadhkiisuna oo qoto dheer iyo digtoonaan dunida Ruush, ka dhamaystiran oo dhameystiran daraasadda naf adag oo quruunteenna. meel gaar ah ayaa ka mid ah erayada etihmasterov qaadataa gabayaa iyo ayaadse Polonsky. Yakov Petrovich noqday calaamad u ah xiriirka ka mid ah qorayaasha Ruush weyn, kuwaas oo ku noolaa bilowga iyo dhamaadka qarnigii sagaal iyo tobnaad.

hooyo A ee Ryazan

My dab ceeryaanta wuxuu u iftiimaa

Sparks bakhtiyeen on Daqsi ...

Qoraaga oo ka mid ah khadadka ka song ah oo uu muddo dheer loo dad, ku dhashay qalbiga Russia, in Ryazan gobolka. Hooyo Abwaan mustaqbalka - Natalia Y. - qoys Kaftyrevyh jir yimid oo aabbihiisna wuxuu ahaa Nin sharaf ah u sabool ah, intii ka adeegi jirtay Xafiiska Grigorevich Petr ku Polonsky Ryazan taliyaha guud. Yakov Petrovich, ku dhashay bilowgii December 1819kii, wuxuu ahaa kii ugu weynaa ee ay toddoba carruur ah.

Yacquubna markuu ahaa 13 sano jir ah, oo hooyadiis ayaa ku dhintay iyo aabihiis marka waxaa loo doortay inuu booska dayaca ahaa wuxuu tegey Erivan, ka tago carruurta ee daryeelka qaraabada naagtiisa. By markii ugu Yakova Petrovicha Polonskogo ayaa hore u maray horeysay gymnasium Ryazan, oo ahaa mid ka mid ah xarumaha hiddaha nololeed ee magaalada dal.

Shirkii Zhukovsky

Wadahadal in jiib ee sano marka ay ka talinaysay ahaa hanad ka mid ah Pushkin, waxa uu ahaa mid caadi ah. Ka mid ah kuwa ay leeyihiin penchant muuqata kala duwan ee hal-abuurka ku ladhan, soo bandhigeen awood aad u fiican, waxaa sidoo kale jiray iskuul yar oo Polonsky. Yakov Petrovich, kuwaas oo Biography waxaa ka buuxa durkin shukaansi in qorayaasha fiican Ruush ee qarnigii XIX ah, oo inta badan loogu yeeri ah oo ku saabsan kulanka, taas oo saamayn weyn ku uu ku soo xulan xirfadiisa wax qora ee.

In 1837 wuxuu booqday Ryazan mustaqbalka Emperor Alexander II. Crown Prince shir at darbiyada gymnasium Polonsky ah, oo wakiil ka ah agaasimaha, ku qoray Salaan aayadda ku Labadan aayadood, mid ka mid ah oo ay noqotay in la sameeyaa heesaya si habayn ah ee "Ilaah Save Tsar ah!", Kaas oo noqday heesta rasmiga ah ee Empire Ruush ah muddo sanado ah kaliya 4 hore. In fiidkii, ka dib markii a dhacdooyinka ee la soo dhaafay guul ku lug leh dhaxalka lahaa carshiga ku xidhan, oo ah agaasimaha gymnasium ku marti dhaweynta, halkaas oo gabayaa dhallinyarada noqday ogyahay qudhiisu qoray qoraalka ah ee heesta cusub - Vasiliem Andreevichem Zhukovskim.

Abwaan caan ah ayaa, mentor oo saaxiib dhow ee Pushkin weyn amaanay gabayo Polonsky. Yakov Petrovich, maalin ka dib bixitaankii Alexander xitaa abaal ka wakiil ah watch dahab ah boqorka mustaqbalka. Zhukovsky Mahad xoogaystay Polonsky aad doonaysaan inuu naftiisa uga dhigeen si loogu suugaanta.

Moscow University

In 1838 wuxuu noqday arday ka mid ah kuliyadda sharciga ee Jaamacadda Moscow. Saffarro ayaa had iyo jeer ku riyaaqay sociability cajiib ah, soo jiidashada gudaha iyo dibadda, kuwaas oo ku kala duwan yihiin Polonsky. Yakov Petrovich si deg deg ah helay isbarteen ka mid ah tirooyinka hoggaamineed ee sayniska, dhaqanka iyo farshaxanka. Qaar badan oo ka Moscow waqti saaxiibada jaamacadda waxay noqdeen saaxiibo u ah nolosha isaga for. iyaga ka mid ah - Abwaan Afanasiy Fet iyo Apollon Grigoriev, taariikhyahanadu Sergey Solovyov iyo qorayaasha Konstantin Cavelin Aleksey Pisemsky iyo Mikhail Pogodin, Decembrist Nikolai Orlov, Faylasuuf iyo wariye Peter Chaadaev, actor weyn Mikhail Shchepkin.

Sanadihii kuwa, ay dhalatay Polonsky saaxiibtinimo dhow iyo Ivan Turgenev, la qiimeeyaa hadiyadda kasta oo kale oo sanado badan. Iyada oo taageero ka saaxiibo, daabacaadan ugu horeysay Polonsky - weriyey "Notes of Fatherland ah" (1840) iyo ururinta ah gabayo, "gamma" (1844).

In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in tijaabo ugu horeysay ee Abwaan dhallinyarada ahaa wanaagsan helay by dhaleecayn, sida Belinsky, in uu rajeynayo in ay ku noolaadaan shaqo ah suugaanta ahaayeen riyooyin gaab. sano ardayga Polonsky in saboolnimada iyo cidhiidhi maray, oo uu ku qasbay in ay si joogto ah u helaan siinayo casharo gaar ah iyo umeerin. Sidaa darteed markii dadka fursad u kacday si aad u hesho meel xafiiska taliyaha Caucasian of Tirada Vorontsov, Polonsky tagay Moscow, ka dib ka qalin Dabcan jaamacad.

On waddada

Tan iyo 1844 kii kowaad ee Odessa ku noolaa, ka dibna u dhaqaaqay Tiflis. Wakhtigan, uu kula kulmay walaalkiis Pushkina Lvom Sergeevichem, shuraakowday wargeyska "Transcaucasian Gazette". Out of ururinta ah ee gabayada uu - "Sazandar" (1849) iyo "A yar gabayo" (1851). In Aayaadka markii ugu jirto dhadhan gaar ah, u waxyoonay by yiqiin gabayaa ee caadooyinkii dhulka jooggiisu sarreeyo, iyadoo taariikhda Russia ee halganka si loo ansixiyo ee xuduudaha koonfurta.

Kuwani Polonsky awood aan caadi ahayn u farshaxanka muuqaalka ah lagu arkay wakhtigii tababarka dugsiga Ryazan ah, sidaa darteed, waxyoonay by muuqaal gaar ah oo ka mid ah Caucasus iyo degaanka ku hareereysan, waxa ay ahayd badan oo sawirka iyo rinjiyeynta. jiidashada Tan waxaa ku weheliyay Abwaan nolosha oo dhan.

In 1851, Yakov Petrovich tegey caasimada, Saint Petersburg, halkaas oo uu ku kordhiyay goobada of saaxiibbadiisa suugaanta iyo adag u shaqeeyo on gabayo cusub. In 1855 wuxuu daabacay buug kale, gabayo way sahlan daabacaan wargeysyo suugaanta ugu wanaagsan - "Casriga" iyo "Notes of Fatherland ah", laakiin fiiga ma bixin karaan xitaa jiritaanka a suubban. Wuxuu noqonayaa macalin ina Guddoomiyaha St. Petersburg Smirnov. In 1857, sarkaal sare oo ka mid ah qoys u safraya Baden-Baden, iyaga waxaa la dibadda iyo Polonsky tagaa. Yakov Petrovich ayaa si ballaadhan u safray Europe oo dhan, qaadashada casharada barbaro ee fannaaniinta Faransiis, ayaa la kulmay qaar ka mid ah qorayaasha Ruush iyo ajnabiga ah iyo fanaaniinta - gaar ahaan, caanka Aleksandrom Dyuma.

nolosha Personal

In 1858 Polonsky soo laabtay St. Petersburg naagtiisa dhalinyarada - Elena Vasilyevna Ustiug, kii uu ku kulmeen Paris. Labada sano ee soo socda u ahaayeen Yakov mid ka mid ah ugu naxdin leh ee nolosha. First uu uu gaaray dhaawac halis ah, cawaaqibka oo ma noqon doonto in laga takhaluso ka hor dhamaadka ee uu noloshiisa, iyadoo la kaashanayo ulaha dhaqaaqin oo kaliya awood. Markaas xanuunsan Harar iyo dhinto naag Polonsky, iyo dhowr bilood ka dib uu ku dhintay wiil ay dhashay.

Inkastoo riwaayadaha shakhsi ahaaneed, qoraaga la yaab leh ka shaqeeya adag iyo fruitfully oo dhan noocyo - ka gabayo lyrical yar, librettos buugaagta tiraab weyn-mugga content farshaxanka - ahaayeen waayo-aragnimada uu ugu xiisaha badan ee qorkiisa iyo saxaafadda.

Guurka Labaad ee 1866 Polonsky weheliso Zhozefinoy Antonovnoy Ryulman, wuxuu noqday hooyadii saddex carruur. Waxay ka helay awoodaha sculptor iyo sida firfircoon nolosha farshaxanka ee caasimadda dalka Ruushka. The guriga iyo ku dheehan suugaaneed lagu qabtay Polonsky, oo waxaa ka soo qeyb ugu qorayaasha caanka ah iyo fanaaniinta waqtiga. fiid iyo Kuwani sii markii qaar ka mid ah dhimashada Abwaan, taas oo daba socday October 30, 1898 ka dib.

oo dhaxalkaygiina

Legacy Yakov sare oo lagu qiyaasay in aan qummanaynu. feature ugu weyn ee gabayada Polonsky loo arkaa in ay lyricism asal ahaan in nasjonalromantiske ku hodanaynta hanad ka mid ah Pushkin. Lama filaan ma uu tixgeliyaa bedelka run ah oo ka mid ah dhaqanka ee Abwaan weyn, oo aan micne lahayn, gabayo Baklanov waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa in uu heeso ka composers ugu caansan - Tchaikovsky, Mussorgsky, Rachmaninov iyo kuwo kale oo badan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xataa kuwii ku caashaqi jiray aamin hadiyadda gabay Polonsky rumeysan yahay in guulaha ugu badan ee uu shaqada oo aan wax badan.

In saddexaad ee ugu danbeysay ee qarnigii XIX ee aqoon yahanno Ruush loo qaybiyay laba xeryaha - ka "galbeedka" iyo "Slavophiles". Mid ka mid ah kuwa doonayeen inay muujiyaan ballanqaad cad in mid ka mid ah labada dhinac uu ahaa Polonsky. Yakov Petrovich (xaqiiqooyinka xiiso leh oo ku saabsan khilaafaadka akhriska ay la Tolstoy waxa ku sugan-qorka ee saffarro) muujiyay a fikrado dheeraad ah oo muxaafid ah oo ku saabsan Russia ee sii kordhaya dhaqanka Yurub, halka ay inta badan kula heshiiyey saaxiibkiis - a "Galbeed" cad Ivan Turgenev.

Waxa uu ku noolaa a shuqulladaada iyo fikradaha nolosha qoraaga Ruush hodanka, isagoo helay duco ka saffarro Pushkin iyo sii joogi Abwaan hadda, markii la soo baxna star of garabka. Tilmaan iyo dareen this, Metamorphosis ee muuqaalka, taas oo uu maray Polonsky. Yakov Petrovich, sawir kuwaas oo dhamaadkii qarnigii hore u farsamo kaamil ah, u muuqataa in ay Wehbe ee markii ugu danbeysay ee awowe jooga, in ay ogaadaan muhiimada ay jidka ku safray.