Peter Kuzmich Anokhin, Academician: Biography A, qayb sayniska

Madaxdii Gaalowday oo saynisyahan-physiologist qarnigii XX ah , Peter Kuzmich Anokhin - academician, aasaasaha dugsiyada sayniska caan ah, aasaasihii oo ka mid ah laamaha cusub ee sayniska ee maskaxda, taas oo noqday horseed ee cybernetics - martay, caadiga ah ee cilmiga ah Soviet. Imaatinka qoys-xoogsatada fudud, oo wuxuu noqday physiologist dunida-caan ah, keeno mudnaanta cilmiga Soofiyeeti ee beeraha badan oo neurophysiology, halka loo bandhigi cadaadis wareegsan ay colnimadiinna in la raaco sayniska ansixiyey dabcan fikrad xaqiijin.

"Waxaan ku dhashay galay dooxadii"

Oo wuxuu xusuustay inay aabbihiis iyo hooyadiis waxay ahaayeen kuwo aan waxna qorin oo saxiixay labada iskutallaabtiisana. Waxa ay ahayd wax caadi ah ka dhex deggan oo durdurka - ugu proletarian of Tsarina ah. Halkan, in qoyska shaqaalaha tareenada iyo ku dhashay ee Academician Anokhin. Oo isaga ugu dhashay - January 27, 1898. Aabbaha - Kuzma Vladimirovich - daran iyo nin taciturn - ka Cossacks Don u yimid. Hooyo - Agrafena Prokofyevna, hooyo a of gobolka Penza - wuxuu helay dabeecad noole iyo bulsho ah, iyo feature ugu muhiimsan ee wiilka noqday cajiib ah iyo damac aqoon.

Ka hor inta kacaanka, uu helo waxbarashada dugsiga sare - laga bilaabo dugsiga farsamada (1914) qalin iyo galaa sahan dalka, dugsiga agronomic in Novocherkassk. Si dhakhso ah uu ka dhigan laftiisa ku ah danaha sayniska noolaha, aqoonta qofka, gaar ahaan isaga oo maskaxda. Waxa uu bilaabaa xiiso firfircoon ee suugaanta cilmiyeed ku saabsan arrintan, la hadal macalimiinta sayniska dabiiciga ah, kaas oo ugu yaraan ku siin karaan jihada a hammigii ay obrazovatelskih.

Member of Dagaalkii Sokeeye

asal Proletarian Anokhina u sameeyey qayb caadi ah ee dhacdooyinka kacaan ee 1917, ka dibna Dagaalkii Sokeeye dhinaca Bolsheviks ah. Intii lagu guda jiray kacdoonkii Cossack ee February 1918 Tsaritsyn halis ku ahaa, oo ninkii dhallinyarada ahaa ee uu difaaca - waxaa loo magacaabay kormeeraha ka mid ah shaqaalaha dhismaha ee qalcad military. In 1920, wuxuu ahaa firfircoon dacaayadda shuuciga - noqday Guddoomiyaha of Press ee Novocherkassk iyo editor maaraynta wargeyska weyn ee Degmada Don - ". Red Dawn"

Waxaa muuqataa in talanti oo halis ah sida qoraa, taas oo had iyo jeer lahaa dambe Academician Anokhin. Peter Kuzmich qoray inta badan la daabaco iyo wax badan oo ka mid ah articles wargeyska ah. Afkooda noole iyo tusaale ah soo jiidatay dareenka of Dadka commissar of Education AV Lunacharskogo kasbada safarada xilli hore. Waxa uu doonayay inuu la kulmo qoraaga dhallinyarada ahaa, oo waxaa jira shir, kaas oo lahaa mustaqbalka dhacdo saynisyahan-joojin ah. Anokhin sheegay commissar Dadka sida uu u jecel in ay bartaan iyo xiisaha ay u qabto qaab-dhismeedka maskaxda aadanaha, taas oo uu ku kaydsan yihiin inta lagu jiro oo dhan dhacdooyinka duufaan dalka.

spondylitis School

Wax yar ka yimid warqad kaas oo ka codsaday in ay u diraan Anokhina inaad wax ka barato cilmiga ku caan - Vladimir Mikhailovich Bekhterev, madax Institute State of Medical Aqoonta ee Petrograd. In 1921, Peter Kuzmich yimaado inaad wax ka barato dugsiga. Sida uu goor dambe qoray Anokhin, academician Bekhterev sameeyey wax ugu weyn ee isaga u - oo dhan ku xidhan caalamka, dhibaato sayniska caalamiga ah - waxa qarsoon ee maskaxda aadanaha, kadib markii koorsada ugu horeysay soo jiitay in cilmi.

Si dhakhso ah, si kastaba ha ahaatee, ardayga Anohin u fahamsan yahay in aysan u soo jiitaan maskaxda - jihada ugu weyn ee hawlaha sayniska ee spondylitis. Oo isna wuxuu u arkaa sida aad u Ta'wiil oo laga sheekeyn, in waxa lagu sheegay kaliya in qaab hadal. Waxa uu ahaa dheeraad ah oo soo jiitay in jirka ka mid ah maskaxda, fursad ay ku Akhriya by samaynta tijaabo si ay u dhali natiijooyin la taaban karo. Inkasta oo maamulka ugu weyn ee ku yaala goobahan jiray Ivan Petrovich Pavlov. Waxa ay ahayd in uu shaybaarka iyo 1922 Anokhin. Academician Pavlov soo jiidan saynisyahan dhallinyarada in ay tijaabiyaan on Iscelin gudaha - barta narrowest ah aragtida ah ee hummaag shuruud.

xer aamin ah Pavlov

Cabsadeen reer conventionalism sayniska, si looga fogaado in ay view hal dhinac, iska ilaali u hogaansanaanta indha la 'in ay gabagabadii isla, xataa haddii ay qayb ka mid ah aragtida ah u muuqda habboonaanta yihiin - shaqaalaha uu si baray physiologist weyn. Sidaas marka ee 1924 la daabacay maqaal "On Maadiga lahjad iyo dhibaatooyin maskaxeed", taas oo xubnaha qaar ka mid ah shaybaarada Pavlovian arkay isku day lagu doonayo on qodobada aasaasiga ah ee aragtida ah ee hummaag shuruud, iyo qoraaga of taas oo ahayd Anokhin, academician qudhiisa ayaa difaacay saynisyahan dhallinyarada.

On talo ah ee Pavlov Anohin ugu horeysay noqday bare ka ah ee Department of Physiology of Institute Leningrad ee zootechnical ka dibna professor of kulliyadeeda Caafimaadka ee Jaamacadda Nizhny Novgorod. On ku salaysan awood this waxaa la aasaasay Gorky Medical Institute, halkaas oo ay Department of Physiology oo uu bilaabo ay hawl sayniska iyo waxbarashada madax banaan Anokhin. Academician, kuwaas oo Biography ayaa muddo dheer lala xiriirinayay Gorky, bidix qorid ah oo ku saabsan taariikhda machadka iyo magaaladii ku wareegsan.

Institute of Medicine tijaabooyin

At the Department of Physiology of Medical Institute Gorky ah, taas oo Anohin soo jeestay mid ka mid ah ugu wanaagsan ugu soo galay dalka ee 1932 lagu dhisay laan ka mid ah All-Midowga Institute of Medicine tijaabooyin, kuwaas oo ah agaasimaha oo waxay noqdeen Anokhin.

In 1935 wuxuu ahaa wareejiyo si ay uga shaqeeyaan VNIEM in Moscow madaxa waaxda neuroscience, taas oo uu si firfircoon ugu hawlan yahay waxbarashada tijaabo ah hawl sare dareemayaasha. Waxa uu abuurayaa xiriirka firfircoon hay'adaha clinical, oo qaada cilmi wadajir ah la practitioners, Takhaatiirta dareemeyaasha iyo neurosurgeons. Natiijooyinka waxbarashada, kuwaas oo door muhiim ah inta lagu guda jiro Anokhina on dhibaatooyinka dhaawacyo dagaal ee habdhiska ka durugsan ciyaaray intii lagu jiray Dagaalkii ka Great Patriotic.

Halganka loogu nadiifiyo of taxane sayniska

taariikhyahanadu badan oo ka mid ah sayniska qaranka ayaa sheegaya in ay ka saareen Anokhina caasimada dacallada ka - in ka dibna Nizhny Novgorod, waxaa soo saaray fikrad ka Pavlov, si ay isaga ka raacdada ay lama huraan fikrado aad u madax banaan iyo falalka badbaadiyo. Xarakada badan oo dhinaca fikirka yaabay go'aanka Anokhina si ay u joojiyaan bixinta Sakada xisbiga inay si iskood ah uga baxaan xisbiga. Waxa uu dareemay in shaqada bulshada isaga joojin kartaa in cilmiga sayniska.

Ay daacad u qodobada asaasiga ah ee aragtida ah Pavlovian naadiyey iyo Anohin-arday oo academician Anokhin. Seynisyahanno ku doodaya in waxyeello ugu weyn ee sayniska qoyska keeneen kuwa turjumaanada ee dhaxalkooda physiologist weyn, waa kan category ee runta aan beddelmi karin waa sidaas maleegey fikrado muujiyay by Pavlov in yar sida go'aano ama fikrado aan saamayn ku content iyo saxsanaanta ah postulates aasaasiga ah ee aragtida ka soo kiciyey.

guuldaradii ee jirka Soviet

Later, wuxuu soo xusuustay badan oo ku saabsan fadhiga caanka Pavlovian - kulan wadajir ah oo ka mid ah Academy of Sciences ah USSR iyo Academy of Sciences Medical ee USSR dhacay xagaagii 1950. waxaa On, raaceen by genetics, waxaa la hoos geliyey wax nadiifinta jirka ah Soviet. saynisyahano Dhowr keentay, la ixtiraamo ee bulshada sayniska, sakhiray si ay cadaadis arxan for "fogaanta dhexdeena ka waxbarista Pavlov" iyo jaceylka uu u meelaha idealistskimi ganacsade cilmiga nafsaaniga ah. L.Orbeli A. Speransky, I. Beritashvili, L.Shtern - takoorid xertii ugu dhow oo aamin ah Pavlov soo gaaray. Hard ayaa dhaleeceeyay iyo dhaqan in ka muujiyay Academician Anokhin. Peter Kuzmich, kuwaas oo Biography ayaa lala xiriiriyay iyaga la dhigay ilaa 1944 by the Institute of Physiology ee Academy of Sciences Medical ee USSR ah, ayaa laga saaray hoggaanka, iyo ilaa 1953 - ilaa uu ka dhinto Stalin - professor a of the Department of Physiology, University Medical in Ryazan.

Waxtarka ugu weyn ee sayniska

Fikradda ah nidaamka functional - natiijo dabiiciga ah ee horumarinta aragtida ah Pavlovian. Aragtida sidaan ah waxaa si balaadhan looga aaminsan yahay guulaha cilmiyeed ugu weyn, isaga oo gacan ka ugu muhiimsan ee sayniska dunida ku saabsan maskaxda aadanaha. Waa in loo sharaxo geedi socodka muhiim ah jirka ee ay sabab u tahay jiritaanka waxa ku jira ururada gaarka loo leeyahay ee gaarka ah iyo ururada iyadoo la kaashanayo neural iyo humoral shaqada (sameeyay iyada oo dareere) xeerarka.

Nidaamka noocan oo kale ah waxaa loo yaqaan is-nidaminayo, sababtoo ah waxaa jira horumar joogto ah. Natiijada nidaamyada sida uu noqdo fal dabeecadda ah, taas oo ay jirto qiimaynta afferentation bedelka --celin. Aragtidani waxa ay waa aasaaska loo sayniska ee hababka diyaarinta, kala iibsiga, kaydinta iyo Isbadal macluumaadka - Cybernetics. Aabaha sayniska this - Norbert Wiener - shaqo la qiimeeyaa, qoraaga ah taas oo ahayd Academician Anokhin. Photo dhigay inta lagu guda jiro socdaan si wadajir ah iyo Wiener Anokhin ee Moscow, ayaa noqday calaamad u ah xiriirka dhow ee labada cilmiga.

Biological aragtiyaha dareenka, aragtiyaha ee xillo iyo hurdo, gaajo iyo habab dheregtaan of Iscelin gudaha - kuwaas oo dhibaatooyin Anohin ka qayb qaatay sannadihii la soo dhaafay. Waxa uu isku daro uu cilmi baaris la waxqabadka urur bulshada sayniska gudaha iyo dibadda, ka qaybgalka loox tifaftirka ee publications badan, iwm

PK Anokhin ka koorsada nolosha March 5, 1974 ka qalin, ka tago sumcad wanaagsan bay tayada aadanaha iyo dhaxalka sayniska weyn.