Butlerov Aleksandr Mihaylovich. Biography kooban oo Butlerova AM

Butlerov Aleksandr Mihaylovich, Biography gaaban oo laga helo dhammaan buugaagta ee chemistry - farmashiyaha caanka Ruush, asaasaha dugsi sayniska ee kimistari organic, aasaasihii aragtida ah ee qaab-dhismeedka xeryahooda organic, saadaalin iyo sharaxay isomerism tiro badan oo ah xeryahooda organic iyo dhexsameeysmo jirka qaar ka mid ah iyaga (methenamine, polymer formaldehyde ah iyo Pr.). Sidoo kale, Alexander, kuwaas oo qayb sayniska amaanay D. I. Mendeleev, shuqullada ku qoran on kaydsiga iyo beeraha.

Butlerov Aleksandr Mihaylovich: Biography gaaban

saynisyahan The mustaqbalka uu ku dhashay September 15, 1828 oo qoyska ka mid ah ciidamada hore, wakhtigaas, mulkiilaha. Aabbihiis Mikhail uu ku lug lahaa 1812 dagaalka, iyo ka dib is casilaada ee uu qoys ku noolaa tuulada ay isirka Butlerovka. Hooyo, Sophia Alexandrovna, ku geeriyooday da'da 19 sano, isla markiiba ka dib dhalashada. Caruurnimadiisii ku qaatay in Butlerovke Alexander iyo awoowe ee estate - tuulada Podlesnaya Shantala, halkaas oo Habaryarahaa oo ku saabsan waxbarashada. Marka ay tahay 10 sano jir ah ayaa loo diray in ay dugsiga hoyga ah ee gaarka loo leeyahay, halkaas oo uu ka adkaan Faransiis iyo Jarmal. In 1842., ka dib markii dab laga cabsado in Kazan, guddiga ayaa la xidhay, iyo Sasha wareejiyo si ay gymnasium 1 st Kazan. ururinta cayayaanka iyo dhirta, si adag u xiiso chemistry iyo fuliyay uu tijaabo ugu horeysay ee dugsiyadan Butlerov. Natiijada mid ka mid ah uu ahaa qarax, iyo ciqaabta wixii uu ku sameeyey Alexander - ". farmashiyaha weyn" gunaanaday in meeldhexaadka ah la huurada a on laabtiisa,

sano ardayga

In 1844, Butlerov A. M., kuwaas oo Biography waxaa permeated leh jacaylka chemistry, wuxuu noqday arday oo ka tirsan Jaamacadda Kazan, oo markaas ahaa xarunta cilmi dabiiciga sayniska. Marka ugu horeysa, wiilkii waa kaxaystay by cilmi barasho xayawaan iyo cilmi barasho dhir, laakiin markaas xiisaha uu sarkhaansan muxaadarooyin KK Klaus iyo N. N. Zinina faafay chemistry. On taladoodii ku saabsanayd in dadka dhalinyarada ah soo abaabulay shaybaarka guri, laakiin theme ee sayidkaaga ah, laga yaabee Zinin dhaqaaqay St. Petersburg, waxaa jiray dhicin.

Ka dib ka qalin jaamacad 1849 Butlerov Aleksandr Mihaylovich, kaas oo ka codsaday N. I. Lobachevsky iyo K. K. Klaus, isagu xaq buu isu soocay barista iyo cashar ku saabsan juqraafi jirka, fiisikiska iyo kimistariga. Oo Alexander ahaa codkar ah oo heer sare ah, ay awoodaan in ay si buuxda u qaban dhagaystayaasha ayaa mahad fiiro gaar ah u ah Hufnaan iyo qaxar. Waxa intaa dheer in muxaadarooyin ee jaamacadda Butlerov macalin si cad u heli karo. qaab Kuwani Kazan dhagaystayaasha mararka qaarkood ka jecel soosaarid masrixiyada moodada. Helay shahaadada Masterka ee 1851, isla sanadkaas wuxuu guursaday Nadezhda Mikhailovna Glumilino - walaasha Sergeya Timofeevicha Aksakova. Waxa uu difaacay sida uu u sha phD ee 3 sano ee Moscow State University ujeedadiisu ahayd "On the saliidaha lagama maarmaanka ah." Ka dib markii uu la doortay ee Jaamacadda caadi ahayn Kazan, dhowr sano ka dib professor buuxa oo ah kiimikada. Laga soo bilaabo 1860 in 1863 ka dhanka ah oo uu Ku-simaha double iyo Birmingham doonistiisa, principalship ku lahaa muddo halkii adag ee taariikhda ee jaamacadda: aaska Curtin iyo xasillooni bezdna in saamaysay ardayda iyo qaab-dhismeedka professorial.

Trip in Europe

Alexander si firfircoon uga qayb-galay hawlaha Society Dhaqaalaha ee magaalada Kazan, daabacay articles on beeraha, cilmi barasho dhir iyo floriculture. Biography Butlerov Alexander Mikhailovich waxay leedahay saddex safarada dibada, ugu horeysay ee kaas oo ka dhacay 1857-1858 GG. saynisyahan Ruush booqday Europe, halkaas oo uu ku lahaa in industry kiimikada iyo kulmay laboratories kiimiko keentay. In mid ka mid ah, in Paris, uu ka shaqeeyay muddo ku dhow lix bilood ah. Isla mar ahaantaana Butlerov Aleksandr Mihaylovich dhegaystay ah muxaadarooyin maankoodu Yurub caan ah sida Becquerel, E. Mitscherlich, J. von Liebig, Bunsen RV, oo wuxuu ka dhigay yiqiin ee Friedrich August Kekule - farmashiyaha Jarmal.

On uu ku soo laabtay Kazan Butlerov AM, kuwaas oo Biography waa oo xiiso ma aha oo kaliya in Russia laakiin sidoo kale dibadda, uu islaamay shaybaarka kiimikada, iyo waxbarashada sii methyl soo bilaabo Wurtz. In 1858, saynisyahan helay hab cusub oo synthesizing iodide methyl, iyo qaadeen tiro ka mid ah shuqulladii la xidhiidha soo kabashada ee taagayo ay. In ereygu wuxuu ahaa ee diacetate methylene ahaa polymer formaldehyde - saarka saponification oo ah walaxda, natiijada tijaabo on kaas oo ahaa hexamethylenetetramine iyo metileninat. Sayidka, Butlerov Avv horeysay total soo saaray macaaneeye.

Butlerov Aleksandr Mihaylovich: kooban oo ku saabsan guulaha ay cilmiga

In 1861 Butlerov sameeyey Speyer, ee Congress of dhakhaatiirta iyo saynisyahano Jarmal, la muxaadaro ah "On dhismeedka kiimikada ee arrinta", kaas oo ku salaysan yaqaano gobolka chemistry xiiso dibadda overpowering asaaska chemistry ka barta fekrad ahaan aragtida iyo tijaabo uu u gaar ah soo saaray waayo, dhammaan hawlaha sayniska. Oo uu aragtida, kaas oo ka mid ahaa fikradda ah awoodda ay formation of silsiladood oo ah atamka carbon of A. Cooper iyo valence A. Kekule, dhismayaasha kiimikada ee u taagoo moodayay, by habka saynisyahan xarunta a fahamsan atamka dhexdooda ku xiran tahay xaddiga gaar ah oo xoog kiimikada (buuna), mid kasta oo sifo eb.

dhinacyada muhiimka ah ee aragtida ah ee Butlerov

saynisyahano Ruush helay xiriirka dhow ee qaab-dhismeedka iyo kiimikada guryaha xeryahooda organic adag ka badan awoodaan si ay u sharxaan isomerism badan oo iyaga ka mid ah, oo ay ku jiraan saddex pentanes, laba butanes isomeric, alcohols kala duwan. Sidoo kale Butlerov aragti ka dhigtay in ay suurto gal tahay in la saadaaliyo daaweynta kiimikada iman kara iyo iyaga sharaxo.

Sidaas darteed, in uu aragtida ee Aleksandr Mihaylovich Butlerov:

• tusay failure jirey aragtiyaha Chemistry waqtiga;
• Waxa uu carabka ku adkeeyay muhiimadda ay leedahay in har ee aragtida ah qaaradda;
• Qaab dhismeedka kiimikada lagu qeexaa sida qaybinta buuna ciidamada ka tirsan atamka, dheehan atamka saameyn (si toos ah ama si dadban) in kasta oo kale, ku xiran yihiin noocyada kiimikada,
• 8 xeerarka jiilka kiimiko ah loo qeexay,
• marka hore la siiyaa farqiga u dhexeeya reactivities xeryahooda duwana, ay sabab u tahay tamarta hoose ama sare oo atamka ay ku xidhan yihiin, iyo sidoo kale cutubyo buuna kharashka qayb ahaan ama guud ahaan in la xirrira bonds dareenka.

horumarka cilmiga farmashiyaha Ruush

Biography Butlerova Aleksandra Mihaylovicha si kooban u sharaxay buugaagta, iyadoo taariikhaha naftiisa iyo guulaha ugu weyn ee sayniska. On account of saynisyahan tirada Ruush weyn ee tijaabo loogu talagalay si loo xaqiijiyo in uu aragtida. Saynisyahanka, pre-ku dhexsameeysmo jirka, loo aqoonsaday in 1864, qaab-dhismeedka jaamacadda khamriga butyl ee 1866 - isobutane, in 1867 - isobutylene. Sidoo kale bartay tiro ka mid ah qaab-dhismeedka of ethylene iyo carbon soo saaray ay polymerization.

In 1867-1868 GG. Butlerov Aleksandr Mihaylovich, Biography gaaban oo xiiso dhab ah aqoonyahaniinta adduunka oo dhan, waxaa loo magacaabay professor of chemistry at St. Petersburg University. La soo kooxdiisa of machadkan, Mendeleev adkeeyay asalnimada Butlerov waxbaridda, ma dheeraad ah oo shaqo qof kale, laakiin iska leh isaga si shaqsi ah.

In 1869 Butlerov dambeyntii deganaa ee St. Petersburg, halkaas oo uu ku doortay academician aan caadi ahayn, ka dibna caadiga ah ee St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences ah. Period nolosha ee St. Petersburg ahaa mid aad u firfircoon, professor sii tijaabo uu, aragti daafigaw wanaagsan ee qaab-dhismeedka kiimikada, inay ka qaybgalaan nolosha dadweynaha.

Danta nolosha saynisyahan a

In 1873, wuxuu bilaabay barashada taariikhda chemistry , oo uu macalin ku saabsan arrintan. Waxaan qoray ugu horeysay taariikhda ee maamulka sayniska, ku salaysan aragtida ah ee qaab-dhismeedka kiimikada - ". Hordhac baadhitaan dhamaystiran oo chemistry organic" Aleksandr Mihaylovich Butlerov waa aasaasihii dugsiga ee farmashiye Ruush, haddii kale loo yaqaan "dugsiga Butlerov." Mawqifkaa waxaa la daraasadda of chemistry waa si firfircoon xiiso beeraha. Gaar ahaan, waxa uu ahaa xiisaynayso beerista shaah ah in, Caucasus ee beerta iyo shinnida. Uu buugga "Sida loo eryi bees ah" iyo "Bee, iyada nolosha iyo xeerarka ugu muhiimsan ee shinnida macquul ah" si joogta ah republished, iyo majaladda "sheet kaydsiga Ruush" sida waxaa la aasaasay 1886.

In 1880-1883 GG. Butlerov Aleksandr Mihaylovich, Biography gaaban in keentaa aad la helay oo xiiso leh iyo muhiim ah ee saynis, wuxuu ahaa madaxweynaha ee bulshada Physico-farsamo Ruush. Isla muddadaas, saynisyahan ah oo aad u badan xiiso u spiritualism, kii uu la kulmay in estate Aksakov ee 1854. Later, farmashiyaha Ruush si dhow ula xidhiidha adeer naagtiisa Aksakovym A. N., daabacay Journal of spiritualism "Psychical Research" oo si kulul u difaacay ka hor xukumeen isbarteen iyo saaxiibada uu rabitaankiisa.

Qiimaha shuqullada Butlerova Aleksandra Mihaylovicha in chemistry

iscasilaadda ee Alexander lahaa inuu ka tago ee 1875, ka dib 25 sano oo shaqo adeega. Golaha St. Petersburg University iska dhaqaaqay laba jeer xilli ciyaareedkan ee 5 sano. muxaadaro ugu danbeysay ee Aleksandra Mihaylovicha Butlerova lagu qabtay March 14, 1885. Uu ku guuldareystay caafimaadka, hoos by daran shaqada sayniska iyo hawlaha bulshada: oo dhan lama filaan ah Butlerof a dhintay estate ee August 5, 1886. Scholar lagu aasay qabuuraha hooyo tuulada Butlerovki ah, oo iminka baaba'ay, ee goobta cibaadaysiga qoyska.

shaqada Butlerova intii uu noolaa heshay aqoonsi oo dunida ah, oo uu dugsiga cilmiyaysan waxaa loo arkaa qayb muhiim ah horumarinta chemistry ee Russia, iyo Biography ah Butlerova Aleksandra Mihaylovicha xiiso dhab ah culimada iyo ardayda. Alexander qudhiisu ahaa mid aad u soo jiidasho iyo nin isu la aragti bulsho ah, maskax furan, wanaag-dabeecad iyo saxsanaanta ardayda.