Papin, Denis - hanad nasiib

About isaga oo inta badan ku qor in uu goor hore waxa uu ku dhashay - inta lagu guda jiro dagaallo diimeed toobadda, ma ahaa ee maxkamadda. Waxa uu ugu yaraan boqol sano ka dib oo ay iftiinka ugu soo muuqday - uu talanti iyo tamarta keeno faa'iidooyin dheeraad ah oo barwaaqada ay kacaankii warshadaha.

Laakiin waxaa iman doona oo aan dadka sida Papen? Denis - ninkii sameeyey dhammaadkii qarnigii XVII ah si loo dardar-horumarka farsamada ka sii badan intii ugu.

The-jirka dhakhtar-jeestay

Halkii uu ku dhashay ahaa Shiten magaalada yar oo ku yaalla meel u dhow Blois - Xarunta Loir-iyo-Cher. Aabbihiis - taliye boqornimo Denis Papin (Denis magiciisa helay). Wuxuu ku dhashay saynisyahan mustaqbalka waxaa dhab ahaan lama yaqaan, laakiin mid la tilmaamay in taariikh nololeedyadii - August 22, 1647 - taariikhda baabtiiska. diinta qoyska Papen iska Huguenots ah - laan Faransiis ah Protestant.

Kaas oo noqday yaqaan jirka Faransiis caanka Denis Papin helay waxbarashada non-muhiimka ah. In qoyska hooyaday - Madlen Pino - oo dhan dhaqan ahaan lab noqdaan dhakhaatiir, iyo wiilkiisii curadka ahaa, iyadu waa inay helaan waxbarasho caafimaad. Ka dib ka qalin dugsiga Jesuit ah in 1661 ayuu bilaabay waxbarasho ee arrimaha caafimaadka ee jaamacadda Angers.

Macalimiinta iyo fasalka Denis ugu dhakhsaha ogaaday in daawada isaga xanbaarsan fog ka yar ee xisaabta iyo physics. Waxay arki karin xamaasad cad waayo, tijaabo jireed, taas oo muujisay Papen. Denis lahaa dhibaatooyinka qaar ka mid ah la sii daayo ka jaamacadda, iyo bixinta shahaadada dhamaystirka dabcan isaga la muujiyey condescension cad. Weli, wuxuu gaaray in Paris 1670 isagoo qasdigiisu yahay la bilaabo xirfado sida dhakhtar.

Kaaliyaha Hristiana Gyuygensa

Sida ahayd caado, oo wuxuu lahaa oo warqado ammaan ah in kaalmo u wacan in degitaanka magaalada. Mid ka mid ah iyaga ka mid ah waxaa lagu soo hagaajiyaa naagtii rasmi ah boqornimo, Jean-Baptiste Colbert - Marie Charron, farac ka mid ah meelaha la mid ah in Papen. Denis inta lagu guda jiro wada hadal iyada iyo ninkeeda ka hadlay sida uu u jecel yahay inuu ku lug leh cilmi-baarista, iyo nasiib uu ahaa. Colbert ka wakiil ah boqorka abaabulay koox shaqo ah qayb ka mid ah aqoonyahaniinta caan Hristiana Gyuygensa, kuwaas oo loo baahan yahay caawiye ah. Denis xiiso leh meeshan qaaday.

Markaasuu bilaabay inuu ku caawiyo tijaabo Huygens la vacuum, taas oo ka dibna uu xiiseynayo Holland caanka ah. Gaar ahaan, wuxuu la sugay bamka cirka ah, taas oo la abuuray iyaga oo gargaar ka jawiga vacuum ah, ayaa markii ugu horeysay by codsanaya waalka gaar ah. In 1674 wuxuu daabacay buug Papen "tijaabo New leh wax aan waxba tarayn", ka go'an in ay saamaynta deegaanka godadka on dhirta iyo noolaha. shuqulkii Papen iyo bamka ogaadeen Robert Boyle, mid ka mid ah aasaasayaasha Royal British ah Society, kaas oo lagu casuumay reer France ee London.

Papin ee England

Laga soo bilaabo 1676 in 1681 waxa uu ka shaqeeyay London, in iskaashi dhow la leh Boyle, oo mar dambe la saynisyahano kale oo caan ah - Robert Hooke. Waxay bixisaa qabashada tijaabo si ay u bartaan sifooyinka gaasas, isku mar ku hawlan mashruuc oo iyaga u gaar ah.

In 1679 wuxuu keenay oo uu been abuurtay - "dheef-shiidka cusub, ama hab si aad u jilciso lafaha" - noocooda ah ee shooladda cadaadis casriga ah iyo autoclave loogu daweeyo kulaylka ka mid ah maaddooyinka kala duwan. Marka horumarinta qalab this uu isticmaalo aqoonta uu ka helay sida jirka ah. Denis Papin soo jeediyay in la isticmaalo marka aad cunto karineyso hilibka kordhay cadaadiska ay sababeen kululaynta. Isaga oo cawsduur ololaya - weel la cover a, kaas oo ku xidhnaa leh boolal, taas oo u oggolaanaysa in cidhiidhi. cover The la saaray waalka miisaamay load, jidaynayey u ciyaaro off cadaadiska xad-dhaaf ah.

Laakiin hindisa ah u dhac ah - uu kuleeliyaha ma helin codsiga wax ku ool ah. Xir u fiirinaya ku adag tahay in ay isticmaalaan, awood la'aanta in ay si dhakhso ah u sii daayo hawada oo dhan ka dib markii la karinayo dhamaadka lidka faa'iido ah in waqti - noqotay in ay sugaan for qaboojinta si loo soo saaro daboolka. model shaqo makiinada cadaadis ka yimid oo kaliya ka dib markii in ka badan laba qarniyo.

Dhibtani of Europe

In 1681 wuxuu u safray Italy at martiqaad ee Giovanni Ambrosio Sarotte, Madaxweynaha Academy Venice ee Science, kuwaas oo ku riyooday si uu u siiyo muhiimadda, waxay la mid yihiin mid ka mid ah kuwaas oo lahaa Academy Paris iyo Society Royal ee London. Laakiin dadaalka uu ciyareedka markii uu diiday maalgelinta oo ka socda dawladda.

In Europe xoojiyey caddibaadda Brotestanka, laakiin sababta oo ah la baabiiyo of sharciyada Louis XIV ilaaliyo xuquuqda Huguenots ah, Papin ayaa laga badiyay fursad ay ku noqdaan waddankii. Iyada oo 1684 for 1687 waxa uu ka shaqeeyay London, ka dibna u dhaqaaqay Germany, iyo heysta booska uu ka professor of xisaabta ka dhiga jaamacadda Marburg. Waxaa uu go'aansado inuu guursado iyada adeer, kuwaas oo ka cararay isagoo ka baxsanayo cadaadis ee France iyo naag carmal ah oo kaga tegey gabadh yar yar ee hubka iyada.

alifay ee engine shiilayo

In 1690 wuxuu daabacay sharaxaad ka mid ah qalabka biyaha ku listo, kuwaas oo marka hore loo isticmaali engine shiilayo. alifay ee motor ah, iyadoo la isticmaalayo xoogga uumi, waxaa keentay waayo aragnimo ku helay intii uu shaqada on dheef-shiidka. ka dibna waxa uu dareemay ciidankii reer uumiga kulul awood ugu horreeyey. faahfaahinta Design ku caddaatay in siyaabo badan ee koorsada of waraaqaha la Gottfried Leibniz, ka hadlo tirada badan oo dhibaatooyin sayniska af iyo qoraal keentay this aqoonyahan weyn isaga la. Denis Papin ugu horeysay loo isticmaalo karinta uumi kulul weel oo kala duwan - dheri - iyo waalka ammaanka, siyaabo badan oo ka dhigay isticmaalka engine dhabta ah uumi. Seynisyahanno soo jeedinayaa in la isticmaalo aad drive for gaariyo is-baasuukayaal iyo doonyo, ay awoodaan in ay si dhakhso ah u guurto ka dhanka ah ee hadda ku, iyadoo la isticmaalayo wheel taki ah.

Fikradda ah oo cawo iyo webiga antagonizing Guild awood of sidayaal webiga arkay tartan xoog doonnida, oo la horumariyo Denis Papin. Sida sawirka of saynisyahan a on gunta weelka is-gano ah, baabbi'iyaa, dad ka mid ah Kuwii seebab iyo seebab waxaa inta badan lagu daabacay buugaagta taariikhda, inkastoo macluumaad lagu kalsoonaan karo oo ku saabsan xaqiiqda aan la sii raagayaan.

Papen ayaa sare oo kale oo aad u fiican markii in fikradaha. iyaga ka mid ah - foorno cusub barafku galaas, Ballista asalka - eedeeyay qori waayo tuuray masaafo dheer, oo ay ku jiraan by yahay hawada (noocooda ah ee dhacay Ex-Koontarool). In uu dhaxalka - gujis, mabda'a hawlgalka foornada qarax, isticmaalka vacuum waayo muddo dheer lagu keydiyo oo cunto ah, bamka culus.

qabriga ceebaalowyo carruurtood oo taallo weyn

Taariikhda dhabta ah ee dhimashada saynisyahan ka taagan yahay oo aan la garaneyn, iyo sidoo kale meeshii uu aaska. Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in uu u dhexeeya 1712 iyo 1714 ku dhintay. ee London. Sanadihii la soo dhaafay Papen ayaa hareeyay la'aan buuxda oo lacag iyo colaadda la Society Royal ah, taas oo loolan uu mudnaanta in la alifay ee kuleeliyaha shiilayo.

By intii nus qarnigii sharaf, dabayaaqadii-u qalantay kaas oo uu ugu danbeyn abaal Denis Papin ah. Sida sawirka of saynisyahan a decorates Academy Paris, Society Royal ah, wuxuuna ka mid ahaa in dhammaan buugaagta taariikhda ah ee sayniska. Cajiib taallo naxaas ah size ku rakiban guriga ee physics Blois.

image ee hanad ka fahmay, waxaana loo isticmaalaa si ay u caddeeyaan in kacaankii warshadaha iyo shahawada ee technology, kaamil qarnigii XIX ah, iyo xidido ku leeyahay Faransiiska.