Nikolay Gumilyov: Biography. Hal abuurka, sannadaha cimrigaaguna, sawiro

Gumilev Nikolay Stepanovich waxa uu ku dhashay 1886 in Kronstadt. Aabbihiisna wuxuu ahaa dhakhtar badda. carruurnimada All my Nikolai Gumilyov, sawir oo hoos ku qoran la soo bandhigi doono, lagu qabtay Tsarskoye Selo. Waxa uu ku bartay dugsiyada dadweynaha ee St. Petersburg iyo Tiflis. Isaga oo gabayo Abwaan horeysay Gumilev Nikolay ku qoray laba iyo toban sannadood. Waayo, markii ugu horeysay ee uu shaqada ayaa lagu daabacay in edition ah "sheet Tiflis" markii uu ahaa 16 sano jir.

Nikolai Gumilyov. Biography

By dayrta ee 1903 qoyska si Tsarskoye Selo soo laabtay. Waxaa Abwaan mustaqbalka dhamaysto tababarka dugsiga, kuwaas oo ah agaasimaha ahaa Ann. Ujeedadu waxay ka leexdo iyo nolosha Koli noqday ogyahay shuqullada Symbolists iyo falsafadda ah Nietzsche. Sidoo kale in 1903 Abwaan mustaqbalka la kulmay iskuulka a Gorenko (ka dib Akhmatova). Ka dib ka qalin dugsiga sare ee 1906, Nikolai Gumilyov, Biography taas oo ah mid aad u buuxa dhacdooyin sannadaha soo socda, u baxay inuu Paris. In France, uu ka qeyb galay muxaadarooyin iyo la kulmay wakiillo ka raceen ee suugaanta iyo farshaxanka.

Life ka dib dhamaadka gymnasium ah

Collection of "The conquistadores Jidka" ayaa noqday ururkii ugu horeeyay ee daabacaadda, kaas oo la sii daayay Gumilev Nikolay. Abwaan A ku jira marxaladaha hore waa, in jidka qaar ka mid ah, "a collection of aragnimada hore," taas oo, si kastaba ha ahaatee, ayaa hore u helay in ay dhaqdhaqaaq cod u gaar ah, ogan image ee geesinimo, lyrical, guulayste keliya. In dambe ee France, waxa uu isku dayay in ay soo saaraan a "Sirius" magazine. qolalka (saddexdii hore), Abwaan ku daabacan hoos magaca Anatoly Grant oo magiciisa ku hoos - Nikolai Gumilyov. Biography Abwaan sannadaha soo socda waa oo xiiso gaar ah. Waa in la sheegay in, halka in Paris, uu waraaqaha ku koob ee kala duwan oo soo diray: "rus" wargeyska, "Early Morning", "Balance" magazine.

muddo baaluq

In 1908 wuxuu sii daayay uu ururinta labaad, shuqulladii ay ahaayeen oo gooni loo sooco Gorenko ( "gabayada Romantic"). Tan iyo markii la bilaabay, iyo xilliga qaan ee Abwaan. Bruce, amaanay buugga ugu horeysay ee qoraaga, ayaa sheegay, ma ku farxaa aan, anigu ma aan qaldo in saadaasha ah. "Gabayada Romantic" noqday xiiso foomka, qurux iyo xarrago. By guga ee 1908, Gumilev in dalkiisa ku soo laabtay. In Russia, ayuu uu ogyahay wakiilada dunida suugaanta ee St. Petersburg, naqdiya joogto ah uu bilaabo inuu u muuqdaan in edition wargeyska ah "Hadalka" ah. Later, waxa ay sidoo kale Gumilyov bilaabo inuu daabacdo shuqulladoodu.

Ka dib safarka bariga

safar ugu horeeyay ee Masar ka dhacay dayrta 1908. Ka dib markii in, Gumilev ku qoran Kulliyadda Sharciga ee Jaamacadda ee magaalada, oo mar dambe loo wareejiyay taariikhda iyo Philology. Laga soo bilaabo 1909 wuxuu bilaabmaa firfircoon sida mid ka mid ah qabanqaabiyeyaasha ah "Apollo" magazine. In edition ilaa 1917. Waxay lahaa oo sidaas daraaddeed waa la daabacay turjumaadaha iyo gabayo, iyo sidoo kale in mid ka mid ah tiirarkii. Bright filan Gumilyov in dib u eegista uu iftiiminaya ah habka suugaanta ee tobanka sano ee hore ee qarnigii 20-aad. Dhamaadkii 1909 ayuu ka tagay dhowr bilood ah Abyssinia, oo uu ku soo laabtay daabacay buug, "Pearl."

Life tan iyo 1911

"Shop Poets" dayrta ee 1911 ayaa la sameeyay, taas oo uu ku muujiyey inay madax-bannaani ka calaamad in la abuuro uu barnaamijka bilicsanaanta. "The Khaasaarinta Wiilka" ENU fikiray gabay horeysay Acmeist. Waxaa ka mid ah ururinta a of 1912 "Alien Sky". By waqtiga la qoraa waxa ay mar horeba ku istiwooday sumcad "Syndic", "Master", mid ka mid ah ugu weyn ee gabayaaga casriga ah. In 1913 Gumilev u tageen inay kala badh hal sano ah ee Africa. Bilowga World koowaad ee Abwaan iskeed ah, waayo hore. In 1915, ee "Notes cavalryman" waxaa la daabacay, a collection of "gabooye". Isla muddadaas, daabacay shuqulladiisa daabacay "Gondla", "Child Ilaah". Si kastaba ha ahaatee, uu falalkooda waddani ugu dhakhsaha badan u gudbin doonaa, iyo in warqad gaar ah, uu qiray in isaga loogu talagalay, waxaad tahay waa kor ku xusan iyo Africa, iyo dagaal. In 1918 Gumilev gaadho tagaasida oo qayb ka ah Hussars in ciidamada Expeditionary, laakiin joogo London iyo Paris ka hor inta guga. Back in sannad la mid ah Russia, qoraaga wuxuu bilaabaa inuu ka shaqeeyo sidii turjumaan, diyaarinta Tacaddi ee Gilgamesh, ay gabayo ka mid ah Ingiriisi iyo gabayaaga Faransiis ah "Suugaanta World". Buuga "Tiir of Fire" wuxuu ahaa mid ka mid ah la soo dhaafay sii daayay Nikolai Gumilyov. Biography Abwaan dhamaatay la qabtay iyo dil in 1921.

Sharaxaad kooban oo shuqullada

Gumilyov biiray suugaanta ee Soviet sida Abwaan symbolist arday ah Valery Bryusov. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa la ogaadaa in xaqiiqda ah macallinkiisa ahaa Innokentiy Annensky. Abwaan Tani waxa ay ahayd, qofka baniadamka ah, oo ah agaasimaha mid ka mid ah dugsiyada sare (ee Tsarskoye Selo), taas oo uu ku bartay Gumilyov. theme ugu weyn ee uu shuqulladiisa ay ahayd fikrad ah ee rag ah Adkaan. Hero Gumilyov - doonis xooggan leh, nin geesi ah. Waqti ka, si kastaba ha ahaatee, uu gabay noqdo yar qalaad. Xaaladdan oo kale, iyo kacsi xaaraan ah qoraaga ee shakhsiyadda aan caadi ahayn oo xoog badan ayaa weli. Gumilev rumeysan yahay in dadka sida aan loogu tala galay caadiga ah, nolol maalmeedka. Oo isna intuu u heli isku mid. Wax badan ah, oo inta badan fikirka ku saabsan dhimashadiisa, qoraaga had iyo jeer waxa ay soo bandhigaysaa in HALO ah talaabo geesinimo leh:

Oo waxaan ma doonayo inaan ku dhinto sariirtiisa
Marka notary iyo dhakhtarka,
Oo qaar ka mid ah farqiga duurjoogta ah,
Maanshaynay ivy qarada weyn.

Love iyo falsafada aayaadka ka dib

Waxay jeelyihiin in badan oo shuqulladiisa Gumilev ayaa Nagi dareenkooda. Dabeecaddiisa in lyric jacaylka eegi ah gebi ahaanba ka duwan. Waxay noqon kartaa amiirad ka sheeko cirfiid a, lover halyeeyga caanka Dante Boqorad Masriga ahaa fantastik ah. line A gooni ah iyada oo uu gabay tahay in Akhmatova noqotay. Iyada ayaa la xiriira arrin aan sinnayn, xiriir adag, istaahilo Dhagartooda gaar ah novel ah ( "Waxay", "From den Zmiyov", "Tamer Xayawaanka" iyo wixii la mid ah.). gabayada dabayaaqadii Gumilyov ee ka tarjumaysaa predilection qoraaga ee mawduucyada falsafada. Oo wakhtigaas, oo ku nool Petrograd daran iyo gaajo, gabayaa ahaa firfircoon on istuudiyaha loogu abuuri lahaa fannaaniinta dhallinyarada ah, iyaga nooc ka mid ah sanam iyo macalinka. Oo wakhtigaas, ka qalinka of Gumilyov qaar ka mid ah shuqulladiisa ugu fiican, ka buuxsamay dood ku saabsan qaddar ee Russia, nolosha aadanaha, ujeedada ( "lumay taraamka", "The Sixth Sense", "Xasuusta", "akhristayaasha My," iwm).