Muddo Paleogene - markii ugu of formation of nuujiya. Paleogene sifo

Qaar ka mid ah muddooyinka oo ka mid ah dhulka ee taariikhda oo ka mid ah dhulka, Paleogene ah,, Devonian ku Cambrian, tusaale ahaan, ku kala duwan yihiin isbedelka xoogga on dhulka. Sidaas daraaddeed, 570 mln.- 480 milyan oo sano ka hor, si lama filaan ah u muuqday badan oo khayraadka. 400 million - 320 milyan oo sano ka hor, gaadhay dhaqdhaqaaqa orogenic peak. On dalka bilaabeen in ay ku faafaan dhirta abuur, lafdhabarka u muuqday. Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in ay tani tahay muddooyinka ugu firfircoon oo ka mid ah dhulka taariikhda dhulka. Qaab dhismeedka Paleogene n-d qolof adag yahay. Siyaabo badan waxa uu ahaa mid ah si casri ah.

Maqaallo xaaladaha dabiiciga ah

Guud ahaan, inta lagu guda jiro formation of dhismeedka qolof on meeraha hadhay heerkulka sare. Tani waa caddaynta ku baahsanaanta oo ka mid ah shuruudaha lamadegaanka, qaybinta xamaarato, horumar cayayaan (Paleogene, Perm). muddo Triassic calaamadeeyay bixitaanka of nuujiya heer hoose dinosaurs ugu horeysay. On dhulka dhirta dhilka heysatay. In Paleogene cimilada ahaa mid fudud. In heerkulka Equatorial ay gaari karaan 28 digrii, iyo meelaha u dhow badda woqooyi -. 22-26.

xuduuddadhulka

Inta lagu guda jiro Paleogene waxaa ka joogay shan qaybood:

• 2 fareen.
• Equatorial.
• 2 kulaylaha.

The heerkulka sare dallacsiiyey cimilada firfircoon. Mala'igtu alaabta laterite iyo kaolinite muhiimka ah oo ay redeposition waxaa lagu yaqaan in gaashaan reer Brazil ee California, India, Afrika iyo jasiiradaha oo ka mid ah Jasiiradaha Indo-Malay. In qaybta Equatorial bilaabay si ay u horumariyaan kaymaha canbaha qoyan. Waxay leeyihiin qaar ka mid ah egyihiin la Arrays jira maanta dalka ka hooseeya Sahara Africa iyo Amazon ee. Qoyan Tropics ahaayeen caadiga ah ee Western Europe, United States, gobollada koonfurta iyo bartamaha ee Yurubta Bari, qaybaha galbeed ee Shiinaha iyo Asia. In kaymaha qoyaan-jecel koonfurta zonebyli caadi ah canbaha. Waxaa dhacay ferriallitnoe iyo cimilada lateritic. tropics Southern daboola qaybta dhexe ee Australia, qaybo ka mid ah Koonfurta. America iyo Koonfur Afrika.

subtropics

Waxay la qaybiyey waqooyiga United States iyo madal Bariga Yurub, koonfurta Canada, Japan iyo Bariga Fog. Wada jir ah ula evergreens beerto broadleaf ayaa kordhiyay in goobahaasi. In ka subtropics Southern Hemisphere ahaayeen wax caadi ah oo ku yaalla koonfurta of Chile iyo Argentina, New Zealand iyo Koonfurta. Australia. Celceliska heerkulka biyaha dusha iyo badaha suunka epicontinental ahaa wax ka badan 18 digrii. Malaha shuruudaha la xiro si dhexdhexaad ah, waxaa adkaaday in dhulka of North Fog ee qaarada American North, on Peninsula Kamchatka ee bariga Siberia. Inta lagu guda jiro Eocene ah, size ee kulaylaha iyo goobaha Equatorial si weyn u balaariyay, shuruudaha subtropics waxaa ku barakacay ilaa hadda in gobollada kala horjeeda.

Paleogene sifo

Waxaa bilaabay 65 million, oo dhammaadkeedu wuxuu 23.5 milyan oo sano ka hor. Sida hay'ad gaar ah Paleogene Naumann ee 1866 loo qoondeeyay, uu ka mid ahaa Illaa marayso nidaamka jaamacadeed. Dhismaha qolof ah si wadajir ah ula soo dhufto ee odayaasha, iyo barbaarrada joogo. meelaha Recent faafinta filan weyn ee suunka laab geosynclinal. Aaggooda sidii bilowgii Mesozoic la barbar dhigo, si weyn hoos u dhacay gobolka Pacific. Halkan bilaw u yahay marxalad Cenozoic waxaa ka joogay ballaaran gobolka buurta duubnaadaan. In Safra waqooyiga in North America iyo Eurasia. Labadan madal ka koobnaa diyaariyeen ah ee qaababka qadiimiga ah iyo dhallinyarada. Waxay la wadaago weysada Atlantic ah, laakiin aagga Badda Bering ah, ayaa maanta ka jira ay ku xiran yihiin. In qaybta koonfureed ee qaarada of Gondwana hore u jirey. Jacaylku iyo Australia ahaayeen qaaradood oo kala duwan. South America iyo Africa ayaa kor u xiran Eocene dhexe.

Flora

Paleogene Cainozoe angiosperms kala duwan xoojisay awooda iyo softwood (gymnosperms). Arintaan ayaa loo qaybiyey si gaar ah ee latitudes sare. kaynta Equatorial adkaaday, taas oo koray dhirta badan caag, geedaha iyo wakiillo ka kala duwan ee sandalwood. Wadnaha ee qaaradda heysatay by-dhireed iyo savannas. latitudes Dhexe ahaayeen meelihii faafinta dhirta iyo dhirta ee latitudes qoraxda leh qoyaan-jecel kulaylaha. Waxaa jiray ferns geed, kabtiisa, cunto iyo geedaha mooska. In meelaha dhulka qaboobaha ah Halabuurka noocyada isbedel wayn. Halkan muddo Paleogene koray Araucaria, arborvitae, geed tirsah ah, geed alloon, Laurel, Chestnut, redwood, hadaaska ah. Dhamaan iyaga ka mid ah waxay ahaayeen wakiillo ka caadiga ah ee subtropics flora. Dhirta in muddo Paleogene ahaa iyo Circle Arctic ah. In America, Northern Europe iyo Arctic ka heysatay by kaymaha kaymo dhilka oo ballaadhkeeduna wuxuu irdo. Laakiin koray, kuwaas oo meelaha iyo dhirta fareen, sida kor lagu sharaxay. On ay horumarka iyo koboca ma saamayn gaar ah oo habeenkii kala horjeeda.

dubato jidhadhka

Xayawaanka in muddo Paleogene waa aadu uuga duwan waxa ay ka hor ahaayeen. Halkii dinosaurs ahaayeen nuujiya yar yar heer hoose ah. Waxay inta badan ku nool aaga kaynta iyo biyagaleenka. Si weyn u dhimay tirada lafdhabarka iyo xamaarato. Kolkaasay bilaabeen inay ku sii faafin proboscidian, doofaarka iyo tapiropodobnye, indikoterievye (u eg wiyisha a). Inta badan oo iyaga ka mid ah ayaa lagu habeeyay fulinta inta badan biyaha. In muddo Paleogene ee caalamka waxay bilaabeen inay degi doonaan sida awoowayaasha fardo, jiirka ee noocyada kala duwan. Waxbaa ka dib u muuqday creodontas (bahal). The dushooda dhirta oo waxay bilaabeen inay mashquulin shimbir lamafilaan ah. Savannah deggan diatrimy ugaadhsiga. Iyagu ma ay awoodaan in ay u soo duuli shimbirta. Cayayaanka ayaa lagu soo bandhigay noocyo kala duwan oo noocyo. In hore Paleogene waxay bilaabeen inay u muuqdaan lemurs - wakiilada oo ka mid ah kooxaha ugu heer hoose ah iyo koroowga - prosimians. Sidoo kale wuxuu bilaabay inuu deggan dalka marsupials waaweyn. Ka mid ah iyaga loo yaqaan iyo wakiilada herbivorous oo carnivorous.

wakiilada badda

In muddo Paleogene bilaabay ubaxu of molluscs bivalve iyo cephalopods. Marka la barbardhigo noocyada hore, waxay deggan yahay biyo milix leh ma aha oo kaliya, laakiin barkadaha brackish iyo biyaha saafiga ah. Qaar ka mid ah gastropods deganaa on dhulka ah. urchins badda aan joogto ahayn u noqday gaar ahaan baahsan ka mid ah xawayaanka kale, buushka, bryozoans, shacaab, cayayaan. yar la soo bandhigay crustaceans decapod. Waxaa ka mid ah, gaar ahaan, waxaa ka mid ah haley iyo carsaanyada. Si weyn u dhimay marka loo eego ka hor doorka muddo brahoipod iyo bryozoans. Sidaas darteed of baaritaano dhawaan, waxaa la ogaaday in qiimaha gaar ah ka mid ah noolaha waqtiga lahaa wakiilo nanoplankton - kokkolitofridy cqaadir. ubax oo ka mid ah algae dahabka lagu tiriyaa Eocene. Wada iyaga oo leh, waxaan leenahay qiimaha rockforming siliceous diatomaceous iyo flagellates. Badda sidoo kale la deggan yahay vertebrates. iyaga ka mid ah, kalluunka isticmaalka lafaha ugu baahsan. Sidoo kale, in badda oo goob joog ka ahaa wakiilo ka carjawda - rays iyo Akulovo. Markaasay waxay bilaabeen inay u muuqdaan awoowayaasha nibiriyada badda, Firimbiga, hoonbarrooyinka.

madal East-Yurub

Inta lagu guda jiro Paleogenic sida formation muddo neogene ku yaalla shuruudaha qaaradda. marka laga reebo waxa uu ahaa cawradooda yarna. Waxay la kulmeen darbo yar oo bilaabay in la daboolo badaha gacmeed. Horumarinta madal Bariga Yurub ee Cenozoic la xidhiidha isbeddel ah ee aagga Mediterranean. Marka hore, inta badan hoos, ka dibna - wiishka weyn. In qaybta koonfureed ee Paleogene ku sagged madal, oo waa ku xiga si ay suunka Mediterranean. In badaha gacmeed bilaabeen inay isku uruursadaan carbonate-clayey iyo korsiiya bacaadka ah. By dhamaadka weysada Paleogene waxay bilaabeen inay si degdeg ah hoos u, iyo in muddada soo socota - Neogene - sameeyay taliskii qaaradda.

madal Siberian

Waxay ahayd xaalad xoogaa ka duwan Bariga Yurub. Inta lagu guda jiro marxalad madal Siberian ee Cenozoic waxaa lagu soo bandhigay qaab meel ku filan sare kacsantahay nabaadguurka. Waxaan bilaabay si ay u sameeyaan nidaam buuraleyda ee jihada waqooyi-bari. silsilado Dhererka kordhay jihada of quruxsan oo la yidhaahdo wareegga Baikalsky. By dhamaadka AD muuqday dhul buuraley ah, danbow qaar ka mid ah oo ay gaaraan saddex kun. M. In qaybta axial nidaamka la aasaasay of Niyadjabka dheer oo dhuuban. Waxay kala bixin in ka badan ka fog oo ah in ka badan 1.7 kun. Km u jirta xadka Mongoliyaan in koorsada dhexe. Olekma. gudubno ugu weyn waxaa loo arkaa inay niyad-jabka. Baikal - qoto dheer ugu badan - 1.620 mitir.