Mount Rushmore. Madaxweynaha on Mount Rushmore

Mount Rushmore waa by ilaa hadda mid ka mid ah jiidashada ugu caansan oo caanka ah ee Maraykanka ee America. Sida laga soo xigtay tirakoob, sannad kasta Memorial Qaranka waxaa la booqday by qiyaastii saddex milyan oo dalxiisayaal ka magaalo iyo dal oo kala duwan. Si aad kuwa Americans Bas dhagax Rafaa noqdeen astaanta garabaka mabaadii'da on taas oo la abuuray oo ay gobolka.

Town ee Mount Rushmore

Dabcan, dad badan waa ay ka warqabaan jiritaanka dhagaxii farshaxan Rafaa. Laakiin halkan waxaa waa meesha Mount Rushmore? xusuus wuxuu ku yaalaa dhulka ee gobolka Maraykanka ee South Dakota, meel u dhow magaalada Kingston. Tani waxay Rafaa Bas-gargaarka la xardhay dhagaxa dhagax adag in Massif buurta ee Hills Black ah.

Qaar ka mid ah xaqiiqooyinka taariikheed oo ku saabsan degaanka

Waxa xiiso leh in ka hor bilowga gumaysigii oo ka mid ah dhulalka American ah oo kala duwan oo buurta iyo dhulka ku wareegsan oo iska lahaa Hindida ee Lakota. In 1868, Mareykanka xitaa saxiixay heshiis uu kula dadka deegaanka, sida ay sheegtay oo dalka ku hadhay dalkii hantida u ahaa Hindida ah. Laakiin sanadkii 1874kii iyagoo dahab ah waxaa halkan helay, ka dib markii ay Dawladda ayaa dalbaday in dib u dajinta dadka wadaniga ah ee Boos. Sidaas 1876 Great Sioux War, kaas oo ku dhamaaday guul ah Hindida ah.

Halkee ma magaca buurta?

Isla mar marka milkiilayaasha dalalka ahaayeen Hindi, buurta xirtay magac kale - Lix Aabayaalkanno. Laakiin 1885 ganacsade American caanka Charles Rushmore yimid ee ku yaala goobahan oo ay la socdaan duulaan ku.

In 1930, in xukuumaddu ay go'aansatay in ay magaca buurta la odhan jiray ka dib markii iyada forwarder caan ah - tani waxay ahayd Mount Rushmore oo dalka Mareykanka ah. By habka, Mr. Rushmore mar aqoonsaday shan kun oo doolar si ay u abuuraan farshaxan ah. Iyada oo deeq noocan oo kale ah waxaa loo tixgeliyaa inay si fudud u baaxad weyn.

Sidee fikradda ah abuuraya xusuus?

Dhab ahaantii, fikradda ah abuurista taallo noocan oo kale ah ma aha cusub. Tusaale ahaan, 1849, Senator Thomas Hart Benton soo jeediyay samaynta farshaxan weyn Hristofora Kolumba dalka reer Mountains Rocky ah.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, aabbe u ahaa caanka Mount Rushmore waxaa loo arkaa taariikhyahan Doane Robinson. Waxa uu ahaa kii 1923 dhigay soo jeedinta ah in garaaca yar farshaxan taariikhi ee Massif buurta inay soo jiitaan dalxiisayaasha. Dabcan, in uu fikrad yar ka muuqatay kala duwan, sida uu soo jeediyay in sawir geesiyaal West Wild ah.

Uu taariikhyahan fikrad lala wadaago sculptor caan Hudson Borglum. Oo durba 1924, waxay wada tageen si ay u sahamiyaan deegaanka Black Hills ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Borglum ayaa ogolaaday inuu hogaamiyo mashruuca oo kaliya haddii dadka Buur Rushmore ma yihiin jiidashada kaliya oo calaamad u ah abuurista xaalad weyn. Qofka la doortay waa in ay leeyihiin qiimaha ah dadka deggan mid kasta oo dalka. Sidaas dalalka Mount Rushmore leeyihiin "wejiga." By habka, dood ku saabsan doorashada ee tirooyinka si fiican u yaqaan ahaayeen muddo dheer.

Mount Rushmore: taliyayaashii iyo doorkooda horumarinta gobolka

Mid kasta oo ka siyaasiyiinta, muuqaalka kore ee kaas oo lagu xardhay dhagaxa, inta lagu guda jiro boqornimadiisa ahaa awoodaan in ay ma aha oo kaliya ka tago raad ah taariikhda, laakiin sidoo kale ka dhigi dalka more xoog leh.

Tusaale ahaan, ugu horeeyay ee Madaxweynaha Dzhordzh Vashington waa mid ka mid ah tirooyinka ugu halyeey ee taariikhda gobolka. Ka dib oo dhan, waxa uu ahaa kii uu hogaaminayo halganka oo ka mid ah deegaanada American iyo Great Britain dagaal. Inta badan ay sabab u tahay dalkiisa cusub gaari madaxbanaanida si la doonayo. Intaa waxaa dheer, Madaxweynaha Washington aasaaskii ku dhigay for horumarinta dimuqraadiyadda American. Badan ayaa rumaysan in ay tahay wejigiisuna wuu tiradaasi ugu muhiimsan ee dhagaxa.

farshaxan labaad waa wejiga Thomas Jefferson, madaxweynaha Mareykanka saddexaad iyo author of Bayaanka Xorriyadda. Waxaa intaa dheer, inta lagu guda jiro boqortooyada madaxweynaha deegaanka dalka ayaa kor u kacay ku dhowaad laba jeer. Tusaale ahaan, sanadkii 1803 wuxuu soo iibsaday Louisiana ka dibna ku biiray by dhowr ah dalalka.

No wax ka yar oo loo yaqaan iyo Abraham Lincoln - Madaxweynaha lix iyo USA. adeegyada uu Gobolka lama quudhsan karin, tan iyo markii ay ahayd kii bilaabay dagaalka ee la baabiiyo addoonsiga ee dhulka Mareykanka. Waxaa intaa dheer, qof, kanu wuxuu ahaa awoodaan in ay soo celin midnimada dalka ka dib markii dagaalka sokeeye halis ah.

ee la soo dhaafay ayaa waxaa soo xulay Teodor Ruzvelt, kaasoo mustaqbalkiisa ciyaareed oo dhan ayaa ku dhibtooday la kootooyin weyn, isku dayaya in ay ka aamin xuquuqda xoogsatada, laakiin sidoo kale kaalin muhiim ah hirgelinta mashruuca dhismaha ee Canal Panama ka.

Sida aad arki karto, Madaxweynayasha on Mount Rushmore ahaantii maareeyey inuu ka tago sumadda ah tirtiri karin ee taariikhda dunida, laakiin qalbiga American kasta.

Haddaba sidee bay dhismaha shaqeeyaan?

Dhab ahaantii, abuurista sida taallo weyn oo loo baahan yahay ma aha oo kaliya xirfad weyn oo waayo-aragnimo, laakiin sidoo kale qaar ka mid ah hal-abuurka in industry dhismaha. Ka dib oo dhan, oo dhererkiisu wuxuu wajiga of mid ka mid ah Madaxweynayaasha qiyaastii 18 mitir, oo ay ku yaalaan on top buur. Sababo la xiriira miisaanka hal-abuurnimo, Mount Rushmore jiray dareen ah ma aha oo kaliya dadka dalxiisayaasha ah iyo taariikhyahanadu, waa dood badan oo bulshada ka sayniska.

shaqada Dhismaha bilaabay 1927. By habka, halka Mr. Borglum, oo ku hogaamiyay mashruuca, mar hore 60 sano jir ah. Abuuritaanka Bas-gargaarka ee Xaaladahan oo kale waxa ay ahayd mid aad u adag. First, shaqaalaha xardhanaa ee dhagxaanka Rafaa dhagax weyn - waxay ahayd bannaan ah gool. Ka dib markii in dhagaxa agagaarka blocks ka qarxi la miinada. Oo contours ka dibna more cad abuuray by cufayo, dubbayaal gaadhi iyo dubbayaal pneumatic.

Mount Rushmore The oo wejigooda of afar madaxweyne US ixtiraamo dhisay in ka badan 14 sano. Inta lagu jiro wakhtigan, ka dhulka of isugu soo diyaariyeen waxaa loo qaaday in ka badan 360 tan oo dhagax weyn. abuurista Memorial ayaa qaatay oo ku saabsan hal milyan oo dollar, taas oo wakhtigaas ahaa jeebka u qaali ah. Iyo nasiib wanaag, dhismaha ayaa soo gaaray hal qof, in kasta oo ay xaaladaha shaqo runtii aad u adag oo khatar ah.

Furitaanka of taallo iyo dhamaystirka

Tan iyo farshaxan ee la abuuray si tartiib tartiib ah, ka dibna iyaga furo mid mid. Tusaale ahaan, markhaati muuqaalka kore ee Washington Madaxweynaha, ayaa markii ugu horeysay dadweynaha kari 1934 - furitaanka grand dhacay afraad ee July. Oo laba sano ka dib, in 1936, Madaxweyne Franklin Ruzvelt muuqday dabaal of furitaanka taalada ee Thomas Jefferson.

Abraham Lincoln taalada la ogaaday in 1937, kuwaas oo September 17, marka dalka oo dhan u dabaal 150 guuradii ee saxiixa Dastuurka. Oo laba sano ka dib, dalxiisayaasha mar hore ku naaloonaysay yaabaa buuxda u dhamaystirtay Bas-gargaarka. By habka, in la mid ah 1939 in Memorial Qaranka ayaa lagu rakibay nidaam nalalka habeenkii.

Wixii ka badan laba sano, shaqada sii on abuurista mashearulxaraam. Ka dib oo dhan, waa wax qarsoodi ah Hudson socday in la kordhiyo farshaxan Borglum. Laakiin, nasiib daro, in March 1941, sculptor caanka dhinto. Waqtiga maamulka shaqada la wareegay wiilkiisii Lincoln. Laakiin oo xidhiidh la leh ka qaybgalka soo socda oo dalka ka mid ah ee dagaalkii labaad ee dunida waxaan go'aansaday in ay joojiyaan shaqada. October 31, 1941 National Memorial noogu sheegay in dhamaystiran.

Socodka dheer ee xusuus qaranka

Ma aha qof kasta waa og yahay dalxiiska waa isha labaad ee ugu weyn ee dakhliga South Dakota. Mount Rushmore (United States) waxaa la abuuray in meesha ugu horeysa si ay u soo jiitaan dalxiisayaasha. Iyo ujeedada ay u sii wadaan in ay maalin la joogo.

Sannad kasta, Memorial Qaranka waxaa la booqday by celcelis ahaan saddex milyan oo dalxiisayaal ah, kuwaas oo si dabiici ah uu leeyahay saamayn togan ku miisaaniyadda gobolka. Qiyaastii buurta jira jiidashada kale oo badan oo run ahaantii waa mid xiiso leh in la arko.

Intaa waxaa dheer, Park Qaranka, oo ku yaalla dhulka buurta, waa mid ka mid ah xarumaha cayaaraha fuulitaanka ugu weyn oo ugu caansan dunida oo dhan. Dabcan, galaan ciyaartan aagga goobta farshaxan la reebay, laakiin inta badan kala duwan oo buurta u furan yahay kooxda martida ah.

indhaha ku kale oo xiiso leh

Near dhagaxa jiro Center ah Lincoln Borglum Museum, iyo kuwaas oo bixiya dalxiis wayn. On dhulkeeda ku yaalaan laba dhagaystayaasha ballaaran, halkaas oo filim warbaahinta oo ku saabsan abuurista Mount Rushmore ah. Dhow jiro studio farshaxan ah, halkaas oo aad ka eegi kartaa daydo kala duwan ee taallo ah (oo ay ku jiraan version asalka ahaa waxaa ka mid ah), iyo sidoo kale qalab oo fuliyay dhismaha.

jiidashada kale waa wax-u Avenue ee Calanka, kaas oo la hareereeyey by calamada rasmiga ah ee dalalka kala duwan, degmooyinka iyo dhulal Maraykanka. By habka, waxay waxaa lagu abaabulaa si Horeeyaan. Alley ugu xiran madaxweynaha jidka iyo Review Terrace.

At Memorial Qaranka ayaa sidoo kale leydin tuulada dhaqanka Lakota Hindida, kuwaas oo uu waqti iyo leedahay dalka. Halkan, dalxiisayaasha waxaa la siiyaa si ay u bartaan jidka nolosha, dhaqanka iyo caadooyinka dadka wadaniga ah.