Moscow, DME - taas oo garoonka?

Moscow, caasimadda ah ee Ruushka, waa magaalo weyn oo casri ah, ee ku taalla soohdinta reer East Bannaankii Yurub, ku dhowaad xarunta aad, on webiga magac la mid ah. dadweynaha ee magaalada, sida laga soo xigtay tirakoobka ugu dambeeyey ee qaadeen si ay u laba iyo toban milyan iyo badh dadka.

Tirada guud ee dadka booqanaya magaalada on joogta ah maalin walba, oo ay ku jiraan dadka degan agglomeration Moscow ee agagaarkeedii, mararka qaar in ka badan toddoba iyo toban million ee shaqada ugu mashquulka badan. socodka gaadiidka ee jiho oo kala duwan halkan midaysan, oo ay ku jiraan tiro badan marinnada hawada.

DME - taas oo garoonka aad u iman doonaan inay fikiraan?

Saddex aviahaba casriga adeegi waddada hawada iyo nawaaxigeeda, iyo in aan ku tirinayo inuu darsin ah garoomada diyaaradaha yar oo caga gobolka, iyo sidoo kale runways gaarka loo leeyahay. SVO, VKO, DME - Garoonka had iyo jeer waxay leedahay code caalamiga gaar ah. Iyo in waxa la tilmaamay on tigidhka, baas hoyga ah, tags boorsooyinka iyo warqadaha kale ee duulimaadka kasta. Caadi ahaan, xogta kuwanu waa ku filan go'aan baadi-free macluumaadka lagama maarmaanka ah oo ku saabsan horyaalka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tirada ugu badan ee aviaturistov marka la helo faahfaahin la helo ama dheecaan of tikidhada elektaroonigga ah waa su'aal macquul ah: DME - wax kasta oo garoonka diyaaradaha ee gobolka caasimadda ayaa magac?

A yar oo taariikh

"Domodedovo", sidoo kale loo yaqaan Airport DME Moscow, - mid ka mid ah gobolka ugu da'da weyn magaalada aviahabov. Design iyo dhismaha dekedda hawada this bilaabay 1956. Toddoba sano ka dib, iyadoo runway ka mid ah garoonka diyaaradaha cusub bilaabay xamuul ugu horeysay diyaarad e-mail Ahaado, oo sannad ka dib diyaarada kacay galay brand hawada "Tupolev" la rakaab ah saarnaa.

"Domodedovo" garoonka. xaaladda hadda

Si aad u taariikhda, Airport Domodedovo (DME) waa mid ka mid ah ugu weyn ee Russia. Sannadkii 2013, wuxuu iska dhex maray ku saabsan siddeed iyo labaatan milyan oo rakaab ah. Laba runways goonida ah si joogto ah in hab qalliin degdeg ah, qaadashada on a daraasiin maalin walba oo looxyada oo dunida ku baahsan.

Waxay waxaa lagu abaabulaa ee isku midka ah, laba kiiloomitir u midba midka kale, u ogolaan takeoffs iyo caga on strip kasta isku mar iyo iskooda, ka madax banaan midba midka kale. runway kasta waa urur certified ICAO caalamiga duulista for CAT IIIA category. Ka dib markii dib u dhiska ah ee guutadii ugu horeysay in ka dhigay laba sano iyo bar ka hor, garoonka diyaaradaha aysan awoodin in ay helaan oo ay u ilaaliyaan dayuuradood transcontinental super-culus nooca A380 Airbus. In qaybta dhexe ee Russia waa meesha kaliya ee ay ka dhigi kartaa caga diyaarad noocan ah - "Domodedovo" (DME). Waa kuwee garoonka diyaaradaha dalkeena badan weli ku faani karo oo ah in?

Qoondaynta oo sireed

urur kasta isticmaalayaa nooca gaarka ah ee habaynteeda garoomada diyaaradaha, dhibcood qamaar wadida (tusaale ahaan, VOR-minaarad) iyo diyaaradaha kale ee dalka ku salaysan. DME - code "Domodedovo" Garoonka waafaqsan soocidda istcimaalka. Sida laga soo xigtay ICAO, uu hore u UUDD.

Sida laga soo xigtay codes soocidda Yurub waa naqshada saddex warqad on Maraykanka - afar warqad. Mararka qaarkood loo Qoondeeyey dhexeeya xarfaha guud ahaan tirooyinka (gaar ahaan sixitaanka kati Airporka VOR-yar ama qiimaha maxaliga ah runways iyo kuwa gaarka ah). Wadaajin kasta oo kale, codes u noqon karaan oo keliya dhulka ee Maraykanka of America, halkaas oo xarafka ugu horeeya "K" Waxay farta ku fiiqay, in tani ay tahay habaynteeda ee alaabta ee Maraykanka ICAO, iyo saddexdii waraaqaha soo socda waa isku mid sida ay code istcimaalka. Tusaale ahaan, Maddaarka Caalamiga ah John F. Kennedy ee magaalada New York, Maraykanka, sida laga soo xigtay soocidda American waa KJFK warqad code ka, halka on Yurub - JFK. In qaybaha kale ee adduunka ka dhexeeya habaynteeda ah ma u dhigma. Oo weliba su'aasha weli furan. Moscow, DME - taas oo garoonka diyaaradaha, iyo ugu muhiimsan, sababta ay naqshada aan caadi ahayn sida an?

ICAO ama istcimaalka - waa su'aasha

Easy si ay u fahmaan xaaladda, haddii aad eegto ilaha xirfadeed oo ku saabsan duulimaadyada. Waxaa jira laba urur oo duulimaad-duulista caalamiga ah: istcimaalka (International Air Transport Association) , ama ururka Caalamiga ah ee Air Transport, iyo ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization), ama ururka Civil Aviation Caalamiga ah. Currently, oo dhan waxay leeyihiin xafiisyadooda Montreal (Canada).

Ka hor dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka, istcimaalka ku salaysan ee The Hague (Netherlands). Waxay ahayd si qarsoodi ah sharciyeed iyo amarka kormeerka si ay u bixiyaan gaadiidka hawada ee Europe, halka ICAO ee inta badan gacanta ku aerotrafik on qaarada waqooyiga maraykanka. Inkasta oo maamulka iyo horumarinta wadooyinka hawada ayaa oo weli waa mudnaanta shuqulka oo ka mid ah laba urur, doorka aan ku koobnayn oo kaliya in ay hawlaheeda diyaaradaha maalin walba nolosha kuwa. Kale oo gool sidoo kale muhiim ah - waa in la hubiyo ammaan ah oo joogto ah xamuulka iyo kuwa rakaabka gaadiidka, kordhin isbeddellada faa'iidada, wax kasta oo taageero iyo caawimaad in duulimaadka.

Istcimaalka ee Russia

Halkan shaki mar kale soo bixi kara. In aad e-tigidh lagu qeexay karaa sida soo socota: Moscow, DME. Waa kuwee garoonka diyaaradaha kiiskan waxaa lagama maarmaan ah?

Domodedovo (DME) - Garoonka diyaaradaha ee gobolka Moscow, oo waxaa la arkaa in ay iridda hawada caasimadda. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, garoonka diyaaradaha waxa uu ku yaalaa juquraafi ee gobolka Moscow ka, oo ku taala xuduuda degmada Ramenskoye iyo degmada magaalooyinka Domodedovo, afartan iyo shan kiiloomitir u jirta xarunta taariikhiga ah ee Moscow on dhinaca koonfurta iyo laba iyo labaatan KM u jirta magaalada caasimada ah - Moscow. code DME laftiisa - waa soo gaabiyay magaca garoonka diyaaradaha Domodedovo. Inta kale ee iridda hawada ee gobolka Moscow ee waxay leeyihiin sal isku mid ah derivative: "suganyahay", sidoo kale loo yaqaan ku suganyahay, sidoo kale loo yaqaan SVO. Ama, tusaale ahaan, "Vnukovo", isagu waa Vnukovo, waa VKO.

Inta badan oo ka mid ah garoomada diyaaradaha hore ee Midowga Soofiyeeti loo tarjunto karo by codes Yurub istcimaalka. Inkastoo ay jiraan reeban. Tusaale ahaan, koodh oo ka mid ah garoonka diyaaradaha ee caasimadda ah ee saaxiibtinimo Kazakhstan, magaalada of Astana, Tse waa soo gaabiyay ah, taas oo uu leeyahay waxba kuma laha magaca casriga ah ee magaalada. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dad aqoon u leh soo xusuusta wixii magaca magaaladan u dhashay inta lagu jiro xilligii Soviet: Tselinograd, Tselinograd. Sidaa awgeed, code ku haboon.

ICAO on bannaan ee post-Soviet

Sidee naqshada loo xilsaaray nidaamka ICAO ee? Waxaa, sidoo kale, wax walba waxa uu u qaabsan oo la dhigay baxay on armaajo. xarafka ugu horeeya ee code waxay muujinaysaa dalka, kii labaadna wuxuu ahaa - gobolka, iyo laba la soo dhaafay u qeexaan garoonka cipher gaar ah. Intii lagu guda jiray Midowga Soofiyeeti waqtiga ahaa warqadda U fadhiya. Ka dib burburkii Midowgii wadamada post-Soviet Yurub leeyihiin a code warqad Yurub gobolka E ahayn tilmaame (tusaale ahaan, dalalka Baltiga), laakiin bulk of dalalka madax banaan maanta, diyaarin, sida caadiga ah ee Asia, ayaa waxaa ku codes asalka by ICAO (Tajikistan, Georgia, Armenia, iwm .) "Domodedovo" on mabda'a oo intaasu waxay ahayd yaraynta UUDD. madaarada kale, sida garoonka diyaaradaha "suganyahay", - UUEE.

Xeerarka iyo duulimaadyada

Maxaa loogu baahan yahay codes kuwanu? ma waxaan kaliya siin kartaa meeshii uu ku tagay, meesha yimid, bilaabi engine iyo duuli nabadda ee maskaxda, halkaas oo aad rabto in aad? Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma aha sidaas u fudud sida waxa ay u muuqataa at jaleecada hore. Maalin kasta in hawada waqti isku mid ah waxaa laga yaabaa in dhowr kun oo diyaarad a. Aan wax badan, waxaad tidhaahdaan, oo aad noqon doontaan gabi ahaanba xaq. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in hawada iyo dhulka ku, waxaa jira meel gaar ah calaamadeeyay - hawo.

kuusha kasta, ganacsi ama mid madani ah, waa umado at velocities ka badan dhowr jeer xawaaraha gaariga. Tani waa run gaar ahaan in diyaaradda jet-ku shaqeeya tamarta. Si ka duwan mashiin, aanad joojin karayn diyaarada hawada. dhaqdhaqaaq kasta oo loo baahan yahay in la saadaaliyo ka hor. Xitaa caga diyaarado casri ah bilaabaan in ay tagaan iyo sagaashan boqol kiiloomitir u jirta garoonka Ahaado.

nidaamka adag, hirgelinta oo dhan oo ka mid ah nidaamka liiska ay gacanta ku, iyo sidoo kale navigation iyada oo qorshe gaar ah oo duulimaad (qorshayaasha Flight) - kuwanu waa qaababka ugu muhiimsan ee maaraynta diyaaradda weyn. Kasta oo duulimaad-qorshe - Jidka laamiga si ay u caga on (heer ka saaciday inay) ee loo dejiyay duulimaadka sare, iyada oo la tixgelinayo dalaka fuulid oo loo yareeyo in diyaarinta qorrax ugu dambeeya ee glideslope dhulka.

Jidka Diyaaradaha - waa ay qaraabo qiyaas inay dhulka - in laga soo gudbo hal dhibic gacanta kale ku masaafada ugu yar ee u dhaxeeya, waa xariiq toosan. Iyo habka ugu haboon ee ku tilmaamay barta - waa xeer u gaar ah nidaamka qoondaynta in istcimaalka ama ICAO.

halkii ay ka gunaanad

DME .... Waa kuwee garoonka diyaaradaha ee gobolka Moscow leeyahay habaynteeda ah? Hadda waxaad si ammaan ah iyo hawlkarnimo jawaabi karo - "Domodedovo". Oo ma fududa in aad ka jawaabto, iyo xataa sharxi eray ee hoos u this, biligleynaya aqoontooda in shirkadda of saaxiibo ama ka mid ah asxaabta.