Maxaa badbaadiyey qalada bi'iyo duulaan ku Umberto Nobile? Umberto Nobile: labaad duulaan horjeeda

Recently, at dhigto on biyaha hortooda iyaga ah. Lieutenant Schmidt ee St. Petersburg, si buuxda loo dayac tiray, waa dib u qalada bi'iyo halyeeyga "Krasin". Dhacdadani waxa lagu qasbay in ay dib ugu yeeran mid ka mid ah bogaga quruxda badan taariikhda raxan Ruushka. Ka dib markii in ka badan 80 sano ka hor, duulaan la badbaadiyey Umberto Nobile, xubnaha badbaaday oo maxaabiis ahaan u kala horjeeda waxay soo geliyeen "Krasin", kaas oo wakhtigaas amray by Captain Karl Eggi iyo sahamisa horjeeda caanka R. Samoylovich.

Umberto Nobile: mustaqbalkiisa ciyaareed ku bilowday

The dirizhablestroitel Injineer caan mustaqbalka waxa uu ku dhashay magaalada Lauro ee Italy. Ka dib ka qalin University of Neapolitan qaaska ah ee "Electrical Engineering &", wuxuu bilaabay inuu la shaqeeyo oo duurka ku ah gaadiidka tareenka, iyo in 1911 uu ku qoran ee School of Aeronautics. 7 sano ka dib Nobile iyo asxaabta Benedetto Croce iyo Dzhuzeppe Valle uu bilaabay shirkad gaar ah wax soo saarka ee Saiarrada. nuqulkii koowaad ee hawgal cusub ayaa aad loogu guulaystay, iyo mashiinka Cirka T-34 waxaa lagu iibsaday by ciidanka Talyaani.

The duulaan ugu horeysay kala horjeeda

In 1923, dhismaha diyaarad cusub N-1, taas oo, ka dib markii baaritaanka loo yaqaan "Norway" oo lagu wareejiyay ah sahamo kala horjeeda ee Amundsen iyo Ellsworth waxaa bilaabay. Oo idinku amrayo oo markabka si iskeed ah Umberto Nobile, kuwaas oo muddo dheer ku riyoonayay qabsashadii of North reer Poland.

Start of duulaan la siiyey ee Rome, iyo long-distance wadada la istaago in magaalooyinka Pulham, Oslo, Leningrad, Vadsø iyo Svalbard maray. Subaxnimadii May 11, 1926 airship ka qaadeen in jihada of North Pole oo gaaray habeenkii on 12 May. Provis 2.5 saacadood ku dul, dhoofnay doonni ka jihada of Alaska, halkaas oo uu ka soo gaaray by Markab Talyaani ah. Warka of qabsashadii of baallaha sababay Farxad ee Italy iyo Mussolini sameeyey by Umberto Nobile guud ahaan. In dacaayad faashistihii this si kasta in la yaraysto kaalinta of Amundsen.

Nobile Umberto: labaad duulaan horjeeda

airship "Italia" waxaa la dhisay 1928, halkaas oo laga Milan si Svalbard duulay markabka ka mid ah 18 qof, inta badan Talyaaniga. Intaa waxaa dheer, Kongsfjord Bay ee markabka "Citta di Milano", taas oo ahayd in ay u adeegaan sida saldhig sabayn ee sahamiyayaal North Pole diray. Tani waxay duulaan cusub, oo baaxad weyn oo ka mid ah Umberto Nobile lagu uuraysan sida nooc ka mid ah aargoosiga. Xaqiiqada ah in uu doonayo in uu caddeeyo in doorka qiyaano ee guusha safarka ee la soo dhaafay waxaa iska lahaa isaga u - ka naqshadeeye oo sayidkaagii markabka, oo aan Amundsen, nin madax u ahaa kooxda. faahfaahin safarka ayaa markii danbe lagu sharaxay si faahfaahsan kitaabkii Nobile Umberto "garabyada badan baallaha", kaas oo noqday loo iibsado a. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, khubarada qaar ku doodayaan in dhammaan ma xaqiiqooyinka siiyey waxaa jira run. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, inkastoo ay adag tahay xaaladaha cimilada, airship la 16 shaqaale gaareen halkii ay u socdeenna ee habeenka ka 23 ilaa 24 May 1928 iyo hoos u cross iyo calanka of Italy.

masiibo ee Arctic ah

Tobaneeyo sano badan, aqoonsiga Umberto Nobile iyo dhimashada "Italy" yihiin oo xiiso, sida weli ma cadda qaddar ee qaar ka mid ah xubnaha shaqaalaha markabka. Intaa waxaa dheer, ma subsiding muran badan akhlaaqda ka mid ah madaxda duulaan lagu jiro qaxidda.

Sidaas waxa dhacdooyinka ka dhacay Arctic ah inta lagu jiro muddada u dhaxaysa dabayaaqadii May ilaa bartamaha bisha July-1928? Si aad ka jawaabto su'aashan, waa in aad barato la xaqiiqooyinka soo bandhigay by ka qaybgalayaasha safar this.

Sidaas daraaddeed, isagoo ku guuleystay Pole, airship ah "Italia", daafaca oo dabayshii culus u guuray, kaas oo ah buunafuufid xusuus ku soo wajahan. Dhowr saacadood ka dib baraf diyaaradda oo ku dul dhacay barafka. In this gondola motor jabay, dhintay uu deggen yahay, 9 shaqaale ah, ay ka mid yihiin taliyaha, waxaa lagu tuuray on barafka, iyo lix qof ku haray airship ah, dabayshu kaxayso jiho aan la garanayn ku qaadeen.

Odyssey Polar "Italy" Amarka

ka mid ah cidlada baraf ahaayeen, 10 xubnood oo ka mid ah shaqaalihii markabka ayaa bilaabay inay helaan nolol ku sugan xaalad aad u adag ee Arctic ah. Nasiib wanaag, ay awoodaan si ay u badbaadiyaan qaar ka mid ah cuntada iyo qalabka ahaayeen, iyo ugu muhiimsan - waxay soo baxday in laliska iyo teendho. Si dhakhso ah, si kastaba ha ahaatee, inta u dhaxaysa ka badbaaday isku khilaafeen. Sidaas darteed ay meteorologist Swedish Finn Malmgren, iyo sidoo kale Italy A. ah Mariano iyo F. Zappa tagay xerada.

Masiirka ee kooxda Malmgren

Hit wadada May 30, saddex xubnood oo ka tirsan kooxda ayaa la rajeynaya in ay helaan si ay saldhigga xeebta ee gacanka Kongsfjord on Spitsbergen. Waxaa ay socdeen si aad u sheegto oo ku saabsan shil "Italy" oo si wadajir ah ula samatabbixiyeyaasha saaxiibo ay u hesho daafaca. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, laba toddobaad ka dib jidka Malmgren, kuwaas oo gacanta ka jabay ka dib markii dayrta ee airship ahaa sidaas oo gabaabsi ah in uu ka codsaday saaxiibo uu sii socdo oo isaga la'aantiis. Sidaas ayay yeeleen, oo muddo bil ah ka dib, on July 12 ay heleen pilot Chukhnovsky Soviet, kuwaas oo ka mid ah kuwa loo soo diray si aad u badbaadiso duulaan Nobile ahaa.

Life ee ka "Italy" badbaaday xerada xaalad degdeg ah

Sida la sheegay, by kadis ku faraxsan yahay, inta lagu guda jiro dayrta ee airship soo dareeray dhowr bacaha, si ka cidhiidhyami waxay ahaayeen 4-qof teendhada, bacda seexdo, wax badan oo ka mid ah cuntada, oo ay ku jiraan 71 kg ee pemmican iyo 41 kg of shukulaatada, iyo sidoo kale sextant ah, bastoolad la gulufyadii 3 chronometer iyo gurmad radio mawjadda. Intaa waxaa dheer, dhowr maalmood ka hor uu ka soo tagay Malmgren ahaa awoodaan in ay orsada ganaan, iyo dadkii xerada ku jiray kaydka qaar ka mid ah oo orso.

Isla mar ahaantaana, radio Biaggi operator ugu horeysay, ma suurto gal ahayd in la dhiso xiriir la "Citta di Milano", oo mar dambe iyaga wareejiyay calaamadaha aan la aqoonsaday, oo ay si fudud yihiin tiray. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, markabka this weli ka soo baxay si ay u badbaadiyaan duulaan ku Nobile Umberto, laakiin tan iyo markii ay wadataa saxda ah ee goobta, "The teendhada Red" ee xerada, sida ay markaas la odhan jiray, lama yaqaan, raadinta mid aan waxtar lahayn.

qoomamo

June 3rd, Nikolai Schmidt, hiwaayadda radio ka Northern Dvina Maamul, qabtay ee qadanayo foodhyi saldhigga Biaggi oo sheegay this by telegraam in Moscow. Isla Guddiga Aid waxaa kor loogu dhigay markabka "Italy", kaas oo uu madax u doisprezece Unshliht, iyo June 4 macluumaad Umberto Nobile iyo qayb ka mid ah kooxda nool, ku wareejiyay dowladda Talyaaniga. Sayidka, June 8, la aasaasay intii u dhaxaysay raadiyaha "Citta di Milano" iyo operator raadiyaha "Italy", kaas oo siiyey wadataa saxda ah ee xerada.

isku day lagu guulaysan

Maanta, su'aasha ah waxa ay duulaan bi'iyo badbaadiyey Umberto Nobile, inta badan dadka xiiseynaya taariikhda raxan Ruushka, ayaa kuu sheegi doona in ay ahayd qalada bi'iyo ah "Krasin". Laakiin dhab ahaantii, si ay u caawiyaan shaqaalaha markabka ka mid ah "Italy" ayaa sidoo kale u soo diray inuu qalada bi'iyo ee Soviet "Malygin" iyo wakhtigii ugu horeysay ka dib markii cidhiidhi musiibada baaritaan ku lug doonnida Norwegian whaling "Braganza" iyo "hiwaayadaha", kiraysnaa by Dowladda Italy.

Intaa waxaa dheer, Roald Amundsen, kuwaas oo muddo dhowr sano ah ka badan xiriir murugsan oo la Nobile, halmaamay xadgudubyada oo dhan, ka maalmood ee ugu horreeya ka dib markii ay musiibo ku noqday ku lug ururiyo maalgelinta ururka ee howlgalka samatabbixinta ah. Ugu dambeyntii, on 18 June, uu u duulay diyaarad "Latham-47" oo leh markabka Faransiis military on board on Svalbard, laakiinse aanan yimid ay u socdeenna. Maxaa ku dhacay - iyo waxa aan la yaqaano ilaa maantadan la joogo sida ay kooxdu u tageen in search of military Amundsen ee Norwegian helay birtiina iyo haanta ah gaaska madhan.

Howlgalka Einar Lundborg

Tan ugu muhiimsan, waxa waa ku ammaanmay in muddada u dhaxaysa labadii dagaal aduunka, qalada bi'iyo ah "Krasin" (duulaan 1928) - Nobile duulaan samatabbixinta. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, General qudhiisu mar aan ahaa on board. Xaqiiqada ah in on 23 June ee pilot military Swedish Einar Lundborg isaga isu keenay eyga Tina cirku ku Sweden. Taliyaha ficilkan, kuwaas oo tagay keceen uu, ka dibna inta badan ku caayay Nobile, laakiin, sida laga soo xigtay xubno ka duulaan ayaa Lundborg lagu amray inay qaataan oo kaliya guud.

badbaadinta markabka "Italy"

Wax kasta oo ay ahayd, on June 23 "Krasin" tegey xerada reer Bergen, cidhiidhi. On guddiga qalada bi'iyo ahaa diyaarad, kexeeyey by Boris Chukhnovsky. Waxa uu ahaa kii helay Mariano oo intooda badan, sida ay soo sheegeen radio amarka "Krasin". Si kastaba ha ahaatee, inta lagu guda jiro deg deg ah oo ku saabsan baraf ah ee diyaaradda ah waxyeello jiifku oo wuxuu awoodi waayey inuu ka qeyb sii qaataan duulaan si ay u badbaadiyaan "Talyaani".

July 12 qalada bi'iyo qaaday Mariano oo intooda badan, iyo fiidkii isla maalintaas, iyo shan xubnood oo kale oo ka duulaan labaad horjeeda ee Umberto Nobile. Ka dibna waxay la wareejiyo ee "Citta di Milano" iyo helitaanka dekedda Narvik, ku soo laabtay Italy tareen.

Umberto Nobile iyo dhimashada "Italy": taariikhda iyo Halyeeyga

Sayidka, ka duulaan labaad kala horjeeda on airship dib ugu nool yihiin dadka 8 kaliya. Intaa waxaa dheer, dhimasho iyo dhowr qof kuwaas oo ku hawlan goobidda iyo samatabbixinta ee xubnihiisa, oo ay ku jiraan shaqaale ka mid ah ciidamada Talyaaniga iyo Faransiiska uu hogaaminayo Amundsen. Ma aha la yaab leh in muddo markabka Odyssey ah "Italy" ayaa helay halyeeyo badan, laakiin aan ninna weligii isku dayeen in ay su'aasha waxa duulaan bi'iyo badbaadiyey Umberto Nobile.

Gaar ahaan, waxaa la soo jeediyay in CAF quudin karo hadhaagii Malmgren, sida xilligan badbaadada waxay ahayd dharka reer Sweden ee, oo wuxuu ka sugayay more farxad iyo tamar buuxda ka badan Saaxiibkiis in musiiba ah - Mariano. Halyeeyga kale waxa uu ahaa xaqiiqada ah in ku saabsan 20 daqiiqo ka dib markii dayrta ee airship ah "Italy" badbaaday markabka ay arkeen in column bari qiiq ah. In mid ka mid ah version of sidan oo kale ah oo ku saabsan lixda dayuurad haray codsan kartaa caawimo. In iyada xaqiijin siinayaa sababaha soo socda: qiiqa ma noqon karaan kuwo ka dab on airship ah, iyadoo ay jirto wax badan oo ka mid ah shidaalka iyo hydrogen, iyo naarta Saciira ololka ahaa aad u xoog badan.

"The teendhada Red"

Hadda oo aad ogtahay in nooca duulaan bi'iyo badbaadiyey Umberto Nobile iyo faahfaahinta qaar ka mid ah oo ku saabsan dhacdooyinka in this horreeyey. Ka dibna, wax badan oo ka sameeyay aasaas u ah script ee filimka "The teendhada Red". filimkan, toogtay 1969, waa mid gaar ah in ay hugaaminaya Halabuurka kabka caalamiga ah. Waxaa ugu Filan in aan idhaahdo, agaasimaha Mikhail Kalatozov casuumay Peter Finch, Shona Konneri, Claudia Cardinale, Edward Martsevich, Nikita Mikhalkov, Yuri Vizbora iyo Borisa Hmelnitskogo. I rumaysta, movie ah oo qiimihiisu yahay in ay u daawadaan.

Maanta "Krasin" ku soo laabtay xilkiisa markabka-museum, iyo kuwa ku mashquulsan yihiin, iyo sidoo kale qaar ka mid ah qalada bi'iyo badbaadiyey Umberto Nobile duulaan tegi kartaa oo baran wax badan oo xaqiiqada xiiso leh oo ku saabsan ee la soo dhaafay ee halyeeyga ah ee sharafta Navy Ruushka.