Marka waxaa jiray March a on Moscow Tokhtamysh?

Ololaha ka dhanka ah dhiig Tokhtamysh Moscow ka dhacay 1382. Waxa uu ka soo qaaday meel wax yar ka dib markii ay Battle of Kulikov, taas oo ciidamada Ruush adkaaday tataarka ah. Dmitry Donskoy guul bixiyeen rajo in dadka degan kibir Moscow, hadda la tiirsanaanta Khan ayaa ku dhameysatay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dagaalka ayaa wiiqay gobolka, iyo markii labo sano ka dib Tokhtamysh hoos darbiyada Moscow ahaa, degganaa oo ka mid ah dalalkan Slavic ma u suurtagashay in ay abaabulaan iska caabin ah oo hufan.

tug DULUCDA

In qeybtii labaad ee qarnigii XIV ah, Zolotaya Orda mar dambe ma dawlad dhexe. Khan noqday awood u magacaaban. dagaal oogayaal fara badan iyo temniki leedahay ciidammadoodii oo u gaar ah oo ay xilliyo isku dayeen in ay cabudhinayo Horde oo dhan. Habeeynimadii oo ka mid ah Battle of Kulikov laba xarun siyaasadeed ayaa soo saartay ee steppe ilkeed ah. Dhinaca mid ahaa Tokhtamysh Khan, kuwaas oo dhawaan qabtay caasimadda oo dhan Horde ah. Oo uu soo horjeeda ahayd hooyo - cirro jiifoo, kuwaas oo saamayn weyn ku dhex ciidamada. Waxa uu ahaa kii uu hogaaminayo ciidanka Tatar ee dagaalka ku caanka ah ee Dmitriem Donskim.

Adkaaday, Mamay horeysay carareen Crimea, halkaas oo uu ka soo ururiyay ayaa weli reer guuraa daacad. Ciidan yar this, inuu isku dayay inuu ka soo weerar Tokhtamysh, kuwaas oo doonayay in laga takhaluso oo uu madax horjeeda ilaaliyo. dagaalka ayaa ka dhacay on bangiyada of River Kalka ah, halkaas oo hooyadiis ayaa waxaa mar kale laga adkaaday. mar kale ayuu ku orday ee Crimea, halkaas oo uu ku dhintay. Haddaba Tokhtamysh noqday taliyaha kaliya ee Horde Golden ah.

Diiditaanka in loo bixiyo cashuur Dmitry Donskoy ah

Ka dib markii uu guul, Khan cusub soo diray safaarada Moscow. Waxa uu u Prince of Moscow, hadda in xoogga Horde ah taliye Ruush soo celiyay waa in dib u bilaabaan bixinta gabbaro sheegay. Tokhtamysh sidoo kale u mahad celiyay Don oo uu guul ka Mamai - usurper iyo dalxiisto ah. Dmitry sharaf la kulmay Safiirada, lakiin waxa uu diiday inuu bixiyo canshuurtii oo naftiisa ku qiro wiilkaagiiba ah Khan.

news Tani waxay keentay Tokhtamysh caraysan. Mana uu doonaynin in la siiyo ilaa amarka jir ah, kaas oo la aasaasay ka dib markii xilli of Batu qarnigii XIII ah. Waayo, qarnigii badan amiirradii Ruush aadan bixin keliya cashuur reer guuraa ah, laakiin iyaga siin tuuryo ay u xukumaan, in uu yahay, waxay aqoonsan tahay isaga qudhiisa ku hoyday Khan. Marka harqood Mongol kaliya xarumo siyaasadeed Slavic badan ee u qalmay kasta oo kale oo laga yaabo ma abaabulay iska caabin ah. Haddaba, inta badan dalka Ruushka ayaa la midoobin agagaarka Moscow. Waxa ay ahayd iyada oo amiir at madaxa guuraa iska caabin istaagay. Sidaa darteed, March on Moscow Tokhtamysh uu noqday qiyaastii, taas oo lagama maarmaan ah si loo soo celiyo xukunka Khan ayaa ahayd. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxa uu weli ku sugayeen in muddo ah, waqti isku mid ah ururinta ciidamada oo dhan lagama maarmaan.

olole qarsoodi ah

Ka hor inta ololaha bilaabay on Tokhtamysh Moscow iyo Kazan ayaa lagu dilay oo dhan baayacmushtariyaasha Ruush iyo Socdaalba. Tani waxaa lagu sameeyey si aan loo siin Slavs ay ku bartaan oo ku saabsan ciidanka sugayo. Intaa waxaa dheer, doonniyaha baayacmushtariga ahaayeen ciidan waxtar leh Khan. On kuwaas maraakiibta dagaalyahan si degdeg ah oo aan faragelin aan loo baahnayn gudbay Volga iyo ahaydeen Dhinicii u xaq. Later Route Army waxaa si joogto ah la beddelo, iyo fogaado waddooyinka mashquulka ah. Wax kasta oo la sameeyey in duulaankii ahaayeen cajiib ah oo lama filaan ah.

Nizhny Novgorod iyo Ryazan kibir ku yaalaa on soohdimaha bari ee Russia, iyo ugu horeysay ee halis ku noqon doonto. Waxay ahaayeen madax banaan ee Moscow. Goorma ayaa markii ugu danbeysay ee ogaadeen hab Khan ee madaxa ciidan weyn, taliyayaashii magaalooyinkaas diray safaaradaha in ay la kulmaan gardarooday. wafdiyada Nizhny Novgorod seegay la Tokhtamysh si joogto ah la beddelo oo ay waddo.

amiirka khiyaanay Ryazan

Ryazan Prince Oleg Khan ayaa go'aansaday inuu la kulmo qof. Waxa uu helay ciidankii Tataarka aan ka fogayn ay dalkooda ka. Prince ayaa ka hadlay sida uu Khashuue ah iyo qirtay maadooyinka Khan. Intaa waxaa dheer, Ryazan keentay in dadka steppe laga gudbi jiray ammaan iyo ku haboon guud ahaan River Oka ah. Tataarka ayaa ka faa'ideystay talooyinkan oo socday kibir Oleg Ivanovich dhinaca bari.

maalmood oo kaliya, kuwaas oo, Dmitry Donskoy ogaaday in March on Moscow Tokhtamysh durba kasii darto, iyo ciidamada cadowga u dhowaanin xuduudaha gobolka. news Kuwani laga cabsado qabtay Kremlin oo dhan by yaab. Waxaa caddaatay in si ay iska caabin xoog leh tataarka u leedahay in aad ka yar hal calan ururin askartii oo dhan, oo ay ku jiraan kuwa ku noolaa magaalooyinka waqooyiga. Sidaa darteed Dmitry Donskoy u tageen inay abaabulaan maleeshiyada (horeysay ee Pereyaslavl, ka dibna Kostroma). Ina adeerkiis iyo isbahaysi dhow amiirku dhulgoosadka Vladimir Andreyevich la isla ujeeddadaas, dhaqsaday in gudbiyayaasha Lamsky.

Qaxootiga ku sugan Moscow

Dhanka kale Tokhtamysh Maarso on Moscow sii. Han dambeyntii gudbay Oka iyo qabtay Serpukhov. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, markii uu dhaliyay goolkiisii ugu weyn ee kaliya ahayd Moscow. Masiixiyiinta ah, ku dhicin tataarka ee wadada, naxariis darro ah lagu dilay. Dadka ku nool tuulooyinka, magaalooyinka iyo tuulooyinka yar yar ballaaran u cararay Moscow, ayaa rajeynaya in la helo hoy darbiyada Kremlin gudahood.

In 1367, marka weli Dmitry Donskoy ahayd arrin nin dhalinyaro ah, oo uu initiative, wuxuu bilaabay inuu bedelo qalcad alwaax jir ah, oo mar dambe ma ay awoodaan si ay u ilaaliyaan caasimada ee ka dhacaan dagaallo. oo kuwii ku dhisayna loo isticmaalo qalab cusub - dhagax cad, taas oo la gaarsiiyey magaalada xagaaga iyo jiilaalka ka qorqornaa dhow. ka waxaa la dhisay Kremlin cusub. March Tokhtamysh on Moscow ayaa soo gabagabeysay laga yaabaa in failure sababtoo ah Derbiyada balballaadhan ee qalcadda cusub.

Muscovites ururin Chamber

qulqulaya weyn oo dadka shisheeye ee magaalada ayaa keentay in rabshad. Dadka deegaanka ayaa u qaybsan laba qaybood. Mid ka mid ah doonayay in ay naftooda quful magaalada iyo si ay u difaacaan u dambeeyey. Kale hadalladaas oo go'aansaday inuu ka tago qalcadda. Tug Khan Tokhtamysh in Moscow badan oo cabsi. Waxaa intaa dheer, nolosha magaalada curyaan ah sababtoo ah la'aanta ah ee awood sharci. Dmitry Donskoy iyo Vladimir A. ahaayeen weli ee gobollada waqooyiga, ururinta ciidamada.

Tug Khan Tokhtamysh in Moscow deggan oo lagu qasbay in ay ururiyaan Rugta. Ugu dambeyntii, cod, waxaa la go'aamiyay in la xiro oo dhan laga baxo magaalada ka iyo sugto cadowga ee hubka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, kuwii gobta badan oo weli ka tagay caasimada. Ka mid ah aristocracy ee cuduradaas warar sheegaya in amiirka si fudud u carareen magaalada, waxaa ka tago si dhici cadowga.

Against asalka this, waxaa ka furmay kacdoon dadweyne lagu bilaabay, kaas oo si toos ah ka gees ah boyars haray. Tan iyo markii ay xukuumaddu ugu danbeyn maray in ay Rugta, in dhab ahaantii bilowgii xuquuqda dadka. Marka waxaa jiray tug ah Tokhtamysh in Moscow (1382), dad badan oo magaalada ayan diyaar u ahayn xaalad deg deg ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in maalmaha weerarku ay wali waxaan ka helay nin la kan qudhiisu ku dhawaaqay hogaamiyaha ah. Waxay ahayd Grand Duke of awns Lithuania, kaas oo ahaa awow u ahaa Olgerd caanka ah. All tuulooyinka ku hareereysan ayaa la gubay by go'aankiisa. Tan waa la sameeyey si ay u diidaan hoy tataarka iyo cunto intii lagu jiray go'doominta.

Bilowgii hareeraynta

tallaabooyinka noocan oo kale ah ay ahaayeen allabari loo baahdo, taas oo keentay in olole lagu Khan Tokhtamysh Moscow. Year weeraro Tartars hadhay ee taariikhda taariikhda baroor ee dalka. Ugu dambeyntii on August 23 Khan ciidan soo dhawaaday Moscow. Waqtigaa dadka degan magaalada diyaariyey dhagaxyo, biyo kulul iyo cusbi, si ay u muujiyaan weerarrada cadowga. Intaa waxaa dheer, Chronicle weerarku ku jira tixraacyo adeegsiga ugu horreeya ee qori Arsenal Ruush. Waxaas oo dhan waxaa lagu sameeyey si ay u joojiyaan March on Moscow Tokhtamysh. duulaankii Year xusuustay noocyo kala duwan oo tabaha dadka Ruush, kaas oo ay la dagaallamay ka soo horjeeda aan la filayn.

qish tataarka

Weerarka oo magaalada ka socday muddo saddex maalmood ah. Inta lagu jiro wakhtigan, tataarka lunsan oo dad badan sababta oo ah weerarrada ka derbiyada. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ciidanka Khan ee ku hadhay ciidan xoog badan. August 26 ee Moscow diray wafdiyada, oo waxaa ku dhex jiray reer Novgorod Nizhny ee Prince. Waxay ku bixiyeen in dadka degan magaalada in la furo iridda. Isla mar ahaantaana danjirayaasha ma u ballanqaaday inuu dhiigga Muscovites daadiyaan. The hareereeyey, maxaa yeelay, ma taageero ka amiir u gaar ah, kuwaas oo la rumaysan yahay fog qancinta in.

iridda ahaa mid u furan. Rate tataarka ka tagay wafdiga madax Øst. Safaaradda All jabsaday in la dilo isla markiiba. Tataarka loola cararay xagga iridda furan iyo kiciyay xasuuq arxan laawe ah dadka deegaanka ah. Sayidka dhamaaday xilli Tokhtamysh Moscow. Taariikhda dhacdadan ayaa lagu tilmaamay in qorna sida mid ka mid ah aaska ee taariikhda Russia.

Cawaaqib xumada xilli

Ka dib Moscow ayaa lagu qabtay oo lagu gubay, ciidankii Tataarka waxaa loo kala qaybiyey dhowr cutub. Oo waxay u tageen magaalooyinka dariska ah galmo. Sidaas ayaa waxaan aad uga xunyihiin Vladimir, Mozhaisk, Zvenigorod, iyo St. George ee. Mid ka mid ah ciidanka ilkeed ahaa adkaaday Vladimirom Andreevichem ka dib, waxay ahayd dhow xamaaliga ah Lamsky. Markaas Tokhtamysh bartay hab ee Dmitry Donskoy, oo ku hogaamiyay gadhi ugu dambeeyay ee Kostroma. Han go'aansaday inaan dagaal guud siin. Waxa uu si nabad ah uga rus ah, wadada bililiqeysi Kolomna, isaga oo la boobo weyn iyo maxaabiistiinnuba badan.

In mustaqbalka, Dmitry lahaa waqti aad u laftiisa aqoonsan addoon ka mid ah Horde ah. Halganka loogu jiro madax banaanida weli in ay yimaadaan. Moscow gubo si deg deg ah dhisay, laakiin xusuusta xasuuqii Tatar noolaa dheer ee xasuusta of dayidiisii. Total Horde dilay 24,000 oo qof.