Madal Yurub East: qaabka dhul ah. khayraadka Macdanta ah madal Bariga Yurub

Inta badan dhulka Yurub of Russia, iyo sidoo kale qaar ka mid ah dalalka deriska oo ku yaalla aagga qaaradda of qolof ah dhulka ee, oo la yidhaahdo madal Bariga Yurub. halkan Landform inta guri, in kastoo ay jiraan reeban, taas oo aan hoos ku wada hadlaan. madal Tani waa mid ka mid ah oldest dhulka qaababka dhulka. Bal aynu eegno dhow, waa gargaarka ah ee Yurub Bariga Platform, oo macdanta waxaa lagu shubo waxa ku jira, iyo sidoo kale Waa maxay habka ay u sameynta.

meesha juquraafi

First of dhan, ogaatid meesha saxda ah waa tan dhulka ee formation.

madal qadiimiga ah Bariga Yurub, ama sida waxa loo yaqaan, madal Ruush, waxa uu ku yaalaa goobaha juqraafiyeed ee Bariga iyo Northern Europe. Waxaa degan inta badan qayb ka mid ah Yurub of Russia, iyo sidoo kale dhulka ka mid ah dalalka deriska la ah ee soo socda: Ukraine, Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Moldova, Finland, Sweden, qayb ka mid ah Poland, Romania, Kazakhstan iyo Norway.

In waqooyi-galbeed ee madal East-European qadiimiga ah u kordhiyay si ay formation of orogeny Caledonian ee Norway, ay xadka bariga buuraha Ural, ee waqooyiga - Ocean Arctic ah, on Sea koonfureed Black iyo Badda Caspian ah, iyo sidoo kale foothills of the Carpathians, Crimean ah iyo Caucasus (Iskutees kariyaha).

Bedka guud ee madal ay ku saabsan tahay 5500 sq. M. km.

taariikhda

togaga Tectonic East Platform Yurub ka mid ah dunida ugu da'da weyn ee qaababka dhulka ee jira. Tan waxa u sabab xaqiiqada ah in madal ay weli ku jiraa jeer pre-Cambrian.

Ka hor formation of dunida hal qaarad Pangea territory of madal Ruush ahaa qaaradda gaar ah - Baltika. Ka dib markii weyni ee madal Pangea ahayd qayb ka mid ah Laurasia, iyo ka dib kala dambaysta ah - qayb ka mid ah Eurasia, taasoo maanta.

Wakhtigan oo dhan, formation qariyeen by dhagaxyada aasan in la aasaasay hab this gargaarka ee madal Bariga Yurub.

madal

Sida dhufto ee qadiimiga ah, salka of European East waa qaybta hoose crystalline ah. On top waxaa ka mid ah in ka badan malaayiin sano si ay u abuuraan lakabka ah ee dhagaxyadii ku aasan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, meelaha qaarkood, aasaaska u imanayaa inuu dusha sare, la xirrira ah darfaha crystalline.

On territory this of gaashaanka jira laba (koonfurta - gaashaan Yukreeniyaan ee waqooyi-galbeed - Baltic Shield), oo ay matalayaan on map a saxan tectonic.

Bariga Yurub Plain

Waa maxay nooca dusha waa madal East-Yurub? togaga yihiin inta badan buur ah oo guri. Waxaa lagu gartaa iskhilaafka hills hooseeya (200-300 m) iyo dhulka. Celceliska sare ah Caraabaah, taas oo la odhan-Bariga Yurub, waa 170 m.

Eastern Yurub (ama Ruush) Plain waa shayga ugu weyn ee nooca bannaanka ah ee Europe iyo mid ka mid ah ugu weyn ee dunida. Its degaanka degan inta badan dhulka madal Ruush iyo wuxuu ku saabsan yahay 4000 sq. M. km. Waxa kala oo ka badda bari iyo Finland oo ay ka mid yihiin galbeed in Mountains Ural ee bari ee 2500 km, iyo badaha ee Ocean Arctic ah ee waqooyiga (Barents iyo White) in badaha Black, Caspian iyo Azov ee koonfurta of 2,700 km. Isla mar ahaantaana waa qayb ka mid ah xitaa mashruuca dheeraad ah oo baaxad weyn, oo la yidhaahdo Yurub Plain Great, ka Ocean ee Atlantic iyo Buuraha Pyrenees ee France in Mountains Ural ah fidinayo. Sida kor ku xusan, sarajooggiisuna wuxuu celcelis ahaan Bannaanka Ruush ah waa 170 mitir, laakiin ay dhibic ugu sareeya gaadhaa 479 mitir heerka badda. Waxay ku taalaa ee Federation Ruush buuraha Bugulma-Bebeley ee magalaada Mountains Ural ah.

Intaa waxaa dheer, in dhulka gaashaan Ukraine, kaas oo sidoo kale ku yaal bannaanka ku Ruush, isbiiritka waxaa jira nooc ka mid ah wax soo saarka dhagaxyada crystalline saldhigyadii madal ka baxsan. Waxaa ka mid ah, tusaale ahaan, Priazovskaya buuraha lahaa, meesha ugu sarreysa oo (Belmak-Qabriga) waa 324 mitir ka sarreysaa oogada badda.

The salaysan Plain Ruush waa madal Bariga Yurub, taas oo ah qaab-dhismeedka tectonic aad u gaboobay. Markaasaa waxaa taas waxaa sabab u ah dhul fidsan.

waxyaabaha kale ee gargaarka

Laakiin Plain Ruush ma aha hay'ad juquraafi kaliya ee ay ku jirto madal Bariga Yurub. Landform halkan qaadataa iyo noocyada kale. Tani waxay si gaar caan ku xuduudaha madal.

Tusaale ahaan, ee waqooyi-galbeed xad dhaaf ah madal ee Norway, Sweden iyo Finland waa gaashaanka crystalline Baltic. Halkan, oo ku yaalla koonfurta ee Sweden, oo ku yaalla dooxada Sredneshvedskaya. Oo dhererkiisu waqooyi ilaa koonfur iyo bari ilaa galbeed, siday u kala horreeyaan loo siman yahay 200 km iyo 500 km. Altitude halkan ka yar yahay 200 m.

Laakiin ee waqooyiga Sweden iyo Finland banka ku yaal Norland. Its height ugu badan waa 800 mitir ka sarreysaa oogada badda.

Sare waxa lagu gartaa site yar Norway oo ka mid ah madal Bariga Yurub. Landform ka dibna uu noqdo qof buuraleyda. Oo ma aha la yaab, tan iyo buuraha lahaa ee galbeedka si tartiib tartiib ah uu noqdo buuraha aad u dhabta ah, isagoo sita magaca Scandinavian ah. Laakiin waxyaalahan waxaa loo buuraha hore u soo jeeda orogeny ku Caledonian, aan si toos ah oo la xiriira kuwa ku qoran madal u eegista sida lagu muujiyey khariidada tectonic.

webiga

Haddaba eegno berkadood ugu weyn kuwaas oo ku yaalla dhulka hoos madal waxbarasho. Ka dib oo dhan, waxay, sidoo kale, waa gargaar-arrimood.

Webiga weyn ee madal Bariga Yurub oo dhan of Europe waa Volga ah. Oo dhererkiisu waa 3530 km, iyo meesha pool 1.36 million sq ah. M. km. webiga waxay u baxayaan waqooyi ilaa koonfur, halka dalalka ku xeeran sameynta qaab gargaarka u dhigma daad Russia. Volga faaruqdo Badda Caspian ah.

Kale ee webiga madal Ruush waa Dnieper ah. Oo dhererkiisu waa 2287 km. Waxay, sida Volga ah, iyo Wabiyadan socota waqooyi ilaa koonfur, laakiin, in la barbardhigo walaasheed ay ka dheer, ma dhici galay Badda Caspian iyo Badda Madow. Webiga mara dhulka ee saddexda dal, Russia, Belarus iyo Ukraine. Iyada oo ku saabsan nus ka mid ah oo dhererkeedu wuxuu si sax ah in Ukraine uu hoos u dhaco.

Wabiyaal kale oo waaweyn oo si fiican u yaqaan ee madal Ruush waa in ka mid ah Don ah (1870 km), Nistru (1,352 km), cayayaan ee Koonfurta (806 km), Neva (74 km), addoon ka mid ah Dona Seversky Donets River (1,053 km), addoon ka mid ah Oka Volga ee (1499 km) iyo Kama (2030 km).

Waxaa intaas dheer, qaybta ugu koonfurta-galbeed ee madal galay Badda Madow, webiga Danube. Dhererka webiga weyn waa 2960 km, laakiin gabi ahaanba ay naga qaadato ka baxsan xudduudaha madal daraasadda, oo keliya afka Danube ee waxa uu ku yaalaa on dhulkeeda.

harooyinka

Waxaa jira gayiga madal Ruush iyo baddii. The ugu weyn iyaga ka mid ah waxay ku yaalaan waqooyi-galbeed ee Russia. Waa gudubno biyaha saafiga ah ee ugu weyn Europe ayaa Ladoga (aagga of 17.9 kun sq Km..) Oo Lake Onega (9.7 kun oo sq. Km.).

Intaa waxaa dheer, oo ku yaalla koonfurta of Platform Ruushka ku taala Badda Caspian, taas oo ah, dhab ahaantii, waa u gudubno, cusbo ah. Waa jirka ugu weyn ee biyaha ee adduunka in aanu marin u leedahay badaha dunida ee. Its meesha waa 371,0 sq. M. km.

macdan

Haddaba aynu baadho macdan ah madal Bariga Yurub. Oo uurkii arrintan waa mid aad u hodan ku hadiyado. Sidaas daraaddeed, in bari ee Ukraine iyo Russia galbeed waa mid ka mid ah maddiibadihii dhuxusha ee dunida ugu weyn - Donbass.

On dhulka ee Ukraine sidoo kale waa bir Krivoy Rog iyo balliyo Nikopol manganese. kayd Kuwaas waxaa la xiriira helitaanka dusha sare ee gaashaan Ukraine. dukaamada More ay bir yihiin dalka reer Kursk magnetic xilkeeda ee Russia. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma jiro gaashaan dibadda u baxay, laakiin cuduradaas oo aad ugu dhow in ay dusha sare.

In deegaanka ee Caspian Basin ah, iyo sidoo kale in Tatarstan, waxaa jira kayd caddaalad ah oo waaweyn oo saliid ah. sidoo kale waxay ka mid yihiin dhulka ka mid ah gobolka saliida iyo gaaska ee koonfurta ee Ukraine.

On the apatite Kola Peninsula la aasaasay soo saarka on scale warshadaha.

Dhab ahaantii, kuwanu waa macdanta ugu weyn ee ay madal Bariga Yurub.

Carradu of Platform Ruushka

ciidda bacrin ah waxaa jira madal Yurub East? Haa, waa in gobolka this mid ka mid ah carrada ugu bacrin ah ee dunida. Gaar ahaan noocyada ciidda qiimo leh ku yaalaan koonfurta iyo dhexe ee Ukraine, iyo sidoo kale in gobolka Black Earth ee Russia. Waxaa loo yaqaan dhulka madow. Tani waa ciid ugu bacrin ah ee dunida.

Forest bacriminta ciidda, sida cawl, kuwaas oo ku yaalla waqooyiga ee chernozems uga hooseeya.

sifooyinka guud ee madal

Foomamka gargaarka Ruush kala duwan xad kala duwan oo weyn. iyaga ka mid ah meel gaarka ah ayaa waxaa kujira bannaanka. Just madal Bariga Yurub abuuraa adag guri ugu weyn Yurub. Kaliya ubucda waxaa laga heli karaa Oogada sare. Tan waxa u sabab Qarniyadii hore ee madal this, taas oo mar dambe ma yihiin geeddi socodka orogenic iyo cimilada buuraha smoothed halkan jirey malaayiin sano ka hor.

Gobolka waxaa barakaysan kaydka weyn ee macdanta. Gaar ahaan waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in loo qoondeeyo lacag dhigaal ah ee dhuxusha iyo iron ore, marka la eego oo madal Ruush waa mid ka mid ah madaxda adduunka. Waxaa sidoo kale jira kaydka oo saliid ah iyo macdano kale.

Halkan waa dabeecadda guud u muuqataa in ay madal Bariga Yurub, ay muuqaalka guud ee dhulka, macdanta kaydiyaa gudaha, iyo sidoo kale muuqaalada juquraafi ahaaneed ee aagga. Dabcan, dalkan barakaysan, taas oo bixisa deggan oo dhan khayraadka ay lagama maarmaan tahay in haddii si sax ah loo isticmaalo, waxay noqon doontaa furaha barwaaqo.