"Macdanta. khasnadihii dhulka "," DeAgostini "

Tan iyo wakhtiyadii hore ilaa maantadan la joogo maanka xiiso leh nin qarsoon iyo xujooyinkooda dhagaxyo qaali ah iyo semiprecious yada. hiwaayad ururinta maanta ma aha oo kaliya ka iibsan kartaa dhagaxyo dhif ah, laakiin sidoo kale inay daaha ka rogaan qarsoon ee dabiiciga ah, kuwaas oo dabasocday macdanta - khasnadihii dhulkeena. Oo weliba in ay helaan aqoon qiimo leh oo ku saabsan guryaha ay loo isticmaali karo ku dhaqanka sida hawl xirfadeed, iyo sidoo kale nolol maalmeedka.

guriga Publishing "DeAgostini"

In 1901, geographer Talyaani Dzhovanni De Agostini, aasaasihii Machadka dhuleed ee Rome, aasaasay shirkadda DeAgostini ah, kaas oo sannadkii 1955 waxaa loo beddelaa publisher caansan dunida ee ugu weyn ee taxane ah oo magazine encyclopedic caan ah. In 2004, guriga daabacaadda markii ugu horeysay soo bandhigay waxyaabaha u gaarka ah si ay akhristaha Ruush. In dalka, si ay wargeysyada xiiso leh iyo midabo mahad "DeAgostini" waxaa jiray badan oo dadka dareen, sababtoo ah publications, kuwaas oo aan ku heli karo oo kaliya aqoon, laakiin sidoo kale in la soo ururiyo a collection of dhacdooyin la jiray hore u shiidaa geli karin in ay taageerayaasha rarities.

"DeAgostini" magazine - "Macdanta. Qasnadaha dhulka "

Waa maxay soo jiidata alaabta guriga daabacaadda? Mid ka mid ah daabacaadan oo waxtar leh iyo wargelin ah oo kale waa joornaalka lagu daabacay by DeAgostini, - «Macdanta. Qasnadaha dhulka. " Mashruucan todobaadle muuqday on gadhi dalkeena ee August 2013 iyo ilaa maantadan la joogo weli caan ah iyo sida ugu fiican-iibinta. Akhrinta magazine this, waxaad ogaan kartaa dunida cajiib ah oo dahsoon oo ah macdanta, iyo dhagaxyo qaali ah iyo semiprecious, qarinayaan in guntiisa dhulkeenna, inuu u muujiyo qarsoodigooda, oo waa la ilaashaa, alchemists qarniyo, saaxiriinta iyo shamans. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxa uu sharaxayaa ma aha oo kaliya guryaha asalka ah soo jireenka ah ee macdanta kala duwan, laakiin sidoo kale Halabuurka kiimikada ay, guryaha jirka ah, iyadoo la isticmaalayo tayada ay cilmi sayniska, qoondaynta iyo sharaxaad faahfaahsan oo dhagax kasta iyo kala duwanaansho ay.

Laakiin waxa ugu muhiimsan waa oo xiiso gaar ah ururiyaha kasta, waa in arin kasta, marka lagu daro arrinta "Macdanta. Qasnadaha dhulka "oo sheekada ka mid ah dhagxantii qudhiisu helay item ururiyaha ee ay qaab dabiici ah. Sayidka, iibsato wargeysyada koob ee taxanahan, waxaad ka qaadan kartaa ururinta oo dhan dhagaxyo qaali ah semi-jiidasho leh.

"Macdanta - Waxa aad ka majaladda" DeAgostini "baran karaan. Qasnadaha dhulka "?

By waxbarashada this edition gaar ah oo midabo, waxaad baran kartaa macluumaad badan oo xiiso ma aha oo kaliya oo ku saabsan isu dhagaxyada iyo macdan, guryaha iyo sifooyinka ay, laakiin sidoo kale on xaqiiqooyinka kale ee la xidhiidha. magazine ayaa wuxuu ka kooban yahay sagaal qaybood oo waaweyn aasaasiga ah, kuwaasoo mid walba uu goonidiisa yahay encyclopedia yar oo kala duwan. kuwa ugu muhiimsan ee ah in kor Negidihiin si toos ah macdanta, iyo dhagaxyo qaali ah iyo semi-qaali ah, waa kuwa soo socda:

• "Macdanta". Qaybtani waxay siisaa waxtar leh oo ay fududahay in la fahmo akhristaha fudud macluumaadka aasaasiga ah ee ku saabsan characters weyn ee taxanaha - macdanta, sifooyinka iyo guryaha.
• "GEMS". Qaybtani waxay u hibeeyeen ilaa ay khasnadaha qiimo leh - macdan qaali ah loo yaqaan, sheekooyinka, khuraafaadka iyo halyeeyadoodii hore la xiriira iyaga la. Halkan waxa aad ka arki kartaa sawirada asalka ah ee dhagaxyada la yaab leh, ka bartaan hababka iyo bartaan noocyo ka mid ah ay cut.
• "Secrets of macdanta." Muddo dheer la doortay oo qura ahaayeen waxyaalaha qarsoon oo la heli karo iyo waxyaalaha qarsoon in qarin noocyo kala duwan oo macdan. Qasnadaha dalka loo isticmaalo by nimankii ee Umaad sixir iyo cibaadaysi, alchemists isku dayeen in ay abuuraan oo ay gargaar ka Saaxir ee Stone. Qaybtani waxa ay shaaca ka qaaday qarsoon ee macdanta ka barta sayniska of view. dhagaxyo Adduunka waxaa lagu soo bandhigay iyadoo la raacayo ay kala soocidda, asalka iyo taariikhda waxbarasho. Waxa kaloo u qeexayaa cilmi ka mid ah kiimikada, jirka iyo guryaha indhaha.
• "Man iyo macdanta." Halkan waxa aad ka baran karaan dhexgalka sida wax ku ool ah oo waxtar leh macdanta ee nolol maalmeedka, oo ku salaysan qarniyo ah ee waayo-aragnimo in isticmaalka dhagaxyo lithotherapy, fikirka, nasashada iyo maaraynta socodka tamarta.
• "Collection". Waxaa laga yaabaa in qaybta ugu muhiimsan ee taageerayaasha macdanta iyo dhagaxyadii, ayaa bilowday Jidka this xiiso iyo riyoodaan oo ah qaniimooyin cusub.

qaybaha kale ee majaladda

Afar qaybta dheeraad ah ku jira aan macluumaad ka yar xiiso iyo jahooyinka ballaarinta ee akhristaha waa kuwa xiiso ma aha oo kaliya by macdanta, laakiin sidoo kale taariikhda iyo geedi socodka ka soo jeedo, meel hodan ku ah khasnadihii kuwan.

• "Dhagaxyada". Sharaxaad faahfaahsan oo ka kooban macdanta iyo asal ahaan ka mid ah dhagaxyada kala duwan, iyo dhiig-miirashada aadanaha.
• "Fossils". In si qoto dheer la soo dhaafay dhulkeenna la degganaa by badan oo ka mid ah noolaha ku nool cajiib ah in ay muddo dheer bakhtiyeen oo noqon karin waxbarasho toos ah ee akhristaha cajiib ah. Laakiin photos of fossils la sharaxaada iyo xaqiiqooyinka xiiso leh oo ku saabsan loo baran karaa qaybta "Fossils". xaqiiqooyin badan yihiin oo xiiso leh, waxaa inta badan si toos ah loola xiriirinayay in asalka ah ee macdanta qaarkood.
• "Planet Earth". Qaybtani waxay sheegaysaa story of formation of dhagaxyada kala duwan iyo macdan ku jira sabab u ah dhulgariir, buureedyada iyo ifafaale kale dhulka ee ugu waaweyn iyaga oo ku.
• "Halkee?". Qaybtani waxay qeexayaa dhulka ee soo jiidashada, matxafyada, kaydka dabeecadda iyo dhaqanka kale ee dhulka ee caalamiga ah waxaa si toos ah oo la xidhiidha macdanta sida, sida macdanta - khasnadihii dhulka.

Waxa ku jira set log ah?

"DeAgostini" Publisher ayaa loogu talagalay in arin kasta ee majaladda si ay u noqon kartaa in aan xiiso leh oo keliya inay akhriyaan, si ay u bartaan aqoonta cusub oo uu soo urursado ururinta ah, laakiin sidoo kale ay fududahay in ay ku kaydiso (sida pages magazine, oo waxay isku dhagaxyada).

Waayo, edition saddexaad, waxaad ka heli kartaa hadiyad - folder habboon la kala qaybinaya, waayo, cinwaanka kala duwan. magazine laftiisa la sameeyo si ay u fududahay in la kala go'yaal qofka loo qaybin karaa mawduucyada kor ku xusan, oo u ogolaanaya in aad si aad u hesho macluumaad loo baahan yahay in gal ah si fudud. Sayidka, arrimaha qofka loo sameeyay in this encyclopaedia nidaamsan "Macdanta. Qasnadaha dhulka. "

Case kaydinta ee macdanta iyo dhagaxyada - hadiyad kale oo akhristaha in uu arrinta labaad ee Macalester. Waa sanduuq caag ah oo leh mesh a in si gaar ah loogu talagalay in ay ku kaydiso ururinta muunad asalka ah.

Maxaa macdanta la soo wada iibsan karo majaladda?

Iyadoo sii daayo kasta oo ururiyaha waa inay awoodaan inay buuxiyaan ay ururinta tusaale cusub ee macdanta ama gemstone. Kuwani baarka dhab ah ka keeneen geesood kala duwan ee dunida iyo waxa lagu soo saaray ee beeraha ku yaala Brazil, Uruguay, Hindiya, Sri Lanka, Namibia, Koonfur Afrika, Australia, United Kingdom, Madagascar iyo meelo kale.

On caalamka ee meelo badan oo dhagaxyada hodan dhagaxyo qaali ah, iyo semiprecious, waxaa ku jira in Halabuurka macdanta kala duwan ay - dhulka khasnadihii.

List of dhagaxyo semi-qaali ah iyo macdan, iibsatay for ururin gaar ahaaneed, oo ay la socdaan daayo kasta oo magazine cusub, waa arrin ballaaran, oo uu had iyo jeer lala simay magacyada cusub oo noocyo kala duwan ah. Halkan waxaa lagu arki karaa dhagaxyo sida si fiican u yaqaan sida ametustos, kacay quartz, Opal, crystal ayaa dhagaxayga weyn, il shabeel, iyo agate, iyo citrine; oo dhif ah, wax yar-yaqaan (gaar ahaan kuwa aruuriya laylis) tijaabooyinka - chalcopyrite Beautiful iyo lepidolite, iyo onika madow iyo obsidian, labrador barbaraha madow, whimsical kacay lamadegaanka, ka selenite, olivine, albite, cordierite, iyo kuwo kale oo badan.

Ametustos - tusaale ahaan ururinta semiprecious

Waayo, lover kasta oo ah macdanta, dhagaxyada semi-oo qaali ah oo qaali ah, iyo semi-qaali ah si gaar ah ugu han ay ururinta. Macdanta, khasnadihii dhulka, in ururinta gaar ah loo soo bandhigi karo by noocyo kala duwan oo baarka. Oo ururiyaha ma ma diidi doontaa in ku dhowaad mid ka mid ah dhagxantii fiican semi-qaali ah - ametustos.

macdanta Tani waa noocyo kala duwan oo si gaar ah qiimo leh ee quartz. Its midabka laga yaabaa guduud, magenta, casaan, casaan ama buluug ah. amethysts guduudan yihiin kuwa ugu badan. Tirayn midabka ku xiran tahay content boqolkiiba nijaasta daahiriya birta. Dhagaxii ayaa bixisa madxafka.

kiristaalo ametustos yihiin in ay hor istaagi heerkulka sare awoodo, laakiin haddii ay tahay si adag u kulul ama sakhiray si toos ah iftiinka qoraxda, waa lumin doonaa midabka. Tani waa arrin ku meel gaadh ah qaadataa meel, iyo rinjiyeynta ka dib qaboojinta dhagax.

Ametustos - gemstone. The alaabta tayada sareeya waxaa la soo saaray ee Brazil, Uruguay iyo Urals ah. Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in macdanta this ka caawisaa qofka in la fahmo waxyaalaha qarsoon ee kaarto sare, iyo xigmaddii universal, si ay u horumariyaan kartidooda qarsoon gudaha u dhawaadaan ka buuxda. Waxay ka caawisaa in ay ku noolaadaan nabad, in ay u hoggaansamaan hadhayn iyo daacadnimo. Amethysts ee Russia qurxiyey iyadoo qabta taajkii boqornimada, oo allabari, walxood oo soo gudubtaa sheekh.

Garnet qaali ah

qayb ka mid ah ururinta in loo soo bandhigi karo by dhagaxyo qaali ah, waxaa kale oo suuragal ah si loo kordhiyo iyadoo mid ka mid ah arrimaha Joornaalkii "Macdanta. Qasnadaha dhulka. " Garnet - mid ka mid ah alaab kuwa, degi doono meel istaahila in ururinta kasta, inkastoo ay kharashka baahsan iyo hooseeya marka loo eego.

In waxgarasho bam mineralogist - waa koox ka mid ah macdan ah oo midabo iyo midabo kala duwan, halka dadka caadiga ah inta badan waxay aaminsan yihiin in ay tahay midabka dhagax juice rummaan ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tani ma aha kiiska, magaca iyo asalka ah ee dhagaxa xiran yahay qaab-dhismeedka hadhuudhka ah u eg miraha foomka uurjiifka. Kooxda Garnet waxaa ka mid ah macdanta sida pink rhodolite, orange ama buluug hessonite, cagaaran sumurud uvarovite, grossularite cagaar khafiif ah, Pyrope casaan, madow iyo kale melanite.

Iftiimiyo in hal galaas oo Garnet, diamond ka yar. macdanta waa in laga ilaaliyo xiriir la kiimikada, kulaylka iyo qorraxdu si toos ah. Dhigashada ee noocyada kala duwan ee rummaan waxaa laga helaa Maraykanka, India, Germany, South Africa, Australia, Brazil iyo Mexico. In Russia, ay miino ku Yakutia, Karelia, Urals ah, Peninsula Kola ah iyo Chukotka.

Waayo, dad badan, oo dhagaxan qurux badan waxaa loo arkaa calaamad u ah jacayl iyo kacsi xaaraan. Sidaa darteed, hadiyada ugu wanaagsan ee gabdhaha yar yar aan guursan ayaa waxa qurxinta leh Garnet, sida caadiga ah waxa ay ka kala duwan oo cas. Laakiin, marka lagu daro, rummaanka waxaa loo arkaa calaamad u ah awoodda, xoog iyo doonista, iyo sida loo isticmaalo in ay qurxiyaan taaj Imperial iyo boqornimo.

Waxaan isticmaali macdanta iyo ujeeddooyin daawooyin cudurrada ee dhiigga iyo waxyaalaha qalbiga ku jira, madax-xanuun iyo heerkulka sare. In Dr Makumbe Europe waxaa la laga badbaadiyo sunta iyo nabro.

agate buluug

Macdanta in ay yihiin kala duwan cryptocrystalline ah quartz, agate yeedhay. Kuwaas oo dhagaxyo la yaab leh u qurux badan, la texture iyo midabka qaybinta ah oo israac ah oo nidar, unit ganaax-fiber waa khalkedoon.

Waxaa ka mid ah noocyo badan oo agate agate buluug, ama sapphirine, tixgeliyaa ugu caansan, dhif ah, oo aan caadi ahayn oo casri ah. Jewelers isticmaali agate buluug ah, ma aha oo kaliya sidii dhagax ornamental, laakiin sida soo saaridda ee dahabka semi-qaali ah. Waxay ahayd mid ka mid ah nuqulada kuwa oo soo bandhigay ururinta in mid ka mid ah koob oo ah "Macdanta. Qasnadaha dhulka. "

The dhagxan qaali ah oo buluug agate, iyo sidoo kale dhammaan macdanta kale in midabka, siin deji, nabad iyo dareen ah fudaydkii. Khafiif ah, gariirka jilicsan ee ay tamar in lagu dhiirrigeliyo aqoonta qarsoon ee boqortooyada ruuxiga ah. In lithotherapy macdanta loo isticmaalo in lagu daaweeyo cudurrada cunaha, qanjirka thyroid, qufac daba dheeraaday. In qarniyadii dhexe, qaniinyada of masaska sunta ah loo isticmaalo Barxo biyo rastortogo agate buluug ah budo.

agate Blue markii kululeeyo lumiyo midabka, laakiin waxa ay dib u soo celisa kadib markii uu muddo dheer uu biyaha. Sidoo kale, midabka kala duwanaan karaa qoraxda ama, on lid ku ah, kadib markii uu muddo dheer mugdi ah.

Blue iyo agate waxaa miino ee Koonfur Afrika, Hindiya, Mexico, Brazil, Uruguay, Romania, China, Australia, Mongolia iyo Madagascar. In Maraykanka, lacag dhigaal ah buluug agate horumariyo dalalka of California, Washington iyo South Dakota.