Laxamiistaha ugu Jarmal Paul Hindemith: Biography, nolosha, hal-abuurka iyo xiiso leh xaqiiqooyinka

Paul Hindemith (Paul Hindemith) kasbatay horyaalka ee mid ka mid ah fanaaniinta Jarmal ugu fahmada badan. Waxa uu xaliyay ciyaaray dhowr alaabtii muusikada, oo ay qabatay qolkii kooban iyo music symphonic, ku qoray shuqullo badan oo isla heesta iyo ka soo shaqeeyay on opera ah. In Germany, wuxuuna ka mid ahaa innovator ah, maxaa yeelay, wuxuu rumeysan yahay in music waa in ay ahaataa oo keliya ma aha qoraal tayo duubnaadaan heeseed ah, laakiin sidoo kale nooc ka mid ah batariga ka dib dhegeysiga noqon kartaa nooc ka mid ah ciidamada moral.

Yaqaan dunida ka mid ah music garde Jarmal oo dhan

In qeybtii hore ee qarnigii labaatanaad, Paul Hindemith (Biography gaaban oo laga wada hadli doonaa in this article) waxaa loo tixgeliyaa inay wax-uqabso. Waxa uu gabi ahaanba ka baxay fashion waqtiga adduunka ee dodecaphony music. Uu music ahaa ka duwan wax hore oo qoraal ah. Iyadaa Goebbels waxaa mid ka mid ah qorayaasha ugu weyn ee Jarmal qiray, laakiin aqoonsi taasi ma yeelin xidhiidhka ka dhexeeya Paul Hindemith iyo tip Nazi booli. muusikiiste tayo iyo laxamiistaha lagu qasbay inuu dalkiisii hooyo ee uu ku tago. In la masaafuriyey, ayuu qoray shuqullo badan oo ku saabsan sharraxaadda muusikada in fannaaniin casriga ah iyo musicologists ayaa weli si firfircoon loo isticmaalaa in shaqada iyo tababarka. Waxa uu music mamnuucay by naasiga qoran, hadda ka diiwaangashan category ee Classics casriga ah. Later in this article aan la tixgelin doonaa Biography, hal-abuurka, Paul Hindemith iyo qoreysa shuqullada qoran by.

Warbixin kooban oo ku saabsan meesha uu ku dhashay, waalidka iyo qoyska of heesaagii

Paul Hindemith, shuqulladiisa oo waxaa loo yaqaan dunida oo dhan, waxa uu ku dhashay meel u dhow Frankfurt, in magaalada yar ee Hanau ahay Main. Head of qoyska uu ahaa nin saanac ah oo la mid ah Jarmal - Carl Hindemith. Ugu jaleecada hore u muuqato mid la yaab leh, kuwaasoo ay wiilka dhaxli karo tayo aan caadi aheyn oo ay jariiradu dhegta for music. Laakiin waxaa la og yahay in aabbihiis, Karl Hindemit, isagoo rinjiile keliya, jeclaa inuu u ciyaaro on tsintre oo ahayd arrin ka amateurs muusikiiste wanaagsan. Inta badan, waxa uu Ruhbaaniyad in wiilkiisa jacayl ah fanka guud ahaan, oo ay ku jiraan music ah.

talanti muusikada iyo tababar hanad mustaqbalka

talanti wiilka laftiisa muujiyey hore ku filan. Tan iyo carruurnimada, wuxuu bartay leh dan weyn iyo bartay inuu ka ciyaaro ee durbaanada, piano, violin iyo Viola. waxbarashada muusikada uu helay in Frankfurt ahay Main, galay conservatory ah. Waxaa, Paul bartay inuu ka ciyaaro violin iyo bartay kuwan raadkaygay qabashada.

Dhimashada aabbihiis hore iyo adeegga ciidanka reer Paul

In 1915, Karl - aabbihiis Paul - dhinto dagaalka. Germany ku lug Dagaalkii Adduunka, iyo xaaladda dhaqaale ee qoysas badan German waa miskiin. qoyska laxamiistaha iyo muusikiiste ee waa laga reebo lahayn. Hooyo Maryan ayaa naag carmal ah oo ka tagay saddex caruur ah, iyo Paul waxaa shaqo raadinta oo uu mushaar u fiican, si ay u bartey iyada ku caawin. Muddadan, waxa uu ahaa nasiib si aad u hesho shaqo dalab concertmaster ah Opera Frankfurt ah. Kaari ee orchestra halkaas joogay Ludwig Rottenberg. Interesting waa xaqiiqda ah in uu gabadhiisa ka dib guursaday Paul Hindemith.

Accompanist guriga opera ee uu ilaa shaqeeyaan si ay 1917. Tan waxa la qasabka ah. Waxaa jira this nin dhallinyaro tayo leh, dabcan, ma aysan joogsan hawlaha hal abuur leh. Waxa uu qirtay in guutadii military sida durbaan garaace ah, sidoo kale noqdo xubin ka mid ah Afar string ah. In 1918, uu sameeyaa in doorka Afar violin ugu horeysay. Kadib markii uu dhamaystay adeeg ciidan, Paul Laabtay Opera Frankfurt Golaha, halkaas oo uu ka shaqeeyay ilaa 1923 accompanist.

Imaanshiyaha Afar a Lykke Amara

In hore 20-mada ee bulshada music ee Germany ah, Paul Hindemith hore loo yaqaan a laxamiistaha talented, violinist iyo violist. Ka shaqeeya Opera Frankfurt ah, wuxuu sameeyaa oo keliya ma aha shaqo ee accompanist ah. In isku midka ah, heesaagii door ee keyd kooxda A. Rebnera. Ka dib markii ka soo laabtay ciidanka, Hindemith go'aansaday inuu ka ciyaaro kooxdaan, Viola ka.

Waqti ka, ee dhadhankii muusikada oo uu mentor Rebnera Paul arko in muxaafid. Sidaas daraaddeed ayuu u bedelay kooxda oo noqday qayb ka mid ah Afar kale - hogaaminayo violinist caan Lykke Amara. Kooxda ayaa socday ilaa 1929kii, iyo, shaki ku jirin, waxay ahayd guul weyn oo keliya ma aha ee guriga, laakiin sidoo kale meel ka durugsan xuduudaheeda. uga dhicin kaalinta Viola, Paul fursad u helay in loogu meero badan oo arag wax badan ka mid ah dalalka Yurub.

horumarinta degdegga ah ee xirfadiisa guul

Paul Hindemith - laxamiistaha ugu, kuwaas oo ka shaqeeya bulshada guud marka hore maqlay in 1922, magaalada Salzburg, inta lagu guda jiro Maalmaha Music World. Guusha songs qoran isaga ku xigtayna waxaa iska cad, in kastoo, oo ka dhigay in badan oo ka mid ah dood. In 1923 waxaa loo magacaabay qabanqaabiyaha ah Festival of Contemporary Music, kaas oo ka dhacay magaalo la yidhaahdo Donaueschingen. Paul hadhay aamin ah u doorbidayaan jiho cusub ee music, iyo dhiiri at shuqullada iid ah composers wax-uqabso ah. Alto waajihid inta lagu guda jiro xaflado, wuxuu iska sameeyaa.

In 1927, Hindemith bixiyeen Halabuurka waxbarashada ee Hochschule Berlin ee für Musik ah, oo isna wuu aqbalay. The dhowrkii sano ee soo socda ayaa aad ku guulaysato mustaqbalkiisa ciyaareed. waxbarashada reebo, Bawlos waxa uu ka qayb qaatay xirfad Solo oo kormeeray sida violist ah. riwaayada waxaa guul soo orday dalka Maraykanka, waxay siinaysaa qaab dalal badan, oo ay ku jirto Masar iyo Turkey.

Astaanta xiriirka adag ee u dhexeeya taliskii Nazi iyo dad hal abuur leh ee Germany

In 30 ee u yimid in ay awoodda xisbiga Nazi ka, xiriirka kii la muusikiiste iyo laxamiistaha daray adag. Hal sabab for noqoto Haweenaydii Paul - Gertrude Rotenberg, taas oo uu ku galay 1924 guurka rasmi ah. Xaqiiqada ah in, sida ay sharciyada diinta, waxa aan la tixgeliyo Yuhuudi ah, naasiga ah lahayn muhiimad gaar ah. Aabbaha-muusikiiste Ludwig Rothenberg jiray nin Yuhuud ah, iyo in uu ahaa ku filan. Sida dad badan oo hal abuur leh, Paul Hindemith (kuwaas oo Biography, waannu soo aragnay) tixgeliyo qudhiisu qofka gebi ahaanba mana ah. bayaan Wuxuu ay asxaabta Yuhuudda, composers iyo muusikalayda hadlay, samaynta ma ka reeban ku salaysan qaran. Dabcan, xisbiga Nazi ma aysan jecleysan, laakiin hore 30-mada ay wadahadal la Yuhuuddu ma ahaa ku filan si looga hortago abuurka ah ee muusikalayda. Waxaa sidaas darteed si tartiib tartiib ah waxay bilaabeen inay u muuqdaan sheegasho in shaqadan aad.

Fikirka Nazi in shuqullada Paul ahaayeen isbedel iyo madmadow. Marka ugu horeysa waxa uu xitaa ku ammaanay. In 1934, Goebbels qudhiisa ayaa ugu yeedhay mid ka mid ah composers casriga ah German ugu muhiimsan iyo tayo Hindemith ee. Mararka qaarkood xitaa Paul hoos nooc ka mid ah bacdi Nazi ahaa. shuqulladiisa ayaa runtii jeclaa wakiilada qaar ka mid ah masuuliyiinta dalka Jarmalka. Sidoo kale door weyn sumcadda caalamiga ah ee laxamiistaha iyo muusikiiste in aan oggolaan naasiga ah in laga takhaluso waxaa ka mid ah.

booska Hindemith ee ahaa run ahaantii way adag tahay, oo sababo ammaan dartood, ayuu tusay maamulka ay doonayaan in ay u dhimayaan. In muddo gaaban, Paul bilaabmaa si ay u muujiyaan in ay walxuhu cusub ee uu raacsan yahay Jarmal iyo aragtida. In shuqullada cusub uu bixiyo dareenka badan si hiddaha Jarmal, ku qoray shuqullada xarkaha in nooc ka mid ah hab isku taxan oo cad (socod Jarmal caadiga ah). Waayo, halka uu ku noolaa dalka waa xawaal, laakiin saaxiibtinimada leh Yuhuudda iyo ra'yi ah ee Hindemith in tihiin dad waa in ay si buuxda xor ah oo madax bannaan, iyagu ma ay racfaan laga yaabaa inuu ku qadayn of Reich Saddexaad.

iska hor imaad Open wakiillo oo ka mid ah masuuliyiinta Jarmal

Paul Hindemith, shuqullada muusikada kuwaas oo jecel in dalal badan, guriga ku dhacaa dulli furan. Perigee khilaafka soo dhaadacday oo socday in 1934. Goering si rasmi ah waxa uu mamnuucayaa diyaarinaya Ciyaar ee opera Hindemith ee loo yaqaan "Mathis der Maler". In mid ka mid ah khudbado uu, J. Gebels laxamiistaha magac-wacaya "atonal Foley, soo saare dhawaaqa". dhaleecayn Nazi wac shuqulkiisa "farshaxanka ba'ay". Cadaadis moral xoog Hindemith joojiyo shaqada dugsiga Berlin ah, waqti iska mudo aan cayinayn.

Departure oo ku soo laabtay dalka Turkiga "adeega" ee Hitler

In muddo adag, Paul heshay dalab uga yimid Mustafa Ataturk - siyaasi Turkish iyo reformer - booqo Ankara iyo caawiyaan sameynta qorshe lagu habeynta waxbarashada muusikada ee Turkey. xaaska Hindemith ku heshiiyaan in ay soo jeedinta iyo ku meel gaar ah ka tago Germany. Paul ayaa waxa ay ka hawl sameeyey, oou kaalin weyn abuurka barnaamijka caalamiga ah ee waxbarashada music, kaas oo lagu isticmaalay dhammaan waxbarashada music Turkish. Waa inuu gashadaa badan oo dadaal si music conservatory ugu horeeyay ee la furay ee Ankara. In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in laxamiistaha ugu Turkish iyo muusikiiste riyaaqay ixtiraam weyn, ka duwan soo guuray dad badan oo ka soo cararay Germany waqtiga, iyo naagtiisii, waxay ugu dhakhsaha badan ay go'aansadeen in ay ku noqdaan dalkooda.

Ka dib markii in Paul soo laabtay mar kale leeyihiin si ay u sameeyaan wax badan oo tanaasul la masuuliyiinta Jarmal. In 1936, wuxuu ku dhaartaa daacad u Hitler. Laxamiistaha composes gabyeen halyeynimo Luftwaffe, shuqulladiisa waxaa ka buuxa yabban "Jarmal" bilaabayaan inay la sameeyaa xafladaha muusigga oo dhan Germany. Laakiin tan "nabad" la lahaa naasigii ma dheer socon. In Germany bilaabo halganka furan dhanka ah Hababka music casriga ah. Jarmalka ayaa iyaga ugu yeedho "ba'ay." Paul shaqeeya (marka laga reebo dhawr) dayrta hoos qeexidda iyo, in dhamaadka, waxqabadkooda ugu danbeeyay ee ganaax ku soo rogay in Germany.

Waxaa intaa dheer, ee dalka xoojiyo tallaabooyinka anti-Yuhuudda. Hindemith bilaabaa in uu si dhab ah u cabsaneyso ammaanka oo uu naagtiisa, oo xilliyo hanjabay gudubka jirka. Ogaaday in uu shaqo ma laha meel Germany, laxamiistaha, violinist iyo violist Hindemit Paul go'aanka kama dambaysta ah in ay ka baxaan dalka.

Departure oo ka soo laabtay Germany ee mudada Subxigu

In 1938, Paul u dhaqaaqay Switzerland, iyo 2 sano ka dib haajiray naagtiisa Maraykanka la. In America, ayuu lagu casuumay si ay u Waanininaa jaamacadaha haybadda leh sida Yale iyo Harvard. In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in Hindemith lagu eedeeyay karaa isku day hore ee iskaashiga la lahaa naasigii in America shuqulladiisa ayaa la sameeyey oo uu guul ka soo orday. Waxa uu la odhan jiray oo adduunka ah marka laga reebo music Jarmalka ee xilligii maxaa yeelay waxa ay lacag la'aan saamayn Nazi ahaa. Waxa ay ahayd muddada deganaanta ee dalka Mareykanka oo ay ugu sarreysey ee mustaqbalkiisa dhacay. In 1946, uu helay Maraykanka dhalashada, laakiin dhowr sano ka dib, sanadkii 1953, dhaqaaqay Zurich. Waxaa uu keenaysaa muxaadaro at jaamacad maxali ah iyo qabashada orchestra ah, fulinta shuqulkiisa.

Waxaan macsalaameeyay nolosha in nin ka mid ahaa hanad weli guriga ee Germany. Waxa uu si Frankfurt, halkaas oo uu ku dhintay 1963 ka weerar of pankreatit soo laabtay.

dhaxal ahaan muusikada qiimo Hindemith

Paul Hindemith loo aqoonsaday theorist awood music, miyuusikiiste, macalin, kaari. Ninkan tagay tiro badan oo shuqullada in noocyo kala duwan oo muusig, uu ku qoran tiro badan oo xagga shuqullada, waayo, orchestra, curinta music qolkii alaab kala duwan, u shaqeeya ballet, choir iyo, dabcan, waayo, opera ah.

Opera - qayb muhiim ah oo ka mid ah nolosha iyo shaqada Paul Hindemith

Qayb weyn oo ka tagay in Paul tagay si Faracoodii ka samaysan opera ah. The dhaleecayn iyo musicologists rumaysan in ay tahay in si cad u iyaga ka muujiyay laxamiistaha aragti iyo muusikiiste, fahamka iyo khariidaynta xaqiiqada casriga ah iyo booska moral iyo anshaxa, soo raacay by qoraa. Waa opera ah Paul Hindemith ka shaqeeyay ilaa maalmaha ugu dambeeya ee uu noloshiisa. laxamiistaha ugu Jarmal qoray music for badan oo lagu guulaystay oo si fiican u yaqaan oo dhan operas dunida, kaas oo ka mid ah:

• "Mathis der Maler".
• "Harmony ee adduunka."
• "NLSH-Nushi".
• "Dilaaga The - Haweenka rajeynayaa."
• "Cardillac".
• "Daily News".
• "The Long Casho Christmas".
• "Saint Susanna."