Kirch - kaniisad Lutheran ... Waa maxay?

Kirchen asal ahaan loo yaqaan Lutheran dhismeedka dhaqan. Laakiin tani ma aha kiiska. The kirche erayga Jarmal u dhiganta fikradda Ruush ah "kaniisadda." In Axdiga Cusub waxaa gundhig micno gaar ah - kaniisadda (Kirch) la odhan karaa sida qaab-dhismeedka iyo bulshada ama shirka dadka aan midabaynta diinta.

Church-dhismaha ku lug leedahay saddex nooc oo dhismayaal, goobta cibaadaysiga (Chapel), ayaa kiniisaddii iyo katedraalka. Chapel - dhismaha gaar ah loo dhisay for baahi gaar ah. Church - dhismaha ugu weyn ee kaniisadda. u dhaxeeya ma jiraan wax kala duwan Afika - ee xafladaha oo dhan, Umaad, sacrament lagu qaban laga yaabaa in goobta cibaadaysiga, iyo kiniisadda.

The gudaha kiniisadda

Kaniisadda, dhisay qaab-dhaqameed, kala qaybiyaa qaybo, caadiga ah ee meelaha Christian cibaadada. Currently, qaybsameen in dhismaha kaniisadda sida laga yaabaa in la la'yahay. Qalabka dhismaha, mid ka mid ah khilaafkooda ma noqon karo caqabad ku ah adeegidda. Waa maxay kaniisadda Lutheran ah? Dhaqan ahaan, dhismaha ka kooban dhowr qaybood:

• Balbalada - meel halkaas oo goobaha kaabayaal ah waxaa ka mid ah maktabada, musqusha, qolka labiska, qolka for imaanshiyaha shaqaalaha, iwm Kor balbalada munaaradaha sida caadiga ah ku yaalaan in adeega sidii belfries ...
• -Heesid - boos kor ku soo galo, halkaas oo ay jiraan jirka ah.
• Macbudka - qaybta ugu weyn ee dhismaha, waayo shirka. Dadkaas iyaga ah, waxaa jira kuraasta gaar ah ama kuraasta caadiga ah - ma laha. Laakiin ka soo hor jeedda meesha allabariga lagu guda jiro adag qaadan badan oo dhex-maris.
• Meesha allabariga - dhaqanka ee kaniisadda Lutheran ee, uu diinta bari. Sida caadiga ah waa ku tiil on taas oo iskutallaabta ama crucifix. meesha allabariga Behind waxaa lagu qurxiyey farshaxankiisa ama daaqadaha wasakheeyey-galaas on theme ee Injiilka. Tani waxay noqon kartaa sanam ee dabiiciga ah ama daaqad. Kirch - kaniisad, meel lagu cibaadaysto. Sidaa darteed, dhinaca minbarka meesha allabariga ku yaalla ee.

magacyada Kirch

• Church la odhan karaa by magaca degmada, wadada ama magaalada halkaas oo uu ku yaal.
• kaniisadda Lutheran Modern loo yaqaan magacyada fikradaha Christian muhiim ah. Tusaale ahaan, kaniisada Bixiyihiinna ah.
• magacyada Memorial - in Lutheranism jirto hay'ad ma quduusiinta, si Church waxaa la yiraahdaa in xusuustiisa hoggaamiyayaasha kaniisadaha ama u taliya. Tusaale ahaan, Church Lutheran ee Louise (xusuustii Queen of Prussia) ee Kaliningrad.
• Kirch qaadi karaan magaca pre-toobadda. Sida caadiga ah waa qofka ugu muhiimsan ee Axdiga Cusub, ama magacyada quduusiinta. Tusaale ahaan, Church Lutheran ee St. Paul ee Odessa.
• Magaca kiniisadda, taas oo ku xidhan raacsan jinsi ee parishioners. Tusaale ahaan, kiniisadda Jarmal.

The asal ahaan of Church Lutheran ah

Bishii Oktoobar 1517 wadaad ah Augustinian iyo professor Martin Luther daabacay 95 theses ah. Sidaas daraaddeed waxaa ku caqiido oo dhan, ka duwan caqiidada Kaniisadda Catholic. Maxaa markii hore waxaa loo loogu talagalay isbedel ugu danbeyn keentay in formation of kaniisadda cusub.

Kirch macnaha asalka ah - waa ma aha oo kaliya dhismaha, laakiin sidoo kale bulshada ee Mu'miniinta ah. Ka dib markii la Wanaajiyey ka, Kaniisadda Evangelical Lutheran (Lutheran Church) dhacdaa meel kasta oo Germany, Sweden, Finland, ka qarnigii XVI ka. Later Lutheran xoog ah waqooyiga dalka Germany, in Livonia. Waxay bilawday dhismaha baahsan ee dhismayaasha ay caabudaan.

Dhaxalgalka of Order Teutonic ah

Gobolka Kaliningrad waxaa aad u badan raagayaan Kirch wakhtigaas. Intaa waxaa dheer, dhaxalka ka mid ah dalalka Jarmalka ahaayeen Jarmal muddo kaniisad hore. In deegaanka this, kaniisadda ugu horeeyay ee u muuqday in qarnigii XIII ah. Order Teutonic ee 1256 aasaasay Kirch Shtayndamm ah, shan sano ka dib - Porkshen Kirch, in 1288 - Kirchen MENDELEYEVO MICRODISTRICT. In ka badan 60 kaniisadda Catholic, dhisay by Order Teutonic ah, hadda dhawrayay territory ee gobolka Kaliningrad ah.

Order Teutonic iyo sidoo kale dhigay qalcaddii Konigsberg ah. Church, maktabad, hoolka soo dhaweynta, munaaraddii qalcaddii, hoy, guryaha boqornimada, Tower sareeen - qaybaha qaybaha kala duwan ee ay weynaanteedana hore. Name of qalcaddii siiyey magaca, magaalada waxaa lagu dhisay meel u dhow derbiyada qalcadda. Konigsbersky Castle - indhaha qadiimiga ah ee magaalada. In 1967, qaab-dhismeedka ka haray derbiyada ayaa kor u la afuufi. Yaa go'aansaday inuu u soo celiyo.

Dhaxalgalka of East Prussia

Laga soo bilaabo qarnigii XIV ah, la formation of magaalooyinka Jarmal dalka reer East Prussia, meel walba bilaabay iyo dhismaha kaniisadaha Catholic. 120 Kirch ayaa ka badbaaday wakhtiga la joogo.

cathedral

Catholic Cathedral ugu horeeya ee la dhisay 1380. Tartiib tartiib, cathedral ka dhiso, oo saxiixi lahaa frescoes gudaha. Kirch - waa xarun nolosha kaniisadda. Sidaas darteed, inta lagu guda jiro Cathedral ee Order ee waxaa loo kala qaybiyey 2 qaybood: mid ka mid ah Knights baryay in kale - oo shirka.

Si dhakhso ah, ee soo socda si cathedral koray dhismaha jaamacadda, maktabad leh ururinta u gaar ah oo buugaag iyo qoraal gacmeedyada. On ay munaaraddii loo dhigay saacad ka duwanyihiin, ka dib cathedral la soo celiyo oo waxaa ku rakiban xubnaha cusub.

Maanta in bulshada Kaliningrad Catholic waa yar yahay. Sidaa darteed waxaa la go'aamiyay in la sameeyo of katedraalka nooc ka mid ah xarunta-macbudka, meesha ay ku baryi doonaa ee soo socota si ay wakiillo ka socda oo qiranaya kala duwan. Haddaba cathedral ah adeegyada rabaani ah waxaa qaatay Brotestanka, Orthodox iyo Catholics. Abaabulaan riwaayada iyo tartanka ee xubnaha iyo music classical.

Juditten Church

Juditten Church - hubaashii waa dhismaha ugu qadiimsan ee Kaliningrad, kaas oo lagu badbaadin karo. Year of dhismaha - 1288. kaniisadaha xusid mudan Catholic in qarniyo halkan u yimid dadkii badnaa ka mid ah dad sodcaal ah. Dhammaadkii qarnigii XIV la dhisay belfry la laba dawanno, dhigay frescoes dhalaalaya iyo hodan gudaha kaniisadda waa farshaxan Prussian qadiimiga - "Madonna on moon bilaha ah", oo waxaa lagu tiriyaa la yaababkii waaweynaa oo bogsiiyo.

Kirch ayaa ku hadhay shiidaa dhawrsan dagaalka ka dib, dadka deggan Jarmal waxaa ka mid ah ka fuliyeen adeegga ilaa 1948. Laakiin dhismaha waxaa si fiican burburiyey muhaajiriinta ka Midowga Soofiyeeti. Bilowga ee 1980 si ay u ilaaliyaan ka soo jiidashada baabba ', Kirche in Church Orthodox ku soo laabtay. Haddaba halkan waa qof dumar ah ee St. Nicholas keniisad.

Soojiidashada qarnigii XIX-XX

dhismaha taariikhi ah Kaliningrad - kaniisadda Lutheran ee Queen Louise. In sharaf of boqortooyada waxaa la dhisay 1899. In 60s maamulka la qorsheeyay in ay ku burburiyaan dhismaha, laakiin waxaa ka badbaadiyay, refitting dhismaha tiyaatarka puppet ah.

Catholic Chapel ee St. Adalbert la dhisay 1904. 30 sano ka dib waxaa lagu rakibay dhismaha la daaqadaha wareega iyo meesha allabariga dhisay. Chapel helay xaaladda kiniisadda. Intii lagu guda jiray dagaalka, qayb ka mid ah ku lifaaqan ayaa burburay iyo burburiyay, iyo qaybta hore ee kaniisadda ah ayaa shirkadda bedalay. Haddaba dhismaha ku yaala maamulka Machadka Cilmi-baarista ee.

kaniisadda Sagrada Familia la dhisay 1907. Sida laga soo xigtay naqshadeeyaha ugu, Kirk ee Catholic loo moodayay in ay guriga qoyska shirka, halkaas oo boqor ka ahaa ruuxa jacaylka Christian a. Waxaa ayaa la sameeyay Umaad kaliya baabtiiska iyo aroos. Intii lagu guda jiray kiniisadda dagaalkii labaad ee dunida waxay ahayd si fiican dhaawacan oo si tartiib ah u wada baabbi'iyey. In 1980, ka dib markii dib u dhiska dheer Regional Philharmonic Society halkaasuu ku furay. Calan xubin Czech leh 3600 tuubooyinka.

Catholic Lutheran Church of St. Joseph aasaasay 1931. dhismaha saddex dabaq ee munaaraddii iyo saqafka gadood. Inta lagu guda jiro WWII kaniisadda Lutheran ayaa wax yar ka soo gaaray, iyo dagaalka ka dib, markaas kaalinta Railway Club. In 1969 dhismaha la dhiso, oo dhigay in bakhaarada in waxaa halkaas ku yaalla waqti xaadirkaan.

Kirch, hadda simaha sida kiniisadaha Orthodox

Ponarth Lutheran-Lutheran Church - waa dhismaha ugu quruxda badan ee qaab Gothic. Waxaa la dhisay 1897 kharash ku maxalliga ah warshad khamri, dadka deegaanka iyo kaalmada dowladda. jirka kaniisadda Lutheran siiyey bulshada Yuhuudda ee magaalada. nidaam aad ujecel dhowaad ma burburay intii lagu jiray dagaalka. Dagaalka ka dib, la Jestkii kaniisadda la saaray, iyo qolka waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida meel lagu kaydiyo. In 1991 dhismaha la siiyey ee Church Orthodox Ruush, iyo hadda waa kaniisadda Orthodox ah dhalatay of Virgin ee barakaysan.

kaniisadda Rosenau Lutheran la dhigay in 1914. Laakiin dhismaha sababta oo ah dagaalka (World First) macbudka lahaa in la joojiyo. In 1926 dhismaha kaniisadda ayaa lagu soo gabagabeeyey. Intii lagu guda jiray kiniisadda Second World Lutheran ku dhowaad uma oggolaanin iyo waxaa loo isticmaalay sida bakhaar. 25 sano ka hor dhismaha la siiyey ee Church Orthodox Ruush, oo haatan halkan kaniisadda Orthodox of Virgin Quduuska ah.

Lutheran Church of Cross la dhisay oo quduus ka dhigay in 1933. Intii lagu guda jiray dagaalka ayay heshay burbur yar, iyo ka dib dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka dhismaha ahaa dukaanka. In 1988, dhismaha la siiyey Orthodox Church Ruush, quduus ka dhigay in 1994, maanta waa la Orthodox Cross Quduuska Cathedral.

meesha ugu danbeysay ee lagu cibaadaysto, iyadoo Jarmalka ay ku dhisay Königsberg, wuxuu ahaa Church Lutheran Masiixa. Iyagu way dhiseen deegaanka shaqada oo aan sharraxaad iyo embellishments. Dhismaha waxaa la abuuray 1937. Kaniisadda ayaa laga yaabaa in 720 oo qof markiiba. Dagaalka ka dib, building habeeyay Golaha Dhaqanka. Dhismaha waxaa ku wareejiyay ROC ah, laakiin, sida laga soo xigtay maamulka sare, halka halkan ku ordi doonaa kooxda.

Jira Lutheran iyo Catholic Kaniisadaha

Haddaba Kaliningrad ee kaniisada Catholic 2 imaanshaha: Quduuska Qoyska iyo St. Adalbert. dhismayaasha kaniisadda ayaa la dhisay sanadkii 1991 iyo 1992. "Caritas West" Xarunta Catholic ayaa sidoo kale la furay sanadkii 1992. Waxay ka shaqaysaa in magaalada iyo laanta Catholic College.

Kiniisadda dadwaynaha magaalada soo noolaaday oo kaliya sanadkii 1991. Lutherans ururin dhismaha kaniisadda on Prospekt Mira ah. Waxay sidoo kale leeyihiin Provostry (degmada kaniisadda) taas oo howlgalka diiwaangashan "Light of East ah".

Waa maxay kaniisadda Lutheran ah? Ilaa toobad, kaniisadda Lutheran ee loo yaqaan Church ee dalalkan oo Jarmal. Germany - dhashay ee toobad. Ka dib ayay Catholics iyo Lutherans ayaa lagu magacaabay Kirche dhismaha (kaniisad), taas oo ay kula kulmi caabudo. Kirchen haatan kan la yidhaahdo Church Lutheran iyo qaar ka mid ah Jarmal. Waayo, sidaas oo kale Catholics, iyada oo ku xiran dalka, waxa uu noqon karaa kaniisadda ama kaniisadda. Tusaale ahaan, dadka deggan Belarus, Jamhuuriyadda Czech, Poland, Slovakia Church Catholic - kaniisadda this.