Julia Dobrovol'skaya: Biography, hawlaha iyo xaqiiqooyinka oo xiiso leh

Dobrovol'skaya Julia Abramovna si weyn loo yaqaan ee wareegyada waxbarashada iyo sayniska. Its mudnaan ahaa abuuridda ee buugga af Talyaani ugu fiican adduunka, ee qaamuusyo ugu dhamaystiran: Ruush-Talyaani iyo Talyaani-Ruush.

Waa in uu naftiisa qaaday wax badan oo filimo, buugaagta, articles, baray ardayda xad-dhaaf ah. Professor Milan, Trieste, Trent University Dobrovol'skaya sameeyey in ka badan qof kasta oo kale in dadka la af Ruush ee Italy. In ka badan hal mar Dowladda Talyaaniga ayaa abaal-marinno ay duurka ku ah dhaqanka.

Childhood, qaan-

25/08/1917 ee Nizhny Novgorod oo qoyska ka mid ah forester ah waxa uu ku dhashay mustaqbalka saynisyahan-nin afaf ka barto Julia Dobrovol'skaya. Biography iyada inta lagu guda jiro qaan by qoyska calaamadeeyay u dhaqaaqay caasimada waqooyiga. Aabaheed u baxay inuu ka shaqeeyo qorsheeyaha ah wax soo saarka Leningrad, iyo hooyaday - macallinka Ingiriisi.

dugsi kadib, gabadha in doorashada ee xirfad ahaa raadkoodii hooyada, galaya Kuliyada LIFLI. Macalimiinta Julia si weyn nasiib: saynisyahan caan adduunka Propp V. ardayda Ya aasaas baray ma aha oo kaliya af Jarmal, oo uu sharaxayaa sida luqadda dareen this.

Ilaa iyo dhamaadka naftiisa Abramovna Julia ahaa shukriya Vladimiru Yakovlevichu iyada baray waxyaabaha aasaasiga ah ee farshaxanka - in ay polyglot ah. In mustaqbalka, iyadoo la isticmaalayo alaabta ku helay aqoonta Julia Dobrovol'skaya awoodaan inay ka adkaadaan ku dhowaad dhammaan luqadaha Yurub aasaasiga ah gaar ah ay.

waxbarashada cajiib siiyey kor u rayn: mustaqbalka ahaa xamaasad Komsomol "Daar wayn hawada."

Her qasbay inay la soo wareegto

Waxaan akhriyey iyada Biography kac laga yaabaa in ururka la xadhig Vladimira Vysotskogo: "Snow free of wasakh sida nolol dheer iyada oo aan wax been ah ...".

Waxay arkeen baraf sida xerada hareeraheeda ah. Oo waxyaalahaas ka hor in, iyada waxaa lagu eedeeyay amarka raad khiyaamo qaran (art. 58-1 "a") in haddii kale la toogtay ama 15 sano oo xabsi ah. Julia Dobrovol'skaya, inkastoo uu cadaadis, ka badbaaday oo aan la aqoonsan ay ku soo rogeen by xadgudubka.

Naagtan waxay ma kordhiyo waxa fulinta tallaabooyinka ayaa codsatay in ay ciqaabaya iyada godad qaro weyn-deyran. hal weedh keliya ayaa ka careysan afkeeda: "Waad qiyaasi kartaa oo keliya: Lubyanka, Lefortovo, Butyrka ..."

Ka dib markii ku guuldareystay isku day aan dumiyo, iyadu loo diray hovrinsky xerada. "Xasuusta" ee waayahaas iyada oo nolosha ka hadhay awood u leedahay in caruurta ay sabab u tahay shaqada adag.

doonista naagta 28-sano jir ah ayaa lagu sii daayay cafis hoos 1945.

Dobrovol'skaya ku saabsan adeegayaashan Stalin ee Spain

Waxay noqday xanibayo ka dib markii a "safar" si Spain.

Komsomolskaya Yuliya Dobrovolskaya ka jawaabay baaqa "nin dhar rayid ah," turjubaano loo qorto in ay ka qayb qaataan caawinta Jamhuuriga ah. Laakiin in intii saddex sannadood ah ayay xaqiiqsadeen waxa Stalin soo diray 30,000 oo ku takhasusay military iyo enkavedeshnyh.

"Internationalists" la dhalista a military, u adeegay sidii taliyayaal, ma aha oo kaliya in kooxaha hubaysan ee Jamhuuriga, laakiin sidoo kale taliyayaal si dhaqso ah si ay u abuuraan analoogga ah NKVD ah. Cervantes hooyo diyaariyey si ay u noqdaan partocracy dalka. Of shuuciga deegaanka visitors "Front Dadka" dhigay wax u eg ku commissars Bolshevik.

Kuwa hanti gaar ah ay la wareegeen, daacad kula macaamilooteen by dalka iyaga u gaar ah. Spain Catholic si qasab ah isku dayeen in ay soo jeedin galay cawaan, ilaa afuufeen kiniisadda iyo wadaaddada dilay. Dhacdooyinka horumariyo by article Stalin ee "Halgan fasalka."

Wacyigelinta ee xadgudubka ka hor Spain

Tirada dadka helay booqanaya "saaxiibo" sida fashiistaha wuxuu arkay shuqulkoodii, inay kor u kacaan oo taageero military mutinied. Gaar ahaan, iyo "Spanish Chapaev" (oo horay loogu tababaray Frunze Academy, mid Yulii Abramovny Valentin Gonzalez) garawsannay ku saabsan la mid ah u yimid fashiistaha communists.

Qiimaha malaayiin nafood Jamhuuriga Spain looga adkaaday, iyo "internationalists" eryey. Julia Dobrovol'skaya waddanka ku soo noqonaya, isagoon waxba ahayn oo ku saabsan waxa uu ku arkay iyo khibrad ku yidhi.

Waxay lahaa saaxiibada dadka la drive, ka dibna ku qanacsaneyn Midowga Soofiyeeti ka mid ah. Girl-turjumaan ahaa qof dareemi (cadaynaysay ay image ka sheekaysay "Waayo, Yaad u giranaata Bell" by Ernest Hemingway).

Sida iska cad, ku cadaadiyo Back ee USSR ah gabadha dhalinyarada ah "ka hor, oo kaliya haddii ay dhacdo": cabsida ka in ay qori kara oo ku saabsan dagaalka Spanish ee warbaahinta reer galbeedka, ama sameeyo wax u eg in.

40 sano ka dib, turjumaan noqon doonaa Barcelona, oo waxay noqon doonaan dayuuradda ka qalbi culus, dareen ceeb AMISOM ee dhalinyarada.

caawiyay si ay u noolaadaan

Xusa Julia Abramovna, iyada u hoggaansan ka hoos mariya harqoodka, waxa ugu muhiimsan uu ahaa ma layga muday kelyaha, ma joojin inay wanaagsan ee dadka arkaan. Waxay raaceen sharcigan, logu, xafididda, iyo mahad dadka kuwa fala Wanaag at call ee nafta. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, iyaga ka mid ah, waxa ay si gaar ah ugu mahad celinayaa,

• ninkeedii hore hufan Dobrovolskomu Evgeniyu Aleksandrovichu, nomenklatura, zhenivshemusya in "zechke" iyo allabari mustaqbalkooda ciyaareed,
• Warshadda injineer hovrinskogo-xerada Mikhailov, diyaarin iyada turjubaan;
• cawl-cirro lehba, taliyaha bilayska caato ah, marka aad arin halis gaar ah iyada baasaboor halkii shahaado ee saamaxaaddu.

Bal ii sheeg, kuwaas oo aad saaxiibo yihiin ...

Tani odhaahda Roman qadiimiga ah ayaa istaagay imtixaanka of time. sannado badan oo saaxiibtinimo ku xidhay Yuliyu Dobrovolskuyu leh dad badan istaahila oo cajaa'ib leh,

• maxbuus oo ka mid ah Gulag, a dhaqdhaqaaqa xuquuqda aadanaha, naqdiya suugaanta Lev olole;
• Abwaan, turjumaan, wariye Korney Chukovsky;
• publicist, turjumaan, Abwaan, wariye Iley Erenburgom;
• Kampessino Taliyaha Jamhuuriyadda (Valentinom Gonsalesom) danbe cadaadiyo;
• qoraa carruurta Talyaani ee Gianni Rodari Sheeko;
• rinjiile Renato Guttuso;
• MSU Professor Meerab Mamardashvili;
• Qoraaga Ninoy Berberovoy, xaaskiisa Vladislava Hodasevicha.

nolosha Personal

Julia Dobrovol'skaya ka dib markii la sii daayo luqadaha ajnabiga baray machadka Moscow ka 1946 si ay u 1950. Waxay ahayd mid ku hawlan waxbaridda iyo turjumidda shaqada.

Karti iyo mabda'a ay ahayd raaxo loogu talagalay manipulators propartiynyh. Si aad u ashtakeeyaan ugu dhaqsaha badan helay. Marka Julia Abramovna turjumay article ee content Catholic. Macallin iyo turjumaan si buuxda u soo maray ee "xornimada damiirka in qaabka Soviet."

Waxay la ceyriyay ka shaqo. Cadaadiska waxa uu ahaa sidaas u xoog badan in ninkeedii hore Evgeny Dobrovolsky ka baxday.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Julia Dobrovolskaya maamulo kadib markii xaqiiqda ah in ay caddeyso dacwadeeda oo si aad shaqo u hesho at MGIMO. Waxaa, iyada oo daryeel noqday madaxa waaxda luqadaha Romance Gonionskiy S. A., waxay ahaayeen kuwa guursaday. Xaaskiisa, Semyon Alexandrovich waxay ahayd dhiirigelintii dhab ah iyo taageero. Sababta oo ah cudur Dobrovol'skaya ninkeeda sagaal iyo toban sannadood carmal ah.

shaqo xirfadeed

Sababta ka tagay ka professor USSR noqday ganaax rasmi ah oo ku saabsan warqadda rasiidka ah ee abaalmarinta caalamiga ah.

In 1964 wuxuu shuqulkii u dhammeeyey uu buugga halyeeyga Julia Dobrovol'skaya "Course la taaban karo ee af Talyaani." By habka, ilaa iyo hadda (for qarnigii badh), lacagta tani waa saldhig u ah ardayda-philologists. Waayo, shaqo this, classic la aqoonsan, 1970 Dowladda Talyaaniga abaalmariyey macallinka MGIMO Yuliyu Abramovnu abaalmarinta qaranka ee guulaha duurka ku ah dhaqanka.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, maamulka Soviet uma ay oggolaan iyada aado dibeda Abaal marin. Julia Dobrovol'skaya, turjumaan oo dunida ku baahsan, waxaan dareemay sida nin dhallinyaro ah oo ku xayiran in derbiyadii casemates ah. Waxaa si dhab ah ayaa la filayaa in la dayrta ee hoggaamiyaha taliskii dhiigyacabka ah, oo ay ka imanayaan dhalaalid 60 ah ugu danbeyn noqon lahayd in ay si xor ah u shaqeeyaan, niyadjabay awoodaan. Professor ogaaday in aan ahaa xafiisyada machadka ee, ay cawska - waxaa cadhooday nidaamka.

More dhigi tijaabo on Abramovna Julia a kari waayay. In 1982, gashey guur la muwaadin Talyaani iyo baxo dalka. Tani waxay caawisay iyada saaxiib Milan Emmy Moresco, kuwaas oo ka codsaday raalli ah in saaxiibkiis Ugo Dzhussani.

"Macalinka The nolosha"

Tegaayo in ay Italy ka USSR ah, Dobrovol'skaya Julia weli waa isku mid, "macalinka", waxaa had iyo jeer ku hareereysan badda ardayda su'aalo. Waxay Sheegay baray talinayaa. Waxa uu si carro leh shaqeeyay, inkastoo 65 sano jir.

Waxaa sidaas waxay u noqotay in horyaalka ee Professor Soviet halkan ka dhigan tahay in yar in kastoo Shaqaalaha maxalliga ah iyo kuwa la yaabeen aqoonta macallinka Ruush badan. Julia Abramovna jeclaa in la yidhaahdo wixii ay lahayd mid ka mid ma uu siin. Toddoba sano ka dib, waxayna noqotay professor a iyo Italy. Her sha phD ahayd dhacdo bulshada sayniska ee dalka.

Dobrovol'skaya mar walba dareemayay wakiilka weyn ee dhaqanka - Ruush. Waxay ka qayb-galay daabacaadda buugaagta tarjumay iyada Classics qoyska. Talyaaniga jeclaa "macalinka Ruush": qoraaga Marcello Venturi u sheegay oo ku saabsan in uu novel "Gorky Street, 8, Apartment 106" ka. (Beri baa ah waxa uu ahaa cinwaanka guriga iyada).

Inta badan hore ee iyada ardayda Talyaani ahaayeen ilmada marka, marka la codsado, noo sheegaya saabsan nolosheeda Julia Dobrovol'skaya. turjubaan Biography iyo macallinka wuxuu u ekaa novel biimayn ah: "Waa sidee, aad runtii lahaa adkaysan iyada dhimasho ka dib, asxaabta jaamacad la aqoonsan yahay marka la eego 2016, in shuqulladeedu ay yihiin mudnaan ku filan sayniska koox ?.?!

Waxa kaliya sidaas waxay u noqotay in labada dal, laba dhaqan, laba ilbaxnimooyinka ka muuqda qaddar adag naagtan.

gunaanad

Ka dib burburkii USSR ah, waxa uu si joogta ah guriga nimid anagoo addeecsan siiyo wareysi.

Marka ay dhamaato ee uu noloshiisa u adag yihiin xusuusta epistolary tagay Julia Dobrovol'skaya. Buugaagta wax ku barayay Talyaani-Ruush, ka soo baxay iyada qalinka, kaabaya ururinta ka mid ah taariikh nololeedkooda «Post Scriptum. Halkii qorkiisa. "

Macallimow, turjumaan ka soo adduunka oo runtii yahay iyo hab qarsoodi ah wada hadal u sheegay akhristayaasha ku saabsan dunida, halkaas oo ay ahayd, oo ku saabsan fekerkaaga iyo dareenkaaga ku saabsan saaxiibo.
iyada dhimasho ka dib, kuwa iyada ogaa isku raacay in opinion in, ka dib markii iyada ka tagay ka tagay aragti garaad yaraynta. Waxayna lahayd in la sameeyo oo dhan, oo dhan u sheegay, oo dhan oo qoraal ah.