Jasiiradda Hogland. Jasiiradaha ee Gacanka Finland

Gacanka Finland ee St. Petersburg, inkastoo kursiga dibadda iyo xitaa "qabow" leedahay wax badan oo ka mid ah meelaha la yaab leh, oo leh quruxda dabiiciga ah iyo taariikhda riwaayado ka buuxsamay. Mid ka mid ah alaab - Hogland - jasiiradda ugu weyn ee Gobolka Leningrad ee. Qof kasta oo booqday Hogland ah, hadlo waxaa ka mid ah sida dhul ee sharafta leh oo gaar ah.

Asalkeeda

magaca Swedish jasiiradda Hogland tarjumayaa "dhulka sare." Indeed, waxaa jira buuraha, kaymaha, xeebta ah xad sare oo dhagax ah, taasoo ka dhigeysa ku dhowaad vertical biyaha. muuqaalka oo dhan waa caan Eastern Fennoscandia. Finnishku waxay sidoo kale ugu baaqay Maqal time jasiiradda of Suur-Saari ka, in turjumaad ah - "Great Land."

cabbir

Hogland Island - ugu weyn ee biyaha Ruush oo ka mid ah Gacanka Finland. Waxay ku taalaa 10 kiiloomitir bariga soohdinta Ruush badda la Finland. Waqooyi ilaa koonfur waxaa la soo taagay ilaa 11 km, iyo width waa ka 1.5 ilaa 3 km. Bedka oo dhan ee jasiiradda - 20,65 km ^2.

goobta

piece muuqda Anfaco ee dalka ee ku haboon oo sidaas daraaddeed ah meel istiraatiiji ah oo muhiim ah. On xaq, waxa uu ku yaalaa 180 kiiloomitir ee St. Petersburg, Gacanka Finland la qalcaddayda Kronstadt, a dekedaha Ruush waaweyn (Primorsk, Vysotsk, Vyborg, Ust-Luga). Left - Finland iyo Estonia.

Jasiiradda qaybiyaa galbeedka, dheeraad ah oo qoto dheer iyo cusbada Gulf of Finland, ka qaybta bari - gacmeed a oo cusub. The wadataa juquraafi ahaaneed ee jasiiradda:

• 60ᵒ01 '- 60ᵒ06' s. w.;
• 26ᵒ56 '- 27ᵒ00' in. d.

Magaalada ugu dhow ee Finland ee Kotka waxa uu ku yaalaa 43 km waqooyi bari si ay u. In koonfureed ee xeebta Istooniyaan ee Gulf waa iska saabsan 55 km, iyo jasiiradda of Tyuters Great - koonfur-bari, fogaan ah 18.5 km ka Cape ee koonfurta. Masaafada in xariiq toosan u-Ust Luga - 85 km.

Jasiiradaha ee Gacanka Finland: Hogland

The gargaarka ee jasiiradda si xoogan dissected, Acraafku buuxda u dhaxayn 108 m ee waqooyiga qayb ka mid ah (buuraha Poheyskorkia) si 175,7 m koonfurta (Lounatkorkia buuraha leh). Inta badan waxaa jira qarar dhagax ilaa 10 mitir ama ka badan, height ugu badan (50-70 m) ay gaaraan dalcadaha galbeedka ah oo kuraha iyo Myakiinpyayallyus Haukkavuori.

Dhinacyada soohdimaha bariga iyo galbeedka yihiin durdurradiisa yar iyo jasiirado badan oo yaryar. Shore inta dhagax ah, in talgaley ah - la dhagxaanka dhagax dixeed, iyo kaliya in Suurkyulyanlahti Baay - xeebta bacaadka ah oo nadiif ah. Tani waxay xidhay oo ku haboon maraakiibta Bay waxa uu ku yaalaa on waqooyi-bari ee jasiiradda. Waxaa la ilaaliyo by bar iyo channel leeyahay qoto dheer ah 4.2 m at gacanka, at width galo of bay 90 m. South ku yaal Suurkyulyanlahti jir qabuuraha ee Finland.

Lighthouses

On jasiiradda waxaa jira laba tusaaale. North Hogland tusaaale, oo ku yaalla kur Poheyskorkia dhisay hoos Peter Great ee 1723. Southern Hogland waxaa la aasaasay 1905 by amar of Nicholas II. Tan iyo 2006, shuqullada saldhigga raadraaca fog ee maraakiibta, ka dhisay meel u dhow South nalalka ku. The wadada wasakh kaliya maraa jasiiradda oo dhan iyada oo loo marayo, isku Xidhka laba dhisme.

hawlaha sayniska

Gacanka Finland in saynisyahano waa shaybaar dabiiciga gaar ah, halkaas oo, inkastoo ay hawl aadanaha firfircoon, hannaanka la dhawrayay Qaabkiisu. guutadii dhawrista Complex Biological Research Institute of St. Petersburg State University waxbarasho ee jasiiradaha qaybta Ruush oo ka mid ah Gulf of Finland, oo ay ku jiraan jasiiradda of Hogland, qabtaa sanad walba ka 1991 ilaa 1995 on hindisaha iyo ka qaybgalka tooska ah ee Agaasimaha D. V. Osipova.

Ka dibna waxay la sii 2003-2004 ee qaabka guud ee mashaariicda wadajir ah BiNII iyo Machadka Deegaanka Finnish (TSOSF). Sannadkii 2004 daraasad ka helay taageero dhaqaale Fund Deegaanka ee Gobolka Leningrad ee. sahaminta Geological ee jasiiradda bilaabay sannadkii 2001 iyo sii 2003-2004. Ururi qalabka si ay u sharxaan Dhirta lagu qabtay Machadka Botanical ee Ruush Academy of Sciences ee 1994-1998 iyo 2004-2006. Qoraalkani wuxuu ku ururtay la oggol yahay in la sameeyo botanical ah, map Buslhada iyo dhulka ee gobolka, iyo si ay ula socdaan isbedelka ee dabiiciga ah ee ku saleysan hore heshay xogta.

calanka UNESCO The

Hogland Island waa jiidashada dabiici ah ma aha oo kaliya. In 1826 jasiiradda of astronomer Ruushka-Jarmal, oo agaasime ka ah Observatory V. Ya Struve Pulkovo ah. Aasaasay wax u gaar ah in uu yahay qayb ka mid ah mashruuca hami si ay u xisaabiso cabbirka iyo qaabka dhulka. Waxa loogu yeero "Struve Geodetic Arc", iskala ka xeebta badweynta Arctic si Danube, aqoonsan by UNESCO sida a Heritage Site World.

Sida laga soo xigtay diiwaanka, labada shay - "dhibic Z» iyo «Faqrada Myakipyallyus" (title magaca dhagaxa la mid ah) - waxaa lagu abaabulaa on fog ka qayb dhulka xeebaha. Halkan Victor Ya daawashada xaglo iyo azimuths, haddii xogta ah sumalka uguma qiimo leh. Tan waxay cadeyneysaa sida ay muhiim u yahay Gacanka Finland.

In St. Petersburg waxay martigelisay shir ka go'an in ay alaabta "Struve Arc". On duulaan gaar ah ayaa loo diray in jasiiradda, taas oo lagu qiyaasay gobolka dhabta ah ee shayga UNESCO. Si aad u xusto dhacdo taariikhi jira laba calaamad ah sumalka uguma rakibay. Midkii kowaad wuxuu u - on Myakiinpyayallyus buur. Waa huurada a xusuus la oqoon ah "dhibcood geodetic Myakiinpyayallyus aasaasay 1826. Q. Waxaan Struve. Ka hor inta Ismail 841.657 toise in Gammerfasta 660130 toise. cabirka hore ee arc ka suusho ee Russia ka 1816 si ay u 1855. ".

Suurkyulyanlahti u dhow gacanka, kaynta, at fargeeto ee wadada taasoo keentay in minaarad Waqooyiga, ka taagay tiir kale, waxaa sidoo kale ka go'an in cabbirka of suusho Struve ka V. Ya.. Tani waxay calaamad u ah sumalka uguma "Hogland Z» ayaa lagu rakibay shaqaalaha Observatory Pulkovo ah.

sawir taariikhi ah

Jasiiradaha ee Gacanka Finland nool yihiin dadka waqti ka xusuusan. Ugu horeysay addoonsada Sami. Tani waa caddaynta ku waxyaalaha quduuska ah ka helay on dushooda hills - dhagaxyo, koofiyadaha, Sadie, "meesha allabariga", eg ee goobaha cibaadada oo ka mid ah saamiga of Peninsula Kola ah.

In mustaqbalka taariikh ahaan la saadaalin Hogland qayb ka mid ah Sweden ahaa. Warkii waxa ay sheegayaan in awoowayaasha fog ee Jasiirada waxay ahaayeen burcad badeeda iyo tahriibiyayaasha. Warkii Kuwanu waa loo xannibo, tan iyo jasiiradda waxa uu ku yaalaa meel u dhow waddo ganacsi oo muhiim ah iyo muuqaalka ah dhagax waa marsada la yaab leh, waayo, furitaankiisa, tooasoo doonniyo xagga galbeed gelin Neva iyo Novgorod yimid.

Waayo, Russia jasiiradda noqday 1743 kadib markii la soo gabagabeeyo heshiis nabadeed la Sweden ah. In July 1788 at Hogland ahaa dagaal badda ee u dhexeeya maraakiibta Ruush iyo af Iswiidhish ah, loo yaqaan Battle of Hogland. Waxaa dhamaaday guul of raxan Ruushka, taas oo keentay in Russia xididaysan ay lahaanshaha jasiiradda.

xabaalo maraakiibta

Hogland Island waxa uu ku yaalaa ee Gacanka Finland, qalbigiisa ku aad waxaa ka mid ah, si dhow anciently qabtay wadada badda noole. Tiro badan oo quusta iyo dhagaxyada dusha ahaayeen sababta ku hafteen soo noqnoqda xeebaha Hogland. In xasuusta of saffarro uu si loo ilaaliyo taariikhda dhimashada markabka shiraac Ruush saddex-masted "America", kaas oo ka dhacay habeenkii October ee 1856. Markabkan ayaa waxaa lagu raran abuse iyo birta ah ee dhiman, laakiin mar duufaan xeebaha waqooyi-bari, dhagax ku dhacay oo u dhow North nalalka ku degtay. At qubuuraha u dhow tuulada Suurkyulya arki kartaa laba xabaalaan oo 2 askari iyo 34 badmaax oo ka markabka burbureen lagu aasay "America". Sanadkii 1999, hadhaagii doon kale godan laga helay xubno ka tirsan kooxda Istooniyaan "Ichthyander" Maahelli Bay xeebaha galbeed ee jasiiradda.

dhalashada ee radio

Runtii jasiiradda caan universal keenay tijaabooyinka sayniska A. S. Popova, markii dhamaadkii January 1900 markii ugu horaysay la aasaasay xiriirka ka dhexeeya telegaraafka ee wireless iyo jasiiradda Finnish ah Hogland Kutsalo dhow Kotka. Waxaa xusid mudan in sababta loo imtixaami raadiyaha ayaa sidoo kale burburiyey markab. Markab dagaal "General-Admiral Apraksin", en wadada qaboobaha Kronstadt dekedda Liepaja, November 13, 1899 dhagax biyaha hoostooda ku dhuftay xeebaha koonfur-bari ka.

waxaa saar dhagaxa ka soo hoos bilawga xilliga hawada jiilaalka iyo dhisidda deg deg ah oo baraf xeebaha jasiiradda ma suurto gal ahayd. Waayo, ururka shaqada samatabbixin lahaa in la dhiso isgaarsiinta siman dejinta ee kuugu dhow, taas oo ahayd magaaladii Kotka, iyo dhex - si St. Petersburg. Ka dib markii tiro ka mid ah isku day hoobiyay Camalkoodii in la dhiso xiriirka raadiyaha horeysay January 24 la Lounatkorkia buuraha leh (oo iminka loo yaqaanno Volcano Popov) ugu danbeyn fariin radio ugu horeysay guul ayaa la kala qaado. In xasuusta dhacdada this on goobta of gudbiye rakibay stele ugu horeysay oo taallo in A. S. Popovu.

XX qarnigii

Tan iyo 1917, markii faa'iiday Jamhuuriyadda Finland xornimada, jasiiradda of Hogland baxay inuu Finland. Waxaa jiray laba tuulo oo Finnish - Suurkyulya (tarjumay sida Big Village) iyo Kiiskinkyulya (tuulada Ershov), iyadoo dadka ka mid ah oo ku saabsan a kun oo qof, inta badan ku hawlan kalluumaysiga iyo ugaarsiga shaabadda. Sayidka, sida uu sheegay, jasiiradda of 896 qof oo ku noolaa sida uu sheegay 1929 tirakoobka. aasaaska adag ee guryaha, derbiyada dhagax, bariyeelay berrinka - caddeyn oo ka mid ah nolosha nabad hore ee Jasiirada oo dhan ku hadhay on goobta tuulooyinka hore. Ka dib markii la dhameeyo dagaalka Soviet-Finnish ah marka la eego heshiiskii nabadda (1940) Hogland lagu wareejiyay Midowga Soofiyeeti.

The dhacdooyin aad u waaweyn ka dhacay jasiiradda lagu jiro dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka. Bishii August, 1941 maraakiibta, on board ay ahaayeen qaxooti - carruurta, haweenka, isku dayeen in ay soo baxaan dhiman ee u hareeraysnayd tan Kronstadt, laakiin waxaa lagu halligay diyaarad Jarmal. Badmaax oo askartii ka mid ah maraakiibta hoos Admiral IG Svetova badbaadiyay in ka badan 12 kun oo qof ayaa ku jira biyaha. Under doonista Admiral, oo waxaa lagu aasay 1983 xeebta ee gacanka Suurkyulyanlahti soo socda si qabrigii askari dhacday. On meeshan la dhisay obelisk ah.

Intii lagu guda jiray Gacanka Great Patriotic ee Finland noqday goobta iska hor imaad Soviet-German. Dagaallo culus ayaa la diriray oo u dhexeeya ciidamada Soviet, af Finnish iyo af Jarmal on Hogland. Monument in ciidamada dhacday iskutallaabta ah jir alwaax kaalinta baddii ku Liivalahdenyarvi.

Xaaladda ay ku sugan

In sano ee guudahaan jasiiradda la abuuray qalcad, geeyay difaac radar awood dhawaan kala dhantaashay. Haddaba halkan waxaa jira oo kaliya post a yar xadka iyo shaqaalaha adeegga navigation live u adeegaya lighthouses, iyo sidoo kale shaqaalaha xarunta saadaasha hawada, ka hawlgala jasiiradda tan iyo qarnigii XIX bartamihii.

Hogland qayb maamulka Degmada Kingisepp ah, (Gacanka Finland, Gobolka Leningrad). In gacanka Suurkyulyanlahti horumarinta xarunta dalxiiska. euroclass hotel laba-story dhisay horay uga heleysey dalxiisayaasha. Sayidka, ka jasiiradda van ah ee xadka dhul-badeedka Ruush Hogland waxaa si tartiib ah u jeestay galay dalxiis Mecca ee Eastern Baltic.