Ivan Fyodorov: Biography ee uu noloshiisa, sawiro

The madbacadaha buugga ugu horeysay ee Russia u dhashay magaca Moskovitin. Laakiin Faracoodii noqday kuwa loo yaqaan Ivan Fedorov. Biography Nin cajiib miidhan ka mid ah dhacdooyinka iyo safarka, kuwaas oo waxaa muhiim ah in la muujiyo faahfaahinta ugu muhiimsan. Kuwani abstracts kooban oo nolosha ka mid ah nin weyn noqday aasaas u ah abuurista buugaag ku saabsan mowduuca "Biography Ivan Fedorov caruurta." Biography ninkan uu noqon doonaa mid xiiso leh in qof kasta oo xiiseynaya horumarinta suugaanta Ruush, ugu horayn loogu talagalay akhristayaasha dhallinyarada. Biography Ivan Fedorov ee carruurta waa in tixraac qodobada muhiimka ah ee hawlaha uu associate oo horyaal. Indeed, horumarinta af Ruush waa wax aan macquul aheyn in la qiyaaso oo aan daabacayaa. Oo waxay magicii abuuray ee buugga Ruush - Ivan Fedorov.

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sano nolosha horyaal - 1510-1583. Taariikhda saxda ah ee dhalashada la garanayn Ivan Moskovitina. Magiciisu waa badan tahay ma dhicin on magaca qoyska iyo meesha uu ku dhashay. Isla mar Russ la odhan jiray madax yar, juqraafi ahaan loo qoondeeyey Rzeczpospolita. The dhul baaxad weyn waqooyi ee casriga ah Russia ee qarnigii 16aad waxaa lagu yaqaan in ay dadka ajnabiga Muscovy.

Waxaa la og yahay in da 'yar, Ivan si ballaaran u safray iyo bartay jaamacadaha Yurub. Yurub Literacy dhuftay Ivan Moskvitina - maxaa yeelay, by markii ugu buugga ku daabacan ayaa caan ku ah in ka badan qarni ah ee Europe. heerka waxbarashada waqtiyada ahaa waxa uu arkay guriga Ivan Fedorov kala duwan. Biography ma noqon doono dhamaystiran oo aan sheekooyin ku saabsan wixii aragti uu sameeyey Europe.

Guriga ugu horreevey ee daabacaadda

Biography xiiso Ivana Fedorova ee carruurta waa in la qoran meesha guriga daabacaadda ugu horeeyay, taas oo uu ku yaalay gayiga dalkeenna. The-isweydaarsiga ugu horeysay typographic laga furay Moscow. hawlaha, waxaa si xoogan loola magaca ninkii neefka lahaa, kan qudhiisu yeedhay Ivan Fedorov. Biography kooban oo ka mid ah ninkan muujinaysaa in tani ay tahay wax wanaagsan ma uusan ku bilaaban hal, iyo si wadajir ah ula typographer iyo xaaskiisa, magiciisa la odhan jiray Petr Timofeevich Mstislavtsev. Sida ay amarka Tsar Ivan Xun ka, ee daabacaadda ayaa la soo saaray buugaag diimeed. Mas'ul ka ah Qaranimo ee saxaafadda daabaco loo magacaabay Ivan Fedorov. Biography kooban oo ka mid ah carruurta ayaa tilmaamaya laga yaabaa in printer kowaad wuxuu ahaa Jack ah oo dhan Xirfado - wuxuu jaray a daabacayaa casri ah, iyadoo la isticmaalayo geed pear guddiga, wuxuu la iman ururinta ka mid ah noocyada, wuxuu ku qurxiyey uu buugaagta ugu horeysay.

"Rasuulka The"

Marka koowaad la daabacay buugga ay ugu yeedhay "Rasuulka The." Biography Ivan Fedorov loogu talagalay carruurta is illowsiin kartaa kitaabkan midabo. isku taaga la yaabka leh, noocyada daabacaadda cad iyo sawirada fiican ka dhigi kitaabkan shaqo ka mid ah tahay.

Qaar badan oo ka mid ah koob "Rasuulka" ku jira ee comments of printer ah. Waxay faallooda isu muujiyo sida nin ee aqoonta sare leh, si fiican ugu caadooyinka suugaanta afka Ruushka waqti. Inta badan comments la fudud u saxiixay, "Ivan Fedorov". Biography kooban oo ka mid ah ninkan waa in ay daruuri tahay ayaa tilmaamaya in buugaagta uu daabacay ma aha oo kaliya Emaraadka gooyo. Ujeedada ugu weyn ee qoraaga ahayd si ay u daabacaan buug "ee Raaxo oo ka mid ah dadka Ruush." The "rasuul" horeysay kasbatay ansixinta buuxda ee Kaniisadda, oo la daabacay la wareegga ah ee 2,000 oo nuqul. Waxa uu ka badbaaday wax ka badan 60 rarities.

"Breviary"

Buuga labaad, oo lagu daabacay Moscow workshop typographic ahaa "Breviary." qorayaasha ay sii waday in ay noqon Peter Mstislavets iyo Ivan Fedorov. Biography Ruush buug-printer joogsato dhowr ah uu buugga labaad. Waxaa la og yahay in ay sidoo kale wuxuu ahaa a publications diinta, ayaa qirtay in saxaafada ansixinta buuxda Kiniisada Orthodox Church ee.

isgoyska

Biography Ivan Fedorov ee carruurta waa in aan la ku salaysan dhacdooyin murugo ee uu noloshiisa. Waayo, tiro ka mid ah sababaha ka baxsan ganacsigiisa daabacaadda ee Moscow lahaa inuu ka soo leexdo. Waxaa laga yaabaa sababta ay u tagay halis dhaw ku hayaan oo ay rag cusub Ivana Groznogo - askar ah. printer The ugu horeysay cararay Grand Duchy ee Moscow iyo degeen ee Grand Duchy of Lithuania, magaalada Zabłudów, kaas oo hadda ku yaal soohdinta reer Poland. Waxaa ka nasahan madbacadaha ugu horeysay oo gaaray kuwaas oo meelaha fog fog - Fedorov iyo Mstislavets diiran salaamay barxadda of Aleksandrovicha Hetman Grigoriya ku Hotkevicha. dhaggan Big of Asalraacnimadu iyo taageere ka mid ah madax-bannaanida Duchy of Lithuania, wuxuu ku bixiyey inuu ilaalinta printer ugu horeysay. Soon workshop yar typographic waxaa la aasaasay hoos bacdi, taas oo isku diyaarinaya daabacaadda buugaagta ee Church Slavonic.

"Si aad u baraan injiilka"

Zabludovskii edition kowaad wuxuu ahaa daabacay 1569 "injiilka, baro". Ka dib markii Waddooyinkiisa bixitaanka lagu wareero ama madbacadaha hore - Mstislavets tageen magaaladii of Vilna, iyo dhammaan walwal ku saabsan qaddar ee daabacaadda wareegay Ivan Fedorov. Biography muddada nolosha muujinaysaa in kiiska ayaa la saaray saldhig adag, iyo buugaagta cusub laga helay akhristayaasha ay. Waxaa muhiim ah in la ogaado in waqtiga kitaabkii ma aha sidaas u badan il aqoonta, iyada oo loo adeegsanayo xarumaha magaalada. waxyaabaha lagu daabacay ahaa mid aad u qaali ah, iyo ganacsiga taajirka door bidaan in ay maal kitaabkii, ma daryeelayo oo ku saabsan waxa la qoray iyaga oo ku. Wax kasta oo ay ahayd, "si loo baro injiilka" ayaa muujisay guusha dedaalkan, iyo Ivan Fyodorov bilaabay inuu ka fekero edition cusub ee buugga.

"Psalms"

1570 wuxuu ahaa ugu wanaagsan ee xiliga oo dhan ku nool Zdolbunov. In sanadkan soo baxay in tiro badan oo ah "Psalms" caanka ah, qurxiyey xardho frontispisnoy David Boqorka Israa'iil iyagoo muujinayay. Tani waa mid ka mid ah publications ugu raaxo Fedorova, taas oo uu ka go'an in uu sokoeye - on mid ka mid ah bogagga ASTAANTA of Khotkevych. Nasiib darro, in aannu mar ka badbaaday kaliya afar nuqul ka mid ah buugga - laba ka mid ah waa in Western Europe - mid ka mid ah Russia oo ka mid ah - in Ukraine.

The Union of Lublin saaray Hetman Khotkevych boos adag. Wuxuu ma uu qaadi karin hawlaha muhiimka ah ee daabacaadda, oo waxaa lagu qasbay in ay diidi taageero Fedorov iyo bacdi. printer Book saaxiibtinimo Zabłudów tagay oo u dhaqaaqay magaalada. Sayidka bilaabay muddada uu shaqada ee Lviv.

In 1574, ee ugu horeysay ee Ukraine workshop typographic waxaa la aasaasay bishii Lviv. Oo haddana mar kaliya qoraaga, proofreader iyo editor waa Ivan Fedorov. Biography loogu talagalay carruurta noqon lahayd Hubi in aad ka mid ah si uu buugga-printer abuurka koowaad ku soo laabto - Lviv uu buugga ugu horeysay "Rasuulka The" mar kale bilaabay. In Lviv Fedorov ma aanan haysan lacag Ruuxna, ama meel, sidaa darteed Lviv "rasuul" - taasi waa koowaad ee buugaagta Fedorova, taas oo uu leeyahay ay brand daabacaadda u gaar ah. Halkan, buugga ugu horeysay ee naxwaha waxaa la daabacay Ruush, kaas oo la odhan jiray "ABC".

Jobs in Konstantina Ostrozhskogo

Waqti ka, nasiib ku tagay horyaal ah, iyo in Lviv, wuxuu bilaabay inuu ku eryan u dhac dhaqaale. Wuxuu ayaa lagu qasbay in ay dhimaan hawlaha iyo in la aqbalo martiqaad ee Kambayuutarada ah oo hodan ah iyo saameynta - Prince Konstantina Ostrozhskogo. Prince soo dhaweeyay dadka aqoon iyo mahad ay bulshada, sidaas waxaa ku hareereysan isbahaysiga ka dhaxeeya dadka saynisyahano hogaaminayo Gerasim Smotritskaya. Waxaa shaqeeyay Ostroh Academy, taas oo run ahaantii loo baahan yahay in ay u gaar ah "Drukarnya" - maxaa yeelay, wakhtigaas waxaa loo bixiyey workshop typographic. Halkan Ivan Fedorov ku hawlan diyaarinta daabaco gaar ah Kitaabka Quduuska ah taas oo ahayd in ay hoosiis oo dhan la heli karo waqtiga daabacayaa erayga Ilaah.

In 1580 guriga daabacaadda Ostroh sii daayay Axdiga Cusub la Psalms. Sidaas daraaddeed waxaa ku a "buug-a collection of wax nainuzhnyh", oo ay qoreen Timothy M. Ivan Fedorov. Biography ee carruurta waa in farta ku jira in la sii daayo this. The "buug .." jiray liiska gaaban weedho ka mid ah Axdiga Cusub, iyadoo ay calaamad u yihiin meesha ay ku yaalaan on bogagga Injiillada. design Interesting "buug" - qoraalka bogga cover a qurxiyey iridda weyn, yeedhi akhristaha in la ogaado dunida ka mid ah buugaagta.

Ostrog Bible

Dabcan, daabacaaddii ugu caansan ee Ivan Fedorov in muddo this ahaa Bible Ostroh ah. Tani shaqo cajiib ah waa dhaxalkii dhaqanka dadyowga Slavic oo dhan, iyo muunad tahay daabacaadda. Haddii mid ka mid ahaayeen in la daabaco buugga "Ivan Fedorov. Biography Warbixinta Gaarka ah ee carruurta "- photo Ostrog Bible hagaagsan ayaa waxay Fiidnimadii xalay ay frontispiece. Wadajir shan koob oo ah waxa kitaabkan weyn. Ivan Fedorov hagaajiyo arrimaha maaliyadda, oo magaaladii bay ku noqdeen on top of dunida. Halkan inuu isku dayay inuu dib-u-furo isweydaarsiga typographic, laakiin ku dhintay markuu arkay natiijada dayada ay. Lviv in la furo daabacaadda guri carruurta lahaa fursad ay ku horyaal iyo xertiisii. Fedorov waxaa lagu aasay qabuuraha Onufrievskom dhow macbudka. Wiilka iyo xertiisii waxay horyaal istaahila Ivan Fedorov sii ganacsi, laakiin ma gaarin warkii macallinkiisa.