History of Smolensk. xaqiiqooyinka Interesting ku saabsan Smolensk

History of Smolensk waa oo xiiso ma aha oo kaliya in ay dadka deggan iyo dadka soo booqda magaalada this. Waxaa la calaamadeeyay by dhacdooyin badan oo muhiimad qaran leh. caasimada Diamond of Russia,-muhiimka ah magaalada, magaalada geesi, Fidiyay on 7 hills ... Marka ay dadku ka hadlayaan Smolensk, la hadal oo ku saabsan taariikhda oo dhan Russia, maxaa yeelay waxa ay halkan waa in destinies inta badan u tallaabay oo jidka noo Fatherland.

Inta aanad bilaabin sheeko ku saabsan taariikhda magaalada, ku odhan ereyo yar oo ku saabsan halka ay Smolensk. Waxay ku taalaa in waqooyi-galbeed ka Moscow, 378 km ka fog, in ay qeybaha sare ee Dnieper ah. On dhulkeeda hoy u tahay Man saabsan 330 kun.. On map la calaamadeeyay gobolka Smolensk cas.

Muuqaalka cajiib ah oo magaalada Smolensk

Smolensk waa mid ka mid ah magaalooyinka ugu da'da weyn ee Russia. Isagu waa da'da la mid ah sida Novgorod iyo Kiev ka weyn yahay Moscow. History of Smolensk bilaabay sannaddii 863, marka magaalada la dhisay wadada "ka Vikings si Gariigta ah." Waxa qudhiisa xusuusinayaa macbudka odayga, derbiga daafaca dhoobo ah, iyo munaaraddii qalcadda. taxadiri Kuwani iyo dhismayaasha waxay arkeen bixitaanka iyo horumarinta Smolensk, iyo waxa la dhan Russia. Waxaa gobolka Smolensk guriga waa Gagarin, Asimov, Glinka, Przewalski, Twardowski iyo dad kale oo lagu yaqaan ka baxsan of our state.

xarunta Smolensk aad u qurux badan ayaa maanta. Magaaladu waxay awooday in la isu geeyo ruux of Qarniyadii hore iyo casriga jawi firfircoon dhalaalaya. Waxa uu ku nool yahay maanta nolosha mashquulka ah ee dhalinyarada. Waxaa jira cawayska rayn, jaamacadaha iyo shineemooyinka fara badan. shaah The qalaad, dukaamo raaxo kafeega iyo qataarro buuq badan, god, qoraxdu, beeraha cagaaran iyo geesood har of laxanka magaalada, ay pulsation iyo neefsashada.

Isagoo ka hadlayay of Smolensk iyo gobolka Smolensk, waa mid aan macquul ma ah in la ogaado kaydka dabeecadda iyo beeraha, quruxda dusha muraayad-sida ee harooyinka iyo kaymaha cagaaran. Park Qaranka - Nature caashaqi jiray awoodaan in ay neefsadaan hawada kaynta, si ay u booqdaan geesood Sucuudiga ee dabiiciga ah ee laga heli karo ee Harooyinka ku Smolensk noqon doonaa.

Beddelidda muddo, magaalada tani weli waa ay awoodaan in ay ilaaliyaan jiidashada ah ee gobolka, dhaqanka qadiimiga ah iyo dhaqan u gaar ah. Jawiga siinayaa aqoonsiga Smolensk nolosha dhalinyarada dhowba, garaaceen furaha, iyo caadooyinka qadiimiga ah.

ah ee Smolensk, bogga koowaad ee taariikhda

Magaalada Tani waxaa la aasaasay qeybaha sare ee wabigga ee River Dnieper sida qabiil xarunta-Krivichy Slavs. Taariikhda Smolensk bilaabmaa Xusuuso ugu horeysay waxaa ka mid ah in taariikhda Ustyug, taas oo ka bilaabo sannadda 863 taariikhda. In sheekada ku saabsan sida xulka Askold iyo Dir tagnay degeen magaalada boqorka, ayaa sheegay in magaalada Smolensk waqtiga ahaa "jeedaan dadka aad u weyn." In 882, waxaa jiray qaadashada a of Prince Oleg of this dejinta, taas oo loo gudbiyo in Chronicle ugu horeysay Novgorod. Taariikhda Smolensk by xaqiiqada ah in uu ahaa dhamaadkii qarnigii IX u calaamadsan oo qayb ka ah Kievan rus noqday, laakiin vechem garoomada muddo dheer ka dib. The qoraallada ee Konstantina Bagryanorodnogo (Emperor Byzantine) oo la xiriira bartamihii qarnigii X u, magaaladan waxaa loo yaqaan, oo ay la socdaan qalcaddayda Kiev.

Smolensk ee qarniyo XI-XII

Ka dib markii uu in 1054 Yaroslav Mudry dhintay, halka in ka yar Smolensk wiilashiisii boqor ku ahaa, Vyacheslav ugu horeysay, oo waxay ka daba - Igor.

Waxaan ku mashquulsan yihiin magaalada dhamaadka qarnigii XI noqonayaa magaalo gaar Vladimira Monomaha, taas oo uu ku helay in lagu daro Pereyaslavl South, isagoo duq ah "fiefdom." madax Smolensk gaadhay madaxbannaanida siyaasadeed marka Rostislav Mstislavovich, awow ee Monomakh. Rostislav deyr ku wareejiyey 1134. qalcad ah raggii Smolensk. Waqtigaas, magaalada hore u ahaa mid aad u ballaaran. Waxaa la sameeyay dhismaha dhagax degdeg ah wiilashiisii Rostislav Mstislavovich hoos sii - Roman, la biririf gaaban Knyazhye 1160 by 1180, iyo Daa'uud (ka 1180 by 1197). In Smolensk, by dhammaadkii qarnigii XII waxaa dugsiga naqshadda madax banaan.

On dhibcood dhul wanaagsan oo ay la socdaan River Dnieper ah, waxaan leenahay badan oo magaalooyinka iyo monastic kaniisadaha, raggii iyo amiirradii reer kiniisadda, iyo sidoo kale kaniisadaha Episcopal. Tani abuuray Panorama qurux badan oo ah Smolensk, dhigay on ganacsiga dadka dibada ka, aragti waarta yimid.

nolosha aqooneed ee magaalada

Suugaanta iyo Dhaqanka wakhtigaas gaadhay heer sare ah. Marka macbudyo ee la abuuray workshops, taas oo ay soo guuriyeen buugaagta iyo dugsiyada barayay Latin iyo Greek. Kuwani yahanno weyn ay ka soo jeedeen dalka Smolensk ah, sida Clement Smolyatich, karraanigii iyo falsafo, oo la doortay Metropolitan ee Kiev ee 1147, iyo Avraamiy Rev. ku Smolensky, "hadiyadaha daryeelka dhaqatada" iyo "barashada" taas oo la xusaa saffarro kala duwan oo uu.

Horumarinta ee farsamada gacanta iyo ganacsiga, duulaankii ee Batu

Horumarinta farsamada gacanta iyo ganacsiga. In 1229 waxaan soo gabagabeeyay heshiis la Gotland, Riga oo magaalada waqooyi-German. heshiis Tan waxaa loo yaqaan "runta ganacsiga Smolensk." Ka dib markii askartii ka mid ah Batu ee 1239, Smolensk baxsaday burburinta Mongol ah, inkastoo ay markii dambe lahaa in ay bixiyaan cashuur Horde Golden ah. Reer guuraa ee 1339 isku dayeen in ay mar kale qabsadaan magaalada caasi ah, laakiin arkay qalcad xoog goobta halkaas oo Smolensk u gurteen.

Smolensk oo qayb ka ah Duchy of Lithuania

Tani waxay magaalada ka soo qarnigii XIV ah cadaadis ka Lithuania. Vytautas, Grand Duke of Lithuania, in 1404 khiyaano qabtay Smolensk kadib labo bilood ah. In 1410 Smolensk, isagoo hore u qayb ka mid ah Duchy of Lithuania, ka qayb Battle of Grunwald. culusi ay ka Teutons ka qaadeen in ka badan saddex ka mid ah guutada Smolensk, oo ahaa xarunta ciidanka oo ka mid ah dadyowga Slavic. Wayna la dirireen in la dilo, fikirka, dhab ahaantii, natiijada dagaalka this.

xoraynta Smolensk, horumarinta magaalada ee qarnigii XVI ka

Marka Prince Vasily III ee 1514 Smolensk la sii daayay. Wuxuu qayb ka mid ah Muscovy noqday. Marka Ivan Xun ee bartamihii qarnigii XVI ka, waxaa la dhisay on qalcadda dhoobo ah usheeda cusub geedkii. Posad Dnieper waxku ballaadhiyey, u muuqataa in bangiga bidix ee laba degsiimo oo cusub - oo Churilovskaya Rachevsky. John Kobentsel shisheeye, kuwaas oo in 1575 soo booqday magaalada, iyadoo qiimaha ay Rome marka la barbar dhigo. Ciidamada Polish-Lithuanian, u diiday, ee qalcadda leh, istaraatiiji ah muhiim u ah, si joogta ah isku dayeen in ay dib u magaalada. Go'aanka ah in la xoojiyo van ka mid ah xuduudaha galbeed ee dalka la qaatay dhamaadkii qarnigii XVI ka. In Smolensk, derbi qalcaddayda awood la dhisay 1596-1602 sano.

duulaankii ee Poles

City waxay u taagan tahay in sano 1609-1611 hareereeyo dvadtsatimesyachnuyu ah, oo uu fududeeyey ciidanka of Sigismund III ee, boqorkii reer Poland. Warqad Untitled in ugu baaqay in ay la dagaalamaan Mujaahidiinta, waxaa la sheegay in haddii dawladda Ruush ahaa ugu yaraan dhowr ka mid ah "magaalooyinka krepkostoyatelnyh", cadaawayaashaada lahaa nepovadno dalka Ruush galaan. Majar Smolensk dhacay bishii June 1611. Kaliya 43 sano ka dib, inta lagu guda jiro boqortooyada Alexei Mikhailovich, wuxuu la sii daayey ka polish ah oo uu ugu dambeyntii ay galeen gobolka Ruush.

War Northern Great ee taariikhda magaalada

Smolensk inta lagu guda jiro Northern War Great mar kale waxay ahayd on Jidka ugu guulaysannaa. Si joogta ah Waxaan halkan u imid by Peter aan, haddii ay dhacdo of duulaankii ee dalka Iswiidan ku deyrka lahayd magaalada. Tani boqor ee October 1708 at Hall City si rasmi ah la kulmay ciidamada Ruush, kuwaas oo looga adkaaday at tuulada Forest tegey inay gargaarka ee Saaka iyo XII Charles Swedish hoos amarka General Lewenhaupt.

Xaaladda cusub

Waxaan ku mashquulsan yihiin magaalada ee 1708 helay xaaladda cusub - xaaladda magaalo gobolka. jubbadda hore ee gacmaha Smolensk, taas oo muujinaysa kuwo qori iyo shimbir Jannada ku dul fadhiya la ogolaado in 1780. Qeybta hoose ee cajalad lacagtii maanta ku dhiga ah: "qalcaddayda ammaanay". jaakad Modern Smolensk hoos lagu soo bandhigay. In Smolensk, dhammaadkii qarnigii XVIII ah dadka ku nool 11579 deggan.

isukeenidda taariikhiga ah ee Labadii Col dhow Smolensk

In taariikhda Smolensk qoray bog geesinimada ee 1812. 1aad iyo 2aad ciidanka Ruush Socda soohdimaha galbeedka ka dib markii duulaankii ee Napoleon, biiray Smolensk. Faransiiska ayaa waxaa la kulmay mucaaradka kulul ka Ruush: on darbiyada iyo kala wereegeen weerarka cadowga geesinimo muuqataa ciidamada Ruush. Connect ciidammadii reer Bagration iyo Barclay de Tolly at Smolensk Napoleon carqaladeeyey qorshe si ay u jabiyaan mid ka mid ah. Siyaabo badan, taasi waa waxa lagu go'aamiyaa natiijada ka Battle of Borodino (Taliyaha in madax - Kutuzov).

Battle of Smolensk: faahfaahinta

askari Faransiis in arrinta ma waxa uu ahaa dhalashada gooyo (Aug. 4) geli lahaa magaaladan. Oo halkan August 4-5 ka dhacay Battle of Smolensk. Boqolaal bam iyo nuclei, kun oo rasaas ayaa Daadiyey magaalada. Faransiiska ayaa ku dhowaad addoonsada iridda Molohovskimi. Laakiin caawimaad yimid, waqtiga oo ku soo orday derbiga ka soo baxa, Ruush laaday ka mid ah jidad ee Faransiis ah. Sidoo kale meelo kale geesiyaal Smolensk diriray off weerarka. Waxaan ka qayb qaatay ee Battle of badan dayidiisii, siday oo dhaawac ah ay u muhiimka ah magaalada iyo quudinta askartii. ka cabsi nuclear aan, haweenka keenay baaldiyo of askari oo ka daalin biyo. Muddo dheer sii difaaca Smolensk. Faransiis The mar kale iyo mar kale loola cararay digniin magaalada, laakiin had iyo jeer in ay waxba idiinma tarin. Markaas gooyo Napoleon ku amreen in uu iftiimin bam, oo magaalada ayuu kor ugu baxay mi dabka.

August 6 aroortii ayay Faransiis ah, ma aan cabsi ku Smolensk madhan. In Nikolsky Gate waxaan ka eryay Napoleon. Ciidamada Emperor 4 maalmood ka dib u tageen inay Moscow. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ciidamada dalka Ruushka isku xidhay, oo gurteen. Ciidamada Ruush ah oo ku saabsan beerta Borodino, waxyoonay by joogitaanka icon iridda ka mid ah Hooyo Ilaah iyagoo saf ah ay (u soo xirtay xerada ka hor dagaalka ka), caabiyay weerar oo ka mid ah Faransiiska. Bonaparte markaas fahamsan yahay xoogga ruuxa Ruush.

Return of Napoleon

Napoleon 2 bilood kadib qabashada Smolensk cararay horeba dib la isaga iyo ciidankiisii gaajaysan. Wuxuu u tegey oo lugaynaya si Smolensk on 28 October irdaha Dnepropetrovsk iyada oo aan iid kasta, waddada baraf. Sida ka hor, magaaladuna waxay ahayd madhan. Gaajada iyo qabow, oo waxaa la kulmay haraadiga oo ciidankiisa. Napoleon, ka careysan by this iyo ku amray inay qarxiyaan darbiyada magaalada, dilaa, waayo, isaga, oo ka tegey harsan. In hawada si dheeraysa ugu 9 munaaradaha Smolensk. Laga soo bilaabo hoos intiisa kale gurmad u yimid ilaalada Ruush u suurtagashay in ay soo saarto Feynuuska ah.

Smolensk horrantii qarnigii XX

Smolensk in bilowgii qarnigii XX ahaa magaalada alwaax gobolka. Kaliya 283 ka mid ah 2.698 dhismayaasha dhagaxa. In magaaladan, sida laga soo xigtay tirakoobka ee 1881, waxaa jiray 33,9 kun. Dadka. 40 kaniisadaha iyo Macaabidda Yuhuud dhaqmeen Smolensk. Habeenka October 31, 1917 waxay keentay in taariikhda pre-kacaan magaalada this. Waxaa bilaabay bog cusub - Soviet Smolensk. Waxay ahayd markaa in Bolsheviks maxalliga ah, waxa lagu dhawaaqay dhismaha awoodda Soviet magaalada. burbur soo socda, ka dibna dib u soo celinta dhaqaalaha, cadaadis ka wayn: Stalin wuxu inta lagu guda jiro shaqo ka Nazi.

War The Great Patriotic ee taariikhda magaalada

Smolensk ee June 1941, waxay ahayd in waddada dhabar jab weyn ee ciidammadii Jarmal. Dagaal culus oo magaalada socday laba todobaad. difaaca muddada dheer ee Smolensk keentay in xaqiiqda ah in qabashada hillaac qorshaha caasimadda ayaa la fashiliyey. Halkan ciidamada Jarmalka ayaa markii ugu horeysay intii uu socday dagaalkii labaad ee dunida waxaa lagu qasbay in ay tagaan on daafaca ka.

In 1943, 25 September, waxaa jiray dagaal at Smolensk, iyadoo ay sabab u taasoo meel magaalada ahayd la xoreeyay. Dagaalka ayaa keenay dhibaatada ka baxdo inay dalka. Military Smolensk khasaare culus. Ku dhawaad saldhig cadowga magaalada baabbi'iyey. Liberators of 157 kun oo deggan halkan ku nool dagaalka ka hor, dadka sugayay oo kaliya 13 kun.

"Key City"

Smolensk, dhaxjiraan oo dhan ku dhacay in uu share of gaareen khasaaro, ayaa difaacday eegno gaar ah. derbiyada deyrka lahaa oo macbudyo qadiimiga ah, tiirarka suubban iyo taxadiri sharafta leh - sida guul ah in uu naftiisa, xidhiidh dhow yahay aayaha dalkeena ee. Smolensk, badbaaday dabka dabka, duulaankii cadowga baabba ', helay xuduudaha ilaalada warkiisii ee gobolka Ruush, waxay noqotay mid calaamad u ah waddaniyadda Ruush iyo dadaal. Ma aha wax aan waxba ahayn loo yaqaan magaalada muhiimka ah.

Matxafka taariikhiga ah ee Smolensk

Maanta, taariikhda magaalada ee aad isaga ku bilaabi kartaa in madxafka oo ah. Historical Museum Tani, "St. Petersburg - Ruush Shield" (hoos ku sawiran), "Smolensk in dagaalkii ka Great Patriotic 1941-1945". Mid kasta oo iyaga ka mid ah in ay xiiso gaar ah. Historical Museum ayaa kuu sheegi doona oo ku saabsan ee la soo dhaafay magaalada ka jeer innoo qarnigii XX ah. "St. Petersburg - gaashaan Ruush" waa in Thunder munaarad, taas oo ah qayb ka mid ah derbiga qalcaddayda Smolensk.

By booqday this site, waxaad ka arki kartaa indhahaaga u gaar ah gudaha u gaar ah ku jiray munaaraddii, fuuli jiray jaranjaro ay uga yaacday ilaa iyo cidhiidhi ah gudaha si ay u bogi Cirkana dhismo alwaax, iyo sidoo kale bartaan oo ku saabsan dagaallo ka dhacay halkan qarniyo XVI-XVII ah, iyo dhismaha derbiga qalcadda.

"Smolensk ee WWII" - matxaf oo ku yaalla dhismaha hore ay leedahay School City Dadka, la dhisay sanadkii 1912. Dhismaha dhismahan waxaa ka go'an in ay sanad guurada boqolaadka ee guushii ay ka gaareen Napoleon. May 8, 2015 museum la furay ka dib markii dib u dhiska.

By booqanaya kuwaas matxafyada ee Smolensk, waxaad dareemi doontaa taariikhda magaalada, bartaan wax badan oo cusub oo xiiso leh isaga ku saabsan.