Halkee oo timir ah oo saliid lagu koraa?

Dad badan ayaa la ogaado oo ku saabsan jiritaanka saliid oo timir ah. Maanta waa mid ka mid ah dawooyinka dabiiciga ah ugu isticmaalay oo caadi ah caalamka oo dhan. Maqaalkani waxa uu eegi doonaa qaar ka mid ah su'aalaha ku saabsan this dhirta qalaad cajiib ah, siinta wax soo saarka loo baahan yahay: waxa timireed saliidda, kaas oo ku koraa sidaas.

First of dhan, waxaan doonayaa in la ogaado in sharaxaad ugu horeysay ee geed, eg oo timir saliid, ayaa la sameeyey by magaca uguurtay Alvise da Mosto Cada qarnigii XV ah. saynisyahan Tani samaynaya cilmi-baarista ee West Africa.

In ka badan 50 sano ka hor, oo ah midhaha timirta oilseed wada yimaadeen meel fog la addoommo oo dhan Badweynta Atlaantik, ka dib markii taas saliidda uu noqday sidaas ku baahay dunida oo dhan.

Waxaa jira jasiiradaha Sulaymaan (South-West Pacific), halkaas oo aad ka arki kartaa saf dhamaadka lahayn ee geed oo timir ah, midhaha of kuwaas oo saliid ah oo la soo saaray.

timireed Oil: photos, description

Tani timireed qoyska dhirta iyo mid ka mid ah noocyada of timir saliid.

In foomka duurjoogta ah u kordhaya, waa geed weyn oo sarajooggiisu gaari karaan 20 ilaa 30 mitir, laakiin dhaqan si sii kordhaysa u koraa ka 10 ilaa 15 mitir. jirridda ugu weyn ee timir ah ee 4-6 u muuqataa kaliya on sannaddii kowaad oo nolosha, iyo meel hadh ah (ka yar Cirkana dhismo ah) - oo kaliya in 15-20 sano. Koray geed jir ayaa ballaciisu yahay 25 sentimitir.

Nidaamka xididka geedka timireed waa wax xoog badan, laakiin waxa ay dhacdaa, sida caadiga ah, ma aad u qoto dheer. dhirta Mature leeyihiin saldhig stem leeyihiin badan oo kordhin xididdada ka hooseeyaaba adventitious. Dhirta Qaar ka mid yihiin appendages si qaro weyn oo daboolaya ilaa jirridda si height ah 1 mitir.

The caleemaha geedaha timirta dheer (ilaa 7 mitir), weyn iyo feathery. In dhirta qaangaarka ah ee taajka waa la tirin karo 20-40 gogo '. Laakiin sanad kasta at timirta dhiman iyo 25 caleemaha, cusub ee bedelay. Large brown jirad dabooli caws caleen.

Ka sokow dhan ee kor ku xusan, waxa aad u qurux badan oo sharafta leh oo muuqaalka, tan oo timir ah cajiib ah oo saliid.

miro

Tani waa size a drupe badan ee taariikhda a. midho Oval ee timireed saliidda top dahaarka leh pericarp buunshada ku, iyo gudaha oo ku yaalla saxarka ku jirto saliid. Under saxarka this ayaa daboolay qolof ah si cadaalad ah oo adag walnut, gudaha kuwaas oo - asaasiga ah (ama abuur). dambaysta wuxuu ka kooban yahay inta badan ee endosperm, embriyaha iyo farcankaaga waa yar yahay.

timireed Oil (photo sare ee midhaha) waa tiro badan oo drupes. mass ee mid walba uu yahay 55-100 g waxaa lagu soo ururiyay in inflorescences paniculate ka kooban guud ahaan ka 1300 si ay u 2300 cadadooda.

caan ku saliidaha

saliidda Palm la soo saaray ka soo saxarka midhaha. Its midab kala duwanaan kara huruud madow inay midabo madow cas, oo waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa sida saliid ah iyo habka wax soo saarka ee saabuun.

saliid yaruna Palm ka kernels of midhaha geedo timireed soo saaray. Sida ay hantida iyo Halabuurka la mid tahay qumbaha iyo waxaa badanaa loo isticmaalaa halkii.

In kastoo saliid this leedahay dhibic barafku ka mid ah 27 ilaa 30 degrees Celsius ah, waxaa inta badan u sakhiray in ay hydrogenation, waxaa loo isticmaalaa in shaydi leh saliidaha kale cuntada ama dareeraha ah si gooni gooni ah si aad u hesho baruurta cunto hydrogenated soo saaridda margarine.

Si loo soo saaro hal ton oo saliid ah oo timir ah waa in ay ahaadaan tons afar iyo badh ka mid ah midhaha.

goosashada

timireed Oil, sida kor ku xusan, waxa uu leeyahay tiro badan oo ah miraha. Iyada oo dhammaan ka mid ah shaqaalaha ka leexsan this ku kulansan yihiin beergooyska ilaa 2 metrik (taasi waa 80 ilaa 100 Ruuxa guran) by gacanta bisil maalin kasta. Ogsoonow in rucub gaadho 25 kg ee miisaanka. Oo mid kasta oo iyaga ka mid ah oo ku saabsan laba boqol miraha.

Ururi midhaha waa mid aad u adag iyo waqti, maxaa yeelay, iyagu waxay ku yaaliin height ah dhismaha afar dabaq. Sidee loo waxakan sameeyey? Shaqaalaha lifaaq mindiyo dhagax adag ah in dhamaadka cirif ah kordhiin. Isticmaalka ururiya, kuwaas oo dhanna way dhirta iyo midhaha waxaa loo ururiyaa tuulmooyin on wadada dhinaceeda. Markaas rucubood dhacaan dhirta nidaaminta.

goobta sii kordhaya

In dalalka leh cimilada kulul kordhaya oo timir saliid. Halkee waxaa la koray? Waxaa jira oo timir ah African noocan ah (Elaeis guieneensis). In kastoo hooyo - kulaylaha Africa (Nigeria), waxa uu korayo ee Malaysia, Central America iyo Indonesia.

Waxa kale oo jira meel ay koraan geed oo timir ah (noocyada Elaeis melanococca, Acrocomia iyo Coco Mbocaya) iyo South America ah (gaar ahaan, in Paraguay). Baaqbaaq warshad this soo saarka ee saliidaha warshadaha iyo cuntada.

wax soo saarka

Wild-kordhaya blooms saliid oo timir ah oo keligiis ayaa midhaha bixiya oo kaliya ee sanadka 10-20-aad ee nolosha, iyo warshad gaar ah beero bilaabaa in uu midho sannaddii saddexaad ama afraad dhali ka dib markii la beero.

Wax-soosaarkooda ugu badnaan la gaadho da'da 15-18 sano, oo uu nool yahay tirada guud ee dhirta qalaad celcelis ahaan ka soo 80 ilaa 120 sano.

A yar oo taariikh

Oil midhaha of this dhirta waxtar leh cajiib ah ka jeer horrayn soo saaray. Inta lagu jiro excavations qaddiimiga ah waxaa laga helay garaafo ah xujooyin oo saliid ah oo timir ah (sababo aaska Afrika ka tirsan Millennium III ee E. BC.).

beerista of geedo timireed waa heer warshadeed bilaabay kaliya ee qarnigii labaatanaad. Waqtigaas, saliid midhihiisa ahaayeen xiiso shirkadda, kaas oo soo saaray ku dhaq saabuun iyo margarine.

beerashada oo baaxad weyn oo ka mid ah geedaha bilaabay Indonesia ee 1911, ee Malaysia - 1919. Sidoo kale waxay bilaabeen in ay ballaariso aagga la beerto ee dhirta, kuwaas oo ku sugan dalalka Afrika.

Waqtigan xaadirka ah, oo timir saliid - mid ka mid ah dalagyada ugu horeeysa ee dunida, loo isticmaalo wax soo saarka ee saliidda cuntada. Sida laga soo xigtay tirakoob, in ka badan 9 milyan oo tan ay ahaayeen soo saaray sanadkii 1988, iyo wax soo saarka ee sanadlaha ah ayaa noqonaya mid aad iyo aad u badan.

isticmaalka

Oo barbariyiintii waxay isu caadi ahaan loo isticmaalo in cuntada laga helay drupes subagga Ugu Danbeysay, wakhtigaas, si ay u dhadhamiyaan eg lawska. Ka dibna, ee dhadhanka iyo urta waxaa ka mid ah in la beddelo ma aha mid aad u wacan.

Guud ahaan, oo timir saliid waxaa loo isticmaalaa ilaa xad kala duwan: ka fiiloyin of caleemo yaryar oo ka samaysan yihiin Xadhig, caleemo qallalan ee loo isticmaalo dermaha jare, daahyada, iyaga ka mid ah oo si buulasha saqafka sameeyey. From the afkoda dambiilood oo dhar sameyn, Oo laamihiisa curdanka dhalinyaro ah arrin dhadhan fiican loo isticmaalo cuntada (wax-u kaabash oo timir ah), ka juice khamriga oo timir ah oo la soo saaray.

In England, saliidda waxaa loo isticmaalaa si saliidayn mishiinada iyo qaadashada shumac.

Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, waxay bilaabeen inay soo baxaan geed timireed ee Brazil.

Gebogebadii - oo ku saabsan dhegyadii of codsiga saliidda

Waxa la yaab leh in saliid oo timir ah loo isticmaalo metallurgy (lubricants for daqiijin jireen diidanaa iyo P. m.) Waxaa sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa in warshadaha cuntada.

Its isticmaalo wax soo saarka ee lagu daro, disintegrants, jalaatada ee chips baradho dhagin warshadaha (shiilan).

Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa loo isticmaalaa in soo saaridda ee la isku qurxiyo iyo dawooyinka. Oo tan iyo bilowgii 2000 ka, saliid oo timir ah waa arrin si firfircoon loo isticmaalaa in soo saaridda of biofuels.