Galaas Uranium. Products of galaas uranium dhigay (sawir)

galaas Uranium, faasliin, cawsduur - magacyada waxyaabaha dheeriga ah oo dheeh ah oxides uranium. wax soo saarka shucaaca? Sidee waa in waxyaabaha ku jira nolosha la sameeyo iyadoo la isticmaalayo 92-th element (miiska wareegsan D. I. Mendeleeva), la mid ah sida bamka qaaradda? Waxaa soo baxday in muraayadda waa mid aad khatar u ah? Ama ma aha?

Waa maxay Uranium iyo oxides ay?

farmashiyaha Jarmal Martin Heinrich Klaproth ee 1789 helay "biraha cusub" macdanta madow miino ee miinooyinka Ioahimshtal in Bohemia (casri ah Czech Republic), ku tilmaamay mid uranium. Waxa uu si daacad ah u maleeyay in ay ahayd biraha daahir ah - si aad u hubiso malo this marka la eego casriga ah, isagu ma uu samayn. Waa maxay sababta "uranium"?

In sano oo kaliya sideed ka hor, in 1871, Frederick Uilyam Gershel (astronomer Jarmal kii shaqeeyay England) helay meeraha cusub ee Nidaamka Solar - toddobaad ah. Iyadu waa shan iyo toban jeer ka weyn yahay baaxada dhulka. Herschel waxaa la odhan jiray Uranus ka dib markii xaaska Greek mythological Qaadirka ah Gaia (Earth).

Kaliya konton sano ka dib, in 1841, farmashiyaha Faransiis Ezhen Peligo cadeeyay in "cusub, siddeed iyo tobnaad ee biraha isku xigta" keentay Klaproth, xabagta this (ee ka kooban - oxygen). Peligot helay birta saafiga ah, laakiin in sheekada helitaanka uranium ma wuxuu galay, iyo Klaproth.

Weli ku dhawaad qarni badh ilaa 1896 uranium lama sheegtay in industry ee, iyo kaliya ka dib markii helitaanka guryaha shucaaca ee element in ay halkaas ahaa korsaar ah saynisyahano. Laakiin ilaa 1939, markii ay la daabacay natiijada tijaabo on fission nuclear, ore uranium ay miino oo kaliya radium shucaaca.

faahfaahinta taariikhiga ah

Isticmaalka xabagta uranium dabiiciga ah Europe ee iska leh qarnigii koowaad BC ah: firdhadka pottery daboolay glaze huruud ah, laga helay inta lagu jiro excavations ah lana kulmay.

Inta lagu guda jiro shuqullada qaddiimiga ah ee Italy ee Cape Posilippo (Bay ee Naples) gogo 'mosaic jaalaha laga helay 1912. muraayada in qaab-dhismeedka jira boqolkiiba hal xabagta uranium ah. Daahfurka taariikhda dib ugu sano AD ah 79

Waayo, wax soo saarka ee dhaldhalaalka iyo galaas Muuse mudadaas ee Europe ayaa lagu keeno ore ka Africa.

Sida laga soo xigtay ilo ku qoran extant ka glassmakers sayidkiisa degaanka Shiinaha ayaa tijaabiyay ee 16-17 qarniyo dheeriga ah ee senti uranium in la siiyo hooska midabka galaas. Products of galaas uranium muddada this dhigay aan la helay.

oxides biraha dabiiciga ah, kuwaas oo inta badan la socda fiirsato of ore lacag ah ee Europe, ayaa la arkay glassblowers - si isku day beddeli midabka ah ee muraayadda iyaga qaatay waqti dheer ka hor.

galaas Uranium: bilowgii israac wayn waddammada

Miinooyinka oo lacag ah Habsburg, oo ku yaalla Bohemia, badatay in senti uranium dabiiciga ah _­ - pitchblende (uraninite). Iyo, dabcan, glaziers odaygii ayaa mar walba rabay in ay isticmaalaan dheeh dabiiciga ah si aad u hesho wax soo saarka midabka. Jiilkii saddexaad ee guri ammaan caanka ah fanaaniinta Riedel, Franz Xaver Anton, horrantii qarnigii sagaal iyo tobnaad, tijaabiyay buuxinta midabka alaabta galaas. Successful ahaa Intaa waxaa dheer in ay Dufcaddii ee oxides uranium cado ka huruud ilaa iyo cagaar qoto dheer, iyo galaas uranium helay hoos u rays ee kor iyo dejinta qorraxda nuurka meelo godgodan, oo wuxuu isaga siiyey nooc ka mid ah wax qarsoon sixir.

Tan iyo 1830, bedelka saldanadii Yozef Ridel (Franz ee adeer, kuwaas oo gabadhiisa guursaday), ka dib markii barashada data-in-sharciga tijaabo ah, ayaa sameeyay wax soo saarka ah teknoolojiyad sare ee jaalaha ah (midabyo kala duwan), oo doog ah (si madow) iyo guduud galaas uranium. Ka hor 1848 (sanadkii dhimashada Yozefa Ridelya) saarka - dheryaha, muraayadaha, iyo koobabkeeda, puzyrechki, pugovok, kuul - oo kaliya kor u kacay.

Isla mar ahaantaana, ee sayid British soo bandhigay hadiyad ahaan uu Boqorad Victoria laambadda laba midab of galaas uranium in diiwaan podttverzhdeno. Dhab ahaantii Tani waxay siinaysaa sabab ay ku aaminaan in ma aha oo kaliya in Czech Republic, laakiin sidoo kale in England, shaqaysay sayidkiisa miidhan ah waxyaabaha cusub galaas si tartib ah.

Waxyaabaha muraayad uranium, wax soo saarka mass

Kordhinta Muga-soo-saarka guud ahaan Yurub (France, Holland, Belgium, England) ka dhigay hal galaas oo caan ah iyo moodada. mid ka mid kaliya ee dhirta Czech Republic Ioahimshtal in Bohemia ilaa 1898 soo saaray in ka badan 1,600 oo tan oo alaabooyin kala duwan ah galaaska uranium.

Tan iyo 1830, dhirta Gusev ee Russia ayaa sidoo kale bilaabay in ay soo saaraan waxyaabaha la midka ah.

galaas uranium Yellow iyo cagaar ahaa mid aan qaali ahayn. Loo isticmaalo barium sii daayo iyo boorish calcium dheeriga ah ee potassium iyo boron, kaas oo ay awoodi karaan Nuur a awood badan.

Ilaa 1896 (daahfurka ee shucaaca AA Becquerel) ka saaridda iyo isticmaalka ore uranium xadka lahayn, waxaa jiray oo kaliya awoodda ah in radium iyaga ka jaraan.

Features

galaas Uranium in nuugista ee UV wareejinta shucaaca tamarta gobolka a kala duwan ee qaybaha kala shucaaca - cagaaran. Waxaa intaa dheer, shucaaca sare this way kala firidhsan yihiin, oo aan sii wado ku jirase aad dhacdada. Hantidaan waxaa loogu yeeraa fluorescence. Habkaani ma laha oo dhan alaabta rinji jaalaha ah iyo cagaar ah, laakiin kaliya hal galaas uranium. maadooyinka Photo hoos shucaaca UV iyo daliil siidaayay oo ka mid ah waxyaabaha qiimaha ururinta.

xaafadda A halis ah?

galaas Uranium leh Heer sare ah ee fluorescence waa ku jira ka soo 0.3 ilaa 6% xabagta uranium. Kordhinta fiirsashada of yaraynta luminescence iyo sidoo kale waxa ku jira hogaanka mas'uul ah, laakiin waxay kordhisaa shucaaca ah (radiation).

glassmakers Master, sida qof kasta oo kale ilaa 1939, ma aan ogayn oo ku saabsan sumoobo ee uranium iyo halista ay shucaaca. Si toos ah taabashada senti dheer la joogo lagu kaydsho meelo khatar ah keentay in cudurro aan la aqoon soo noqnoqda, ay inta badan ku dhamaadeen dhimasho of sayidkii.

Laakiin ka products galaas uranium qaybiyey aduunka oo dhan, oo ninna ma dareemay kasta oo raaxo la'aan ama xanuunsan, isagoo intii iyaga ku xigtayna. Waa maxay sababta?

Heerka shucaaca of articles of galaas uranium sameeyey waa yar yahay - laga bilaabo 20 ilaa 1500 Mr / hr, xadka la ogolyahay ee asalka ah - 30 MR / hr. Taas macnaheedu waa in, haddii tiro ka mid ah waxyaabaha galaas uranium, aad leedahay si ay iyaga ag istaagayaa si joogto ah muddo ka badan toban sano si aad u hesho bukaanka shucaaca.

Joojinta of saarka galaas uranium

Ka hor dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka, uranium ma aha physicists xiiso. Kaliya ee 1939, markii model la horumariyo dareen-celin silsilad, sii daayo tiro aadka u badan ee tamarta, ku salaysan uranium bilaabay si ay u horumariyaan model ah oo bam nuclear. Ka dibna waxaan u baahan nahay si ay u horumariyaan kayd ah ore uranium.

wax soo saarka galaas uranium aan la joojiyay ku dhowaad 50 sano oo qarnigii labaatanaad.

All yuraaniyamka caalamka oo dhan ayaa ka diiwaan gashan, iyo in England ee galaas faasliin saarayaasha ' "ayaa lagu qabtay ma aha oo kaliya, laakiin alaabta ceeriin soo saarka sidoo kale ku dhameysatay.

Si aad u taariikhda, galaas uranium la soo saaray tiro yar oo dalka Mareykanka ah iyo Czech Republic. Sida formaldehyde isticmaalo uranium dhammaaday, taasoo keentay in kobcinta ee uranium, waayo, shidaalka nuclear. Maacuunta ee galaas uranium, iyo sidoo kale waxyaabaha kale ee lagu sameeyo, waxaa sidaas waa qaali u, halka aan weli ku caan ah.

Sidee si loo ogaado galaas uranium ah?

Haddii si taxadar leh u eegaan kaydka oo ka mid ah jirka (jeer Soviet) suxuunta in sideboards ayeeyday ee, ee dalka, sofiitada, waxaad ka heli kartaa baaquli hufan huruud ah ama cagaar ah, kuwaas oo u badan tahay in laga shido doonaa qorraxda hore. Artifacts noqon karaa welina jaale ama cagaar cusbo, haashteriga, dheryaha, muraayadaha indhaha, badhamada, kuul, xataa jir ah albaabka eelenye (window) riixo.

At tagfi suuqyada oo dhan ee kor ku xusan. Gorgortan, aad noqon kartaa milkiilaha rarities delicious.

Hubi in ay tahay waxyaabaha galaas uranium, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah la laambad UV iyo counter Geiger ah. Just sidaa sameeyaan ururinayay lacagta dhabta ah.

qadiimiga uranium

Sababo la xaqiiqada ah in galaas uranium ayaa la soo saaray ee u tiro badan, dadka ku hadhay tiro badan oo gogo 'oo huruud iyo cagaar. Xaaladaha qaarkood waxaa ka mid ah xiiso taariikhiga ah, mararka qaarkood - qaraami ah, collectible.

Dheryaha muraayad uranium ku xidhan saarney ee dalal badan oo ah, ka dhigay in Hababka kala duwan, ka Biedermeier (qarnigii sagaal iyo tobnaad) ku sameeyey Deco Art ah (labaatanaad).

Waayo, kuwa aruuriya oo xiiso leh sidoo kale figurines xoolaha iyo shimbiraha ka galaas uranium ah, dhalooyin iyo koobabka, weelka - taarikada, tooyska, tooyska, koobabka, oo dhigaya khamri.

waxyaabaha Uranium ee Maraykanka

Wadamada Ingiriiska ku hadla, galaas uranium qarnigii labaatanaad yimid in loogu yeedho "la shito dareere ah" sababta oo ah isku mid midabka si ay u marisay eponymous caadi ah. Glass, marka laga reebo, dacawo cad, huruud iyo cagaar - damaashaad ah (wax la midabka), Depression galaas (oo dhan wax soo saarka, iyadoo aan loo eegin qaab, sii daayay ee Maraykanka inta lagu guda jiro Depression Great), aloosnayd (Doolaal midab jaalle midab), Jade (cirro Doolaal cagaaran), Burma (Doolaal la hooska pink cirro huruud).

Halkee kale oo loo isticmaalo supplements ka ore uranium?

Na ₂ U ₂ O ₇ - sodium uranate - Ranjiilayaasha loo isticmaalaa sida Midabka jaale. Waayo, rinjiyaynta galaas oo dhoobada (enamels glaze) ee midabada madow, brown, cagaar iyo huruud ah ayaa la isticmaalay oxides uranium oo ahaa darajadii kala duwan ee lagu qayilo. amooniyam Uranyl waxaa loo isticmaalay in horrantii qarnigii labaatanaad ee photos - si kor loogu qaado diidmo iyo midabayntu, wanaagsan dyeing brown.