Function Cell ee xarunta unugga

The unugyada noolaha oo dhan waxay leeyihiin qaab la mid ah. Dhamaan iyaga ka mid ah ka kooban yihiin xuub plasma ee baqshadda waxaa (glycocalyx in xoolaha ama derbiga cell: Fungi - of chitin ee dhirta - cellulose) ku wareegsan, cytoplasm (taas oo ku yaalaan organelles, mid kasta oo ka mid ah oo u qabata hawlihiisa, xarunta cell, tus ka qayb-qaybinta) iyo xuduntii, kaas oo ilaaliya DNA (marka laga reebo prokaryotes).

organelles cell

Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ribosomes, lysosomes, mitochondria, qalab Golgi, reticulum endoplasmic iyo xarun gacanta. In dhirta unugyada sidoo kale ku jira organelles gaar ah oo ah kuwo gaar ah iyaga - vacuole ah. Waxay ku ururto rabin walxaha plastids (chromoplasts, leucoplasts, chloroplasts, in dambaysta ah dhacdaa habka photosynthetic). Shaqooyinka xarunta unug, mitochondria, ribosomes, iyo dhismayaasha kale waa mid aad u muhiim ah. Mitochondria kaalin ee saldhigyada korontada gaar ah, waxaa jira geeddi-socodka ah, taas oo Neefta intracellular. Ribosomes ayaa masuul ka ah wax soo saarka ee borotiinada by iyaga synthesizing ka acids amino shaqsi ay joogaan ka mid ah mRNA, taas oo diiwaan macluumaad ku saabsan walxaha loo baahan yahay unugyada. hawlaha Lysosomal waa in cholesterol ee kiimiko ah oo isticmaalaya ensaymes, oo ku dhex organelle ah. qalab Golgi ururiya iyo xajisto walxaha qaar. reticulum Endoplasmic sidoo kale ku lug-shiid.

Gacanta Center - dhismeedka iyo shaqada

organelle Tan waxaa lagu magacaabaa centrosome ah. Shaqooyinka xarunta gacanta ku adag tahay in ay qiimayn dheeraad - aan organelle tani waxay noqon lahayd wax aan macquul aheyn in qeybinta unug. Waxay ka kooban tahay laba qaybood. In xarunta cell tani la mid tahay ribosome ah, qaab-dhismeedka kaas oo sidoo kale ka mid ah laba qaybood. centrosome Part yeedhay centrioles, mid kasta oo iyaga ka mid ah u eg dhululubo godkii la aasaasay of microtubules. Waxay waxaa lagu abaabulaa dadab iyo in ay midba midka kale. Shaqooyinka xarunta gacanta ku formation dunmiiqa centrioles inta lagu guda jiro maytosis ama meiosis.

Sida qaybsanaanteena gacanta?

Waxa jira laba siyaabood oo muhiim ah - meiosis iyo maytosis. hawlaha xarunta cell yihiin muujiyey in labada geeddi socodka. Oo kiisaska koowaad iyo labaad, kala qeybinta meel dhowr marxaladood. Qoondee marxaladaha soo socda: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase. Meiosis inta badan marta laba qeybinta unug oo isku xigta, markii u dhaxeeya waxaa la yiraahdaa interphase. Sidaas awgeed, habka unugyada la koromosoomyada diploid (double) waxaa la aasaasay la badan haploid (hal). Tirada koromosoomyada inta lagu guda jiro maytosis aan la dhimay - sidoo kale unugyada gabadhii hantidaan diploid ah. Waxa kale oo jira waa hab loogu talagalay qaybinaya sida amitosis. Xaaladdan oo kale, xudunta u ah, ka dibna cytoplasm oo dhan kaliya kala qaybsamo laba. noocan ma aha sida caadiga ah sida labada ugu horreeya, waxa ka mid fudud u dhacdaa inta badan. xarunta Cell in habka tani ma aha lug.

Ka qayb-qaybinta ee xarunta unugga

hab Prophase diyaarinaya habka maytosis ama meiosis, xuub nuclear oo dhererkeedu dumin. Inta lagu guda jiro metaphase xarunta cell waa ineysan laba centrioles oo kala duwan. Waxay, ee jeedo, kala diraan si ay ulaha soo horjeeda ee gacanta. Marka marxaladdan, koromosoomyada ka saf weheliyaan dhulbaraha. Kolkaasay waxay ku dhafnaa dunmiiqa lifaaqan centrioles si chromatids kala duwan ee koromosoom kasta ayaa ku lifaaqan centrioles soo horjeeda. Inta koromosoom kasta metaphase jajabiyaa galay chromatids gaar ah in centrioles xadhig in ay ulaha soo horjeeda soo jiitaan. Inta lagu guda jiro qolof telophase nuclear la aasaasay, cytoplasm u kala qaybinaya iyo ugu dambayntii la aasaasay unugyada gabadhiisa.