Founder of sawireed military Robert Capa: Biography A, hal-abuurka iyo xiiso leh xaqiiqooyinka

Waayo, 40 sano ee uu sii daayay dad badan oo sameeyey. Waxaan u safray oo dhan caalamka, wuxuu ahaa saaxiibada la qorayaasha ugu caansan iyo waxgaradka uu waqti, sida Hemingway iyo Steinbeck, booqday shan dagaallo, wuxuu ahaa progenitor ee ku sifayn oo dhan - sawireed military. Marka ay tani loo yaqaan isku badbadalo, cabbin iyo Vadinho, ka badbaadday burburkii ka mid ah dagaal iyo naag jecel yahay saaxiibkiis, ku dhowaad guursaday naag ugu quruxda badan adduunka - xiddiga filim - oo ku dhintay on dhimashada dagaalka askari caadiga ah ee. Marka la eego in Robert Capa ee waqti dheer ma jirin qof, laakiin waxaa sidoo kale loogu talagalay been ah, waxaa suurtagal ah in ay qaataan Biography ah screenplay ee filimka sida, mid istaahila oo ka mid ah "Oscar".

Waxaa la sugaya mustaqbal weyn!

Marka in 1913 milkiilayaasha qoyska ee studio fashion ee xarunta of Budapest, Dezso iyo Dzhulii Fridman ah, wiil ku dhashay, waxay ahaayeen hubi - waxa uu noqon doonaa qof aan caadi ahayn, kaas oo noqon doona guusha nolosha. Mid ka mid ah Aayaadka, waxay arkeen calaamad yar oo kor ku xusan - sebiga ah ku jiray gacanta farta dheeraad ah, kuwaas oo hir saaro oo aan wax cawaaqib ah ee caafimaadka iyo muuqaalka wiilka. Wiilka lagu magacaabo Andre Erno, laakiin muddo ka dib ayuu helay naaneesta ah, sida dambiyada ah, iyo naaneesta noqday in muddo ah oo magiciisa - Bundy. Waxaa cad, wiil Yuhuudda ka qoys wanaagsan is khilaafeen camal dulmiga badan, maanka ku noole iyo xuso waayo nolol xasilloon.

Yimid 30-ka. Hungary ahaa mid ka mid ah dalalka ay fashiistaha in ay awood u yimid, iyo burcadda isla markiiba helay ku lug leh dhaq-soo horjeedo taliskii of Horthy. Ka dib markii la qabtay iyo dhibaatayn booliiska uu ka tago Hungary, iyo in 1931 uu galay Jaamacadda Berlin ee Kuliyadda ee Journalism. Laakiin lacagta sii waxbarashada lagama helin, iyo burcadda u soo baxeen inay ka shaqeeyaan hay'adda photo Foto Die. Energy iyo sociability ninkii dhallinyarada ahaa ma ay tegin lama dareemo, iyo ugu dhakhsaha badan uu bilaabay inuu ku amraya sahan dhacdooyinka siyaasadeed oo muhiim ah, kaas oo waqti u baahnaydeen degdeg ah Europe oo dhan.

Guusha ugu horeysay

Isagoo ka hadlayay in December 1932 ee Kobanheegan, Leon Trotsky, musaafuriyay by Stalin dalka ka cabsada dil, ka mamnuuc sawir kasta. Laakiin sawir dhallinyarada André Friedmann u suurtagashay in ay sawirada qaar ka mid ah, kaas oo la daabacay publications badan hoggaamineed oo Yurub ah. Waxa ay ahayd guul ugu horeysay ee dhabta ah bilaabmaa wariye sawirqaade ah. Waxa uu bilaabaa inuu la goostay ay la socotaa mabaadi'da aasaasiga ah ee ay xirfad, oo madax ka ah oo uu markii danbe ku dhawaaqi doonaan, sida Robert Capa: "! Haddii sawirada aysan aad u wanaagsan - waxay ka dhigan tahay in aad aan la xirto ku filan"

Wuxuu ku jiray 1933 qalbiga tallaabada ee xarunta of kuleyliyaha, taas oo tacaamulo dunida ee musiibadii mustaqbalka ugu weyn ee dagaalka, si ay awood Germany naasiga u yimid. wariye sawirqaade ah oo Yuhuudi ah oo la views bidix ee Berlin noqday nolosha halis, oo wuxuu u dhaqaaqay France ee Paris. Waxaa, in 1935, sida ay markaas ahaa ayuu ku kaftamay, "at da'da 22 dhasho" aasaasaha mustaqbalka ee wariye sawirqaade ah ciidamada Robert Capa. "Aabbe" la oran karo waa André Friedmann, laakiin waxa uu ahaa, sida la filayo, ee "hooyo".

Gerda Taro

Kulan fursad saafi ah. Marka Andre casuumay sida model hal gabar qurux badan, sida uu ka naasiga carareen, mid ka mid ah isagoo aroosadda oo ogaa sumcadda sawir qurux badan, iyada qaatay saaxiib. Waxay jiray nin Yuhuud ah Jarmal xidid Polish, magaceeduna wuxuu ahaa Gerda Anna Pogorilaya. Centerfolds sharaf lama burburay, laakiin Gerda ku qardhaasaha ee Don Juan aan karin. Waxaa soo baxay in ay ahaayeen asxaabta, iyo Gerda, sida Andre, waxa uu isku dayayaa si ay u sameeyaan sawireed nool. Career Andre hortago aqoon saboolka ah ee French iyo joogitaanka ee Paris ee wariye sawirqaade kale oo qoyska Friedman. Wax yar ka wada ay soo koraya shirqool marketing dhimatay.

Nuxurka ay been ahayd, sida ay noqon waa, fudud oo xariif ah. sawir Yuhuudda halkii la fahmo, oo aan doonayaa in aan la lahayn edition adag ka qabtaan si ay ugu muuqdaan sawir qaade caan ah oo soo jiidasho badan ka fog America, halkaas oo uu sawir wareegtay ee wargeysyada ugu saameynta badan iyo majaladaha, oo ay u shaqayso by wakiilka gaar ah ee isku dhafan - aad sawir qaade, gabar yar bidix. Soon-saxaafadeed Paris waxay bilaabeen inay u muuqdaan la yaab leh la mariyo oo ba'an, inta badan wararka photo fadeexad, saxiixeen magaca midabo ee Robert Capa (Robert Capa). Wadahadalada la tifatirayaasha keentay inuu tababare - Gerda Taro, sidoo kale mararka qaarkood soo diri shaqadooda. Dadka dhallinyarada ah helay hay'adda photo, ayaa ku guuleystay warkiisii weyn, halkaas oo American ah awaalka ahaa co-Milkiilaha iyo Tarot - uu xoghayaha iyo maamulaha.

Dagaalka Spain

Hoax lagu soo dajiyey, markii ay u soo guurtay New York iyo isku dayeen in ay siin milkiilaha hay'adda uu photo France caanka ah. Laakiin waxa uu ahaa dhab ahaan caan ku, iyo tan iyo Robert Capa jidh iyo dhiig ka dhigay oo u muuqataa arrin cajiib ah. Nalalka oo bilowday dagaalkii sokeeye ee dalka Spain , Robert iyo Gerda baxay sidii a sawir fiican u yaqaan, magacyada uma baahna advertising iyo hoaxes. Waxa intaa dheer in xiisaha xirfadeed oo duurka ku bilaabaan inay la diriraan fashiistaha, oo waxay u yeedhay arrin qaar naxariis tagay, fikrado hantiwadaagga in kala duwanaayeen inta badan fikirka dadka adduunka oo dhan.

Dagaalka ugu horeeyay, taas oo xiddigaha Robert Capa, ahaa waayo-aragnimo ugu horeysay, ayuu inta lagu guda jiro kuwaas oo ku dhaqma hababka sawir qaadida, documentary uu leeyahay sax ma aha oo kaliya, laakiin sidoo kale dareen sare iyo saamayn xoog leh ku dhagaystayaasha. images uu had iyo jeer u saftay aragti shakhsi dobada in waxa dhacaya - u naxariis iyo ixtiraam hal qof, quudhsasho iyo Xaq diidnimo dadka kale. geesinimada Personal iyo tamarta ogolaanaya Cape si sawirro loo qaado, uraya of Baaruud iyo qarxeen qolofka dhawaaqaysa, iyo nasiib wacan iyo Hawadooda farshaxanka - si aan iyaga uga dhigo waraaqaha taariikhda xusuus iyo cajiib ah.

The image ugu caansan

September 5, 1936 Capa ahaa ee boholo Jamhuuriga ee aagga of kala duwan oo buurta ee Sierra Morena ah. Jawiga dagaalyahanada ka soo horjeeda Frankists ahaa muhiim ahayn. Daacadda, taageerayaasha ie Jamhuuriyadda, ilaaliyo awoodda sharciga ah ee Guud Franco mucaaradka, uu ogaa in ay soo horjeeda ahaa mashiinada cusub Jarmal, ogolaanayaa rasaas leh oo aan horay loo arag.

Later Capa xusuusannaa in markii taliyaha kooxda daacad ah ay weerar daba socday, oo rag ahaa ayaa bilaabay inay fuulaan ka soo dhuunto, maqleen rasaas cod weyn. Sawir ogaaday inuu "Leica" in ka badan ka qoday iyo ku dhexwareeri jiido keebka. Marka negative, hay'adda baxay Capa soo diray, waxaa la muujiyay in publications badan daabacay sawir, magacaabay ka dib markii sawirkiisa ugu caansan dunida oo dhan, ka dhigay inta lagu guda jiro dagaalka. Waxaa jiray markhaatiyadiisa kala duwan iyo cilmi baarista, in ay ka hadlaan nooca martigeliso ee sawirka, sinada ee dhaqangalka, qabtey by Capa. Muranka ha joojin ilaa hadda, laakiin nuxurka sawirka sameeyey sawir Robert Capa, ma beddeli: daqiiqad ordinariness dhimashada, qolkii shaabadeeyey, waxay muujinaysaa ugu xumaa - dagaalka aan dabiici ahayn - anti-insaanka.

khasaare

In xagaagii 1937 khaanadda Socda ee Jamhuuriga, oo u dhow xaafadda Madrid ee Brunete, gaari taangi ah oo lama filaan ah jajabiyey ku dhaawacmeen. Waxa uu ahaa saaxiib iyo associate ee Capa - Gerda Taro. Maalinta ku xigta - July 26 - waxay ka dhaawacyo uu u dhintay. Loss of saameyn weyn ku Robert. saaxiibbadiis xusuusannaa in uu si dhab ah ma u awoodin inuu ka soo kabsado ka ilaa dhammaadka. Haddaba isagu wuxuu lahaa inuu ka shaqeeyo hay'adda isku mid ah, dhalmada ka mid ah qorshaha wadajirka ah, laakiin ugu muhiimsan - lumay saaxiibtiis jeclahay, oo, sida laga soo xigtay ilo qaar ka mid ah, waxaa la socday si aad u hesho farxad guur.

On dagaal ee soo socda waa inuu keligiis meel u dhaco. Photos qaaday Capa ee Shiinaha, bandhigay reer Yurub iyo Mareykanka ma aha keliya qalaad in gobollo badan oo dhulka, laakiin sidoo kale ku Baasaysanay laga cabsado in ololka dagaalkii labaad ee dunida markii duulaanka ciidanka Japanese bilaabay 1938 ka qarxay xoog cusboonaaday, oo ay ku hadhaan ka-dhanka non mid ka guulaysan doonaan.

World

peculiarity sharciga American dhalashada ee 1940 keentay in xaalad wada socda la wariye sawirqaade ah ay horey u caan ah. Capa si rasmi ah ay weli tahay muwaadin u dhashay Hungary - xulafo la ah Nazi Germany iyo isbahaysiga anti-Hitler cadowga. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waa inta lagu guda jiro, dagaalku wuxuu ka ah shaqaalaha rasmiga ah ee magazine NOLOSHA ee saameynta badan American. In awood this, wuxuu ka qayb qaatay hawlgalka December ee ciidamada Expeditionary American in Europe - in dhulka ay ciidamada huwanta ee Normandy.

Ka dibna, in uu buugga caanka ah "Hidden Aragtidooda" Robert Capa loo qaaday by run ah oo laga cabsado sharaxaada ay bashaash ah June 6, 1944, wuxuu sameeyey degaanka ee waaxda ee xeebaha Norman ah, calaamadeeyay on the maps of ciidamada Mareykanka sida qaybta Museum Beach. Waxa uu ahaa wariye kaliya ee meesha ugu khatarta badan ee soo degtey ciidamada American. Wuxuu waxaa la hoos geliyey halis cabsi badan labaad kasta, wada dhaqaaqin la askarta caadiga ah hoos dabka laga cabsado in Jarmalka la jiray ka lalmata oo meelaha xeebta.

Capa sawiro cajalado dhowr filim, ku guuldareysteen inay iyaga dhawri ka rasaas, firirka iyo hoos u biyahay galeen. Markaas waxaa la sugaya lama filaan ah, waayo, kormeer Farsamada waxaa la muujiyey in magazine "Life" ee London qalabka Capa ka Normandy diray, ku dhowaad dhammaan of filim ayaa laga badiyay. -Dhowro oo keliya 11 darbo, lahaa cilladaha farsamo kala duwan. Si lama filaan ah ku jira dhexdeeda haydh, kharibi, dhibco in la siiyo photos si bandhiga in ay socon warbaahinta keentay ee dunida oo idil, waxaana ay noqon Classics ah sawir.

Hay'adda "Magnum"

ammaantii post-dagaal ee US ugu caansan fotohronikera aan jidka nolosha ee Robert Capa bedelay. Wuxuu ahaa saaxiib la ah fanaaniinta iyo qorayaasha, Anigu waxaan haystaa burburin ah oo ku saabsan xiddigaha filimka. The diva ugu caansan ee ka dambeeya waqtiga - cajiib ah Ingrid Bergman - diyaar u ahayd inay guursadaan isaga, haddii uu istaago si ay u tagaan safarada ay degaannada dagaalladu military. Sidaas darteed, waxay kor u qarxay.

In 1947 waxaa la aasaasay hay'adda photo "Magnum", kaas oo uu madax u Robert Capa. Classics of sawir - Henri Cartier-Beresson, David Seymour, Dzhordzh Rodzher - yaa isaga ku biiray, ayaa loogu talo galay in la abuuro urur taasoo keentay of sawir documentary in sharrixi karaa dhacdooyinka meel kasta oo dunida tayada loo baahan yahay iyo xawaaraha. ayaa goolka Tani waxay la gaaray, inkastoo ay hay'addu ka adkaan waqtiyada adag.

War ka dib markii dagaal

Robert Capa, Biography, sawiro, buugaag kuwaas oo ay ka buuxaan waxyaabaha looga cabsado beerihii dagaalo military, jeclaaday in ay toogtaan iyo nolosha nabad, helidda sheekooyinka noqon Classics ah. In 1949, uu u safray Midowga Soofiyeeti, waxaa jiray isku day ay kor u si uu u furo meel ka baxsan ka tegid "daah bir ah" ayuu.

Laakiin hadhay shaqo ugu weyn ee military sawiraad. Capa on tegey inay u safraan halkaas oo darbo buuqday baxay. In 1948, wuxuuna daboolay dhacdooyinka dagaalka dhawaaqay by Carabta si State cusub ee Israa'iil.

reporter Sawirkii ugu dambeeyay Robert Capa la sameeyay May 25, 1954 in Indochina. Waxa ay muujinaysaa sida askari American taxadar warwareegaan, iska ilaalinta qaybta wadada howlgal. In daqiiqad waxaad maqli doontaa qarax miino, dhamaatay nolosha wariye sawirqaade ah caanka ah.