Fontanka webiga: taariikhda, sawiro

Fontanka River - durdur yar aqueous oo wakiil ka ah mid ka mid ah kanaallada ku Neva Delta St. Petersburg. Laamihii off ka dhanka bidix ee River Neva dhow Garden ee Xagaaga, iyo qulqula River Neva ee xagga koonfureed oo dalka Galerny ku Gutuevsky hore iyo xagga woqooyi ee jasiiradda, ee bilowga ugu horreeya ee Gacanka Finland. Arc intersects qaybta dhexe ee magaalada dhinaca koonfur-galbeed iyo waa soohdinta koonfureed ee Delta. dhererka kaydka waa 6.7 km, width ee u dhaxeysa 35 ilaa 70 m, si qoto dheer -. 2.6 3.5 m Halkan tilmaamayaasha sida waxa ay leedahay webiga Fontanka. Waa maxay sababta loo bixiyey iyo waxa ay taariikhda, waxaan ka baran karaa ka this article.

Biyaha ee nidaamka webiga, mid ka mid ah shan uu ka samaysan yahay Delta ee River Neva ah, 12 iyo webiyaasha. socodka biyaha ee isha waa celcelis ahaan 34 mitir oo saddex jibbaaran. m / s, geysto, ka dib markii branching Saxanka dhaqmaha - 24 cu. m / s, iyo in qaybta koonfureed ee xarunta la channel iyo kulanka Kryukov Griboedova - 22 cu. m / s. Heerka socodka on ushii ka il in buundada Anichkova - celcelis ahaan 0.3-0.4 m / s iyo hoos - 0.2-0.25 m / s.

Magaca River Fontanka ah

magaca asalka ah ee webiga - Eric. Marka dhismaha ilaha, ay wadada sahayda quduuska marayay durdur la dhisay. hydronym First beddelaa il, iyo mar dambe - in Fontanka ah.

Taariikhda Fontanka ah

Ilaa 1714 webiga kaneecada, aasaasay in jasiiradaha yaryar ay hadda, loo yaqaan ceebaalowyo ama si fudud Erik Erik. Ilaa aasaasay of St. Petersburg on bangiga jiray tuulo Ruush Usaditsa, oo u dhaw in ay afka - dejinta Izhora magaca Finnish Kalyula, Waayadan dambe tuulada Kalinkina ah. Inta lagu guda jiro dhismaha magaalada ee 1711 la webiga Fontanka ku Moika xiran this inta badan waa koollo qoyan, loo isticmaalo dharka lagu dhaqo.

Dhismaha, dib u dhiska iyo halaag on Fontanka ah

Inta lagu guda jiro dhismaha width ugu horeysay alwaax badnaan buundada of socodka biyaha sida webi oo kale Fontanka ah, gaadhay 200 mitir, laakiin Peter aan shaqada dhismaha ee magaalada joojiyay dhimashada meesha biyomareenka ah ka dib markii dib-u-soo galaan dhulka laga bilaabo quays kharibi, taas oo navigation aad u adag. In sano ee 1743-1752 waxaa fuliyey nadiifinta iyo xoojinta qararka ah. Its magaca hadda webiga ahayd inta lagu guda jiro boqortooyada Empress Anna Ivanovna, in ilihii, dhigay on qarkiisana midig ee Garden ee Xagaaga mahad. Waxay ahaayeen ku quudin jiray biyo ka channel Lithuanian balliga balli (hadda - Square) qoday ee geeska of Avenue ee Giriigga iyo jidadka casriga ah Nekrasov, ka dibna loo gudbiyaa park tuubada. Ilo Sami waxaa lagu halligay dhaawac daad daran ee 1777 iyo go'aanka Catherine II shisheeya dayactir. waxay furay kaliya ka dib markii dib u habaynta buuxda ee 2012.

xadka

Ilaa bartamihii qarnigii XVIII ka, River Fontanka ah waxaa loo tixgeliyaa sida soohdinta koonfureed ee magaalada, kaas oo ka baxsan waxaa jira xaafadaha dalka ka mid ah kuwii gobta ahaa taajir. hadda waxaa la toosinta iyo qayb ka daboolay iyo webiyaasha, oo ay ku jiraan webiga wasakh Tarakanovka. oo soohdintu waxay of St. Petersburg ayaa u dhaqaaqay channel isku tallaalidda, laakiin dhowr line Fontanka ah labaatankii sano ee hadhay ee hoos dhismaha hore. Inta u dhaxaysa hadda ka mid ah Fontanka iyo Moika, la Canal Kryukov ah, ee qarniyadii XVIII-XIX ahayd meel magaalada hareeraheeda ah ee magaalada, la odhan jiray Kolomna.

Ka shaqeeya on Webiga

In sano ee 1780-1789 Fontanka mar kale ka bariyeelay iyo sii channel, iyo sidoo kale mashruuc horumartay by dhise A. ku V. Kvasovym, dhisay iyo jiidh leh gabiyada dhagax adag, wadooyinka iyo descents webiga. In dhexe ee qarnigii XIX ah, webiga degaanka ee jooga Vitebsk Station ayaa waxaa ku xiran in line isku tallaalidda habka Vvedensky, loogu talagalay in la isugeeyey qaar ka mid ah gaadiidka oo la aasay ee 1967-1969 sano. In 1892, Fontanka bilaabay socday maraakiibta rakaabka. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, webiga ka dhigay gaadiidka laba hab oo doonniyo yaryar ee doonyaha dalxiis ugu weyn. Xilliga jiilaalka, kacaanka oo ka mid ah hab Golaha City ayaa lagu qabtay on dadweynaha garoonada barafka.

biyo la cabbo

Sanbal biyaha la cabbo, waayo, dadka ku wareegsan ayaa waxaa fuliyay labadii qarniyo soo dhaafay. Biyaha waa gaadiid ah oo foosto oo cagaar ah, in la barbardhigo Neva ah, dhalooyin ku cad, iyo sababta oo ah faddarayn daran si joogta ah u noqday sababta safmar ah cudurada calool-. Oo baaxad weyn oo dhismaha dhirta daaweynta iyo la isugeeyey wasakhda in Neva Bay ku soo hagaagtay xaaladda deegaanka, iyo in 1970 kalluunka dib webiga.

Biota

flora Major maqan yahay oo dhan on webiga ka Neva, dhirta xeebaha iyo ma, sida ku laayeen biyaha ayaa damacsan dhagax. Fontanka River (photo hoose) ma aha dubato hodan. Found kalluunka ku nool qeybaha hoose ee River Neva iyo Delta, oo ay ku jiraan whitefish, bream iyo lamprey. Ka hor kacaankii webiga ilaalinaysay baqashada badan oo kalluunka nool, keenay for sale ka qeybaha sare ee River Neva iyo Lake Ladoga. Currently, ay sabab u tahay tayada hagaagay ee daaweynta biyaha, kalluunka ee Delta ee Neva ah ayaa noqonaya mid aad iyo bangiyada ee kalluumaysiga madadaalada dhaqanka Fontanka ah, inkastoo khubarada ha ku talinaynaa cuno qabtay iyada rotan quus iyo. Fish ka buundooyinka gebi ahaanba la mamnuucay. avifauna waxaa wakiil caadiga Petersburg for noocyada waterfowl - shimbir badeedda iyo Brighton.

buundooyinka

Shore sida durdur wax aqueous sidii webi Fontanka ku xiran yihiin by buundooyinka 15, kuwaas oo soo jiidashada leh ee ay ugu weyn. The iyaga ka mid ah ugu caansan yihiin: dhaqid, mid ka mid ah isgoysyada dhagax ugu horeysay dhisay St. Petersburg, Anichkov, a kooxo farshaxan farda caanka shaqeeyaan Klodt, iyo buundada dalka Masar, qurxiyey laba sphinxes iyo afar kabka-birta ilayska tiirarka. hit ugu danbeysay ee barafka webiga waa Jan. 20, 1905 ay sabab u tahay resonance ka kacay inta lagu guda jiro marinka ee koox dad ah oo ah Horse-Grenadier Ciidankii, iyo ugu danbeyn lagu soo celiyo kaliya ee 1955-1956. In qarnigii XVIII ka, waxaa la dhisay goor toddoba buundada silsilad la mid ah la galaasyada alwaax. Kuwaas oo kala ah Lomonosovski (hore Chernyshev) iyo Old-Kalinkin ilaa hadda sida durkiya kaydiyaa, laakiin cawradooda dhexe lagu bedelay bir iyo bir.

indhaha

Near Garden ee Xagaaga sannadaha 1715-1722 loo dhigay deked markab particularity, halkaas oo ilaa 1762 la dhisay weelasha yaryar oo rayid ah. Dhammaadkii qarnigii XVIII on site khamriga iyo cusbo bakhaarada ay la dhisay, taas oo ah sababta goobta waxaa lagu magacaabaa City Cusbada leh. From adag this naqshadda raagayaan dhismaha kaniisadda St. Panteleimon. Hoos ku qor bangiga bidix ee buundada Anichkov la dhisay ilaa qeybtii labaad ee qarnigii XIX ah. Waxaa degeen School Sharciga ah, ka dibna - Sheremetev Palace (Isha House) la Anny Ahmatovoy Museum ah, iyo Institute hore ee Catherine. At isgoyska of Nevsky Prospect waa daarta Prince Beloselsky-Belozersky, ka dibna hore ee beerta Izmailovo iyo guryaha ee Abwaan Derzhavin.

On Dhiniciisa Midig, kaydka loo yaqaan webiga Fontanka ee St Petersburg ee laanta Saxanka dhaqmaha iyo soo horjeeda Garden Summer waa Mikhailovsky Castle ka, dhisay sida deggenaanshaha ee Paul I, iyo kuwaas oo hadda waa laan ka mid ah Museum Ruush ah. Next soo Palace Shuvalov, halkaas oo ay jiraan museum gaar loo leeyahay oo Faberge, Anichkov Palace, galidoonaan ee square Lomonosov leh dhismaha wasaaradda hore ee Arrimaha Gudaha, ka taagay in 1830 by Carlo Rossi. Waxa kale oo jira dhismaha of State St. Petersburg ee rogadka, Drama Big Tiyaatarka, Yusupov Palace, oo u dhow afka - jirka Admiralty Shipyards. In 1994, baxday inka badan ee St. Michael ee Castle waa tiir ka mid ah hiddaha Finch-Pyzhik, mid ka mid ah yar ee St. Petersburg. Tani waa webiga Fontanka ah, taariikhda kaas oo ah mid aad wargelin ah oo muhiim u ah gobolka.