Faransiis King Francis II iyo Maryan Stuart

The mustaqbalka King Francis II waxa uu ku dhashay qabiilka reer Henry II (1519-1559) iyo Ekateriny Medichi (1519-1589). Oo waxay noqotay in guur loo caleemo saaray labada sannaddii kow iyo tobnaad, January 19, 1544. Ilmuhu ayaa loo magacaabay ka dib markii uu awoowe, Francis I. Sababo la xaqiiqada ah in Catherine ayaa awood uma yeelan in ay dhalaan walad, waxaa la saaro boqorka, oo ahaa oo uu jecel yahay Diane de Poitiers nool ka.

ílrnuhu

Francis II koray Saint-Germain Palace. Waxay ahayd joogitaanka ee xaafad PSG on bangiyada of waxba reebin ah. Ilmuhu waa la baabtiisay February 10, 1544 in Fontainebleau. King-awoowe at isku isaga boqoradu. Habar- noqday Pope Paul III iyo eedo Margarita Navarrskaya.

In 1546 ilmaha noqday taliyaha Languedoc, oo sannad ka dib heshay horyaalka ee Dauphin, dhimashada uu awoowe iyo aabbihiis ka dib, Henry II boqor ka noqday. Ilmuhu wuxuu lahaa hagayaal badan, oo ay ku jiraan saynisyahan a Greek ka Naples. kii dhaxalka lahaa bartay qoob ka yar iyo xayndaabka (waxa ay ahayd calaamad ah ee asluubta wanaagsan waagaas).

ururka guurka

Muhiim ahaa su'aasha ah ee hawlgelinta iyo sii of guri ammaan ah. Henry II go'aansaday in wiilkiisa uu xaaskiisa Mary Stuart heli doontaa - Queen of Scotland. Waxay ku dhalatay on December 8, 1542 iyo tan iyo wakhtigii aad ugu horeeyay horyaalka helay, maxaa yeelay, markaas dhimashada aabbeheed, James V. Dhab ahaantii, maxaa yeelay, waxay ku taliyaa qaraabo dhow ee Dzheyms Gamilton (Earl of Arran).

Iyada oo su'aasha ah diinta ahaa oo halis ah. France iyo Scotland ahaayeen dalalka Catholic. England badisay kaniisadda Protestant. Sidaa darteed, maamulka ee saddexda dal ee ma aha inta badan si dhaqso ah ku soo gabagabayn gaashaanbuur. Marka Scotland ugu dambeyntii ku guuleystay xisbiga "Faransiis", kuwii gobta ahaa go'aansaday inuu Boqorad yar Dauphin ka soo Paris siin. bilaabaha ee ururka this noqday Cardinal Devid Biton, kuwaas oo meesha ka saaray Hamilton.

Isla mar ahaantaana dalka si lama filaan ah soo galeen ciidamada British. Kaniisadaha Catholic ayaa la burburiyay, oo dalka soo ridayeen ayaa la dumay. Dibad fuliyeen argagixiso shaqsi kula kacaan kuwii gobta ahaa Scottish, kuwaas ma doonayaan in ay samaynayaan tanaasulaad si loo Deriskeeda Koonfurta. Ugu dambeyntii regents Maria jeestay caawimaad si France. Waxaa jiray ciidamada beddelkeeda ballankii guurka. Bishii August 1548 Maria, kaasoo kaliya jeestay shan sano jir, doon ku fadhiistay, oo wuxuu tegey ninkeeda mustaqbalka.

Wedding ee Maria Stuart

Girl, iyo waxyaabo kale, sidoo kale wuxuu ahaa maayso ee Claude de gambanaya - asaaga ee France iyo mid ka mid ah kuwii gobta ahaa dadka ugu saameynta badan ee dalka. Waxa uu daryeelka iyada oo gargaar ah ka qaaday maxkamadda ilaa dhimashadiisii, haleel sharaf u qadariyo ee 1550. aroosadda ahaa aan caadi ahayn dhaadheer, waayo, da'diisa, halka François II, on lid ku ah, waxaa lagu gartaa koritaanka yar yahay. Iyadoo ay taasi jirto, mustaqbalka Henry II ee ay soddohda u jeclaa, oo wuxuu ku yidhi ku qanacsanaanta, in carruurta loo isticmaalo, in kasta oo kale muddo.

Arooskii ka dhacay April 24, 1558. Guurka cusub ee loogu tala galay in mustaqbalka Wiilashii lamaanaha awoodaan in la isu geeyo carshiyadii Scotland iyo France ka yar hal usha noqon doonaa. Waxaa intaa dheer, Mary waa-maayso weyn ee King Henry VII. Dhab ahaantii Tani iyada carruur siin lahaa sabab sharci ah si ay u dalbadaan carshiga ee London. Ilaa uu dhintay, Francis II hadhay boqorkii Haweenay reer Scotland. Horyaalka Tani ma siin awoodda runta ah, laakiin ka gaareen darajo ee ahaa taliyihii xaaska. Laakiin labada qof waligood reer guurkooda gaaban. Tani waxa ay ahayd sabab u ah da'da dhallinyarada ahaa oo Dauphin iyo cudurada ay suurtagal tahay.

Isbaddel carshiga

Oo kali ah sannad ka dib markii arooska (10 July 1559) boqor noqday wuxuu Francis II ee Valois maxaa yeelay, dhimashada dhicis aabbihiis. Henry II dabaal arooska ah mid ka mid ah gabdhihiisii iyo dhaqan ahaan loo qabanqaabiyaa joust. Gabriel de Montgomery - King mid ka mid ah martida la dirireen. waran Tirada qarxay on qolof ah ee Henry oo uu jab yar ahaa taliyihii isha. nabarka kalanna sida sababta bararka. King dhintay, inkastoo xaqiiqda ah in gargaar uu bixiyo dhakhaatiirta ugu fiican Yurub, oo ay ku jiraan Andreas Vezaly (aasaasaha waxbaridda anatomy casriga ah). Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in dhimashada Henry ayaa la saadaaliyay by Nostradamus, kuwaas oo, kadis ah, weli noolaa wakhtigaas.

September 21, 1559 Francis II ee Valois waxaa la abaalmarintaasi lagu Reims. dhaqan ee saareen taajkii aaminay in Cardinal Charles de gambanaya. Taajkii ahaa sidaas culus in maxkamadda lahaa in isaga lagu taageero. Charles wuxuu ahaa mid ka mid ah regents on par a la Eedadaa of Mary nooc gambanaya. Waxaa sidoo kale saameyn weyn yarkii hooyadiis la siiyaa, Ekaterina Medichi. Boqortooyada dhallinyarada qaatay uu waqtiga firaaqada ah oo dhan on madadaalada: ugaadhsaday, koobabka abaabulan oo u safray farxad leh daarahooda waaweyn ee.

Uusan u dooneynin inuu dhexgalin arrimaha gobolka ka sii shiday cadaawe maxkamadda qabaa'ilka kala duwan, xiisooday daliilka awoodda dhabta ah. Giza, taas oo run ahaantii noqday sharciga ah ee dalka soo food saartay dhibaato gudaha badda, mid kasta oo la superimposed oo dhinaca kale ah.

Dhibaatooyinka la xiriira Maaliyadda

Midkii kowaad wuxuu u arimo dhaqaale. Francis II iyo Maryan Stuart helay carshiga ka dib markii dhowr dagaallo lala galay Habsburgs ah, bilaabay Valois hore. Dawladdu waxay lacag soo amaahday baananka, taas oo keentay in deynta ah ee 48 milyan oo faran, halka khasnadda reer boqor ee sannadka soo helay dakhliga kaliya 12 million.

Taas darteed, Giza bilaabay inay ku baaqaan in siyaasad ah kayd dhaqaale, taas oo mid ka mid ah sababaha ay unpopularity bulshada ahaa. Intaa waxaa dheer, walaalaha iska dhigeen lacagta military. ciidanka ayaa waxaa guud ahaan la dhimay, iyo askar badan oo shaqo beelay, ka dibna quudin galay tuugo ama ka qayb-galay dagaallo diimeed, ka faa, iska hor imaad ah oo dhan oo dhan. Waxaan ku faraxsanayn iyo barxadda, isagoo badiyay raaxo.

siyaasadda dibadda

In siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda, Francis II iyo la taliyayaashiisa oo isku dayay in ay sii wadaan dadaallada lagu doonayo in kor loogu qaado oo ay ilaaliyaan nabadda daba dhamaadka Wars Talyaani ah. Waxay ahayd taxane ah oo dagaalada hubaysan, iskala in bareeg ka 1494 si ay u 1559. Henry II wax yar ka hor inta uusan dhiman gabagabeeyay dunida Kato Kambreziysky. Heshiiska ayaa ka koobnaa laba warqadood.

Heshiiska ayaa marka hore waxa uu u saxiixay la Queen of England Elizabeth I. Sida laga soo xigtay isaga si, waayo, France ayaa waxaa go'an ka qabsadeen badda Calais, laakiin beddelkeeda, Paris lahaa in ay bixiyaan 500,000 kr. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Giza, wajahay mass ah ee deynta dalka, go'aansaday in aan lacag siiyo qalcadda. Time ayaa muujisay in 500 000 ECU ayaa ku hadhay oo kaliya on warqad, halka saxarada ku cadaato hantida ee France. Qofna waa ka soo horjeeda, oo ay ku jiraan Francis II. Biography of Boqortooyada dhallinyarada cod karnimo ah ku hadla ee ku saabsan waxa uu oggolaan waayeen inay qaadan hindisaha in ay gacmahooda.

tanaasulaad territorial

Heshiiska labaad, saxiixay Cateau-Cambrésis, heshii France iyo Spain. Wuxuu ahaa wax intaas ka sii daran. France ayaa laga badiyay goobaha waaweyn. Waxay siiyeen Habsburgs Thionville ah, Marienburg, Luxembourg, iyo sidoo kale meelaha qaar ee Charolais iyo Artois. Duke of Savoy (bahaysi Spain) ka Paris, Savoy, Piedmont helay. Republic of Genoa u tageen inay u dhiibtay.

Francis lahaa doorasho aan ahayn in ay u hoggaansamaan qodobada heshiiska, kor loogu bixiyey aabbihiis by, sababta oo ah waxa Spain dambeyntii qaatay booska ugu horeeysa ee World Hore, halka France degan dirir gudaha, waxba si ay u joojiso samayn karin.

Qodob kale oo xiiso leh heshiis ahaa in Emmanuel Philibert (ugaas of Savoy) guursaday eedaday Francis, Margaret. guurka Taas ayaa horay la qabtay inta lagu guda jiro boqortooyada Boqortooyada dhallinyarada. arooska kale oo dhacay intii u dhaxaysay Philip of Spain iyo walaasheed of Francis - Elizabeth.

Sidoo kale inta lagu guda jiro boqortooyada Francis sii wada xaajood dheer dhaladiisa Isbaanish on celinta la haystayaasha labada dhinac ee soohdinta. Qaar ka mid ah iyaga ka mid ah waxay ahaayeen xabsiyada muddo tobannaan sano.

Isla mar ahaantaana in kacdoonkii Scotland bilaabay Eebayaal Brotestanka ka dhanka ah regents Faransiis. Diinta rasmiga ah waa beddelmay, ka dibna dhammaan maamulayaasha PSG haddiiba ka tagay dalka.

dagaal diimeed

Brothers Giza ahaayeen xagjirnimada Catholics. Waxay ku bilaabay mawjad cusub oo cadaadiska ka dhanka ah dibad, kuwaas oo ku noolaa in France. Cabbirkan boqorka François II loo ogol yahay, siiyey go-hor ee xoriyadda Eedadaa tallaabo oo uu naagtiisa. Huguenot eryadeen ilaa dil mass. meelaha ay shirka iyo ururka waxaa lagu halligay, sida haddii ay ahaayeen xeryaha cudurkii.

Catholics ka soo horjeeda falalka xisbiga Protestant ah, kaas oo sidoo kale lahaa madaxda ay maxkamadda reer boqor. Waxay ahaayeen qaraabo fog taliyaha Antuana De Bourbon (King of Navarre, buur yar) iyo Lyudovika Konde. Waxa kale oo loo yaqaan "Prince dhiigga" (ie, waxay ahaayeen xubno ka mid ah guri ammaan Capetian ah, ka mid ah taas oo Valois boqor ku ahaa).

goob Ambauzsky

Bishii Maarso 1560, Huguenots ka jawaab u falalka Catholics martigeliso shirqool Ambauzsky. Waxay ahayd isku day ah si uu u qabto Francis maxbuus oo isaga ku qasbaan in uu iska fogeeyo walaalaha gambanaya. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ka hor qorshaha ogaaday maxkamadda reer boqor, iyo qax Ambauze - magaalada A on Loire ah, oo waa wadnaha France. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, shirqoolkii ay go'aansadeen in ay fursad qaado. Ay isku day guuldareystay, duulay ayaa lagu dilay xabsiga.

Tani waxay keentay in la ruxruxo ah cadaadis of Brotestanka. Waxayna u dhawaadeen inay toogasho ah iyada oo aan maxkamad. Antuan De Bourbon iyo Lyudovik Konde ayaa la qabtay oo lagu eedeeyay shirqool. Waxay la badbaadiyey oo kaliya by xaqiiqada ah in ay kor u taagnaa hooyadiis, boqorku wuxuu ku Ekaterina Medichi. Waxay, sida dabaqadda badan oo wuxuu iyadii daba socday, wuxuu ahaa dhexdhexaad ah oo ku saabsan arrimaha diinta, oo isku dayaya in ay gaaraan tanaasul u dhexeeya Catholics iyo Huguenots ah. Waxay ahayd bishii December 1560.

Siyaasadda dib u heshiisiinta

Ka dib markii ay jecelyihiin sida siyaasadda diinta noqday jilicsan, taas oo ka bixinin Francis 2. boqortooyada waxaa lagu calaamadeeyay by xaqiiqada ah in maxaabiista oo dhan ayaa la sii daayay by diinta. Tan iyo markii ugu of Henry II waxa uu ahaa gargaarka ugu horeysay. In May 1560 uu Macca, kuwaas oo saxiixay Francis II. Duke of Brittany (mid ka mid ah uu koobab badan) ayaa markii ugu horeysay ka hadlay ku saabsan xornimada damiirka.

Bishii Abriil, Hooyo Queen of France dhawaaqay Chancellor Michel de l'Hôpital. Wuxuu ahaa shaqaale rasmi ah oo caan ah, Abwaan iyo Zaman bani. Writer gabayo daabacay Latin, taas oo Keeban Horace qadiimiga. Aabbihiis u adeegay oo ka hor Charles de Bourbon. Dulqaad Michelle bilaabay inay ku baaqaan in siyaasad dulqaad. Waayo, wadahadal dhexmara oo qiranaya dagaallamaya ayaa isugu Maraykanka Guud (markii ugu horeysay 67 sano). Wax yar ka dib amar baa maray, taas oo ka dhigtay de L'Hôpital. Wuxuu buriyey ciqaabta dilka ah ee dembi ka dhan ah diinta. Inta kale ee hawlaha siyaasadda ku hadhay guddiga, oo wejigiisa ahaa Francis II. Carruurta carshiga bilaabeen inay ku guuleystaan coquette beddelo kasta gashi kale soo jiidasho badan.

Francis iyo qaddar ee dhimashada Mary

Francis II - King of France - ma ay samayn karin track ah dhacdooyinkaan waxay. dhegta ayaa si lama filaan ah sameeyay fistula ah in uu keeno gangrene wax halaagta. December 5, 1560 Boqortooyada 16-sano jir ah idlaadeen in Orleans. Waxa uu kor uguma carshiga soo socda ina Henry II - Charles X.

Francis Mary Stuart naagtiisii inay dalkoodii, halkaas oo ku soo laabtay by markii ugu Brotestanka ku guulaystay. Ay kooxaha dalbaday in fasax Boqorad dhalinyarada la Church Roman ah. Gabadha u suurtagashay in ay wadaan inta u dhaxaysa labada dhinacyada colaadda ilaa maalintii la diiday carshiga ee 1567, ka dibna u cararay England. Waxaa iyada waxaa xiray Tudor Elizabeth ah. Plaid la ogaaday in waraaqaha taxadarto wakiilka a Catholic kuwaad kula ayay isku duba isku day ah oo ku saabsan Queen of England. Sidaas darteed, waxaa la dilay Mary ee 1587 at da'da 44 sano.