Falgallada hiddo

Gene - unug dhismaha macluumaadka inheritable. Waxay ka dhigan tahay qayb gaar ah ee Britain ayaa DNA ah (oo mararka qaarkood RNA). dhexgalka hiddo bixisaa kala iibsiga ee calaamadaha hoose ee noolaha farcankaaga waalidka.

hiddo-kasta go'aamiso feature gaar ah, kaas oo ka madax bannaan yahay kuwa kale. Waxay awoodaan inay la macaamilaan yihiin. Tani waa suurto gal ah in xaqiiqada ah in ay jiraan waxaa mahad lala dhaxal ah hiddo. Marka lagu daro in genotype ay u dhaqmaan sida hab. Xiriirka aasaasiga ah waxa u dhaxeeya waa xukuma iyo recessive.

genotype Human - kumanaan ka mid ah Calaamooyinkiisa (habka), kaas oo ku haboon kartaa oo keliya 46 koromosoom. Mid kasta oo iyaga ka mid ah waxaa ku jira tiro badan oo ah hiddo-(ugu yaraan 30 kun).

Horumarinta ee feature gaar ah waxaa laga yaabaa in ay sabab u tahay saameynta ay in ka badan hal hiddo, iyo tiro ka mid ah kuwaas oo hab isku xiran oo lacag la'aan ah. hiddo-dhexgalka noocan oo kale ah u yeedhay polymer (aadka u adag). Sida laga soo xigtay hab this, waxaa jira waa dhaxalkii ay midabka maqaarka, timaha, iyo boqolaal ka mid ah qaababka kale.

Sababo la this tirada hiddo-bixinta taageerada iyo horumarinta ee noolaha kama dambaysta ah, oo ka kooban noocyo kala duwan oo unugyada ku takhasusay kala. Ninka loo aqoonsaday 200 nooc oo ah unugyada isagoo cutubyo dheeraad galay tiro ka mid ah noocyada functional iyo morphological khaas ah unugyada.

hiddo-Xarunta ee koromosoom ah waxaa lagu qeexay by the hiddo-xajin dheer. All tirsan group la mid ah hiddo lala soo wada dhaxlo inta lagu guda jiro formation of gametes.

Tirada kooxaha kala duwan ee hiddo-xajin aan qummanaynu. dhexgalka Laba-hybrid waxa lagu gartaa in xajin ah ma hoos gasho sharciga Mendelian. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, gacanta si buuxda waa wax dhif ah. Sida caadiga ah, in farcankii muujinaysaa dhan afar phenotypes.

Qoondee allelic iyo isdhexgalka hiddo-non-allelic. Alleles - kuwani waa noocyada hiddo isku.

Allele - dhexgalka tirsan labada ciyaaryahan la mid ah hiddo-allelic. dabeecad Astaanta la go'aamiyo ma xiriirka Lagaga oo keliya, laakiin sidoo kale tirada hiddo in genotype ah.

Alleles ay awoodaan si ay u abuuraan isku xirka sida, sida Lagaga dhameystiran (marka phenotype ee heterozygote waa sheyga kaliya hal hiddo-a) oo aan dhamaystirnayn (phenotype ee heterozygote ka duwan tahay phenotype ee homozygous sifo badan oo recessive, qaadashada sare dhexe) qiimaha (iyaga Kodominirovanie - A. ficil hiddo allelic markii heterozygotes leeyihiin phenotype ah labada wax soo saarka.

Nonallelic - saamaynta wadajirka ah ee labada (ama ka badan) hiddo-non-allelic. Waxaa lagu sheegi karaa in qaab epistatic dhamaystiraya, ama bedelayaan dhexgalka polymer.

Dhexgalka hiddo nonallelic laga yaabaa in si kala duwan u kordhiyo, si kala saaro dhawr nooc.

Kaabaha - dhexgalka hiddo madax banaan Mendelian galay mid ka mid genotype oo keenaya bandhigay ee feature kasta hal.

Polymer - saamayn daro ah tiro ka mid ah hiddo-non-allelic on formation of sifo gaar ah oo sababa kala duwan oo kala duwanaanshaha joogto ah la tirin karo. Polymer waa wadareed iyo noncumulative. Xaaladda hore, calaamadaha tirada maagganaa alleles xukuma hiddo polymeric ku jira genotype ah. In kiiska labaad, heerka uu sifo waxaa ka go'an oo keliya by joogitaanka allele ku xukuma oo ka madax bannaan yahay tiradooda.

Epistasis - xakamaynta of a hiddo xukuma allele ee ugu horeysay kale nonallelic. Ama xakamaynta falal badan oo alleles recessive in gipostatichnom hiddo recessive allele joogo epistatic ee gobolka homozygous.

kaabaha The - feature horumarisa ee tallaabada ay labada dhinac hiddo-2-adag, kaas oo ah mid caan ku ah shaqsi ma keenaan.

Bedelayaan - isbedel ah ee hiddo-weyn ee aan allelic ee la xiriirta iyaga modifiers. Mid ka mid ah hiddo-talaabo u qaadi kartaa inta badan ee gacanta horumarinta sifo iyo HABEEYAHA ah ee la xiriirta horumarinta qaababka kale.

dhexgalka ee hiddo waxaa had iyo jeer lagu arkay, marka dhowr hiddo saamayn samaynta gobol gaar ah oo caan ku shaqeeyo ah.