Existentialism - nooc gaar ah humanism

falsafadda ah existentialism waxa uu noqday mid ka mid ah hadda ugu caansan, firfircoon iyo saameynta of our time. Waxay ku salaysan tahay antiscientism, taas oo ka dhigaysa cadeeyay in falsafada caqligal ma aha in aad ka jawaabto su'aalo badan oo awoodo, ayay si fudud u gaarto heer xasaasi ah, sidaas darteed waa waqti u guurto aad view of nin, dhibaatooyinka iyo nolosha.

Isbeddelkani waxa bilaabay in ka 20 ee qarnigii labaatanaad ee Germany. Isla markii Dagaalkii Adduunka bulshada toosay oo wax fiiriyey indhaha cusub ee jiritaanka nin, dhibaatooyinka uu. Waxaa jira laba qaybood: existentialism diinta iyo Cilmaaniyadda. falsafada waxaa loo soo horjeeda by aragtiyaha caqligal ah, halkaas oo kaliya ee maado gaar ah aadanaha tixgeliyo. Existentialism u maleeyeen halganka for aqoonsiga.

arrimuhu falsafada ku dhowaad mar asalkiisu ka soo jeedo ee Germany, France iyo Russia, waxaa la xaqiijiyay in shuqullada sayniska ee faylosuufiinta in dalalka. Laakiin Jarmalka ayaa noqday Horseedka, on qoraaladii Heidegger iyo Jaspers horumariyo existentialism Faransiis. In Germany, waxaa la qaatay in ka badan by ilaha fikirka Fasiraadda iyo fasirkeediiba. France waxaa matalayey kaliya labo hadda: diinta iyo Cilmaaniyadda. Tan koowaad waa Gabriel Marcel, iyo tan labaad - Camus iyo Sartre.

"Existentialism - humanism ah" - Faylasuuf ah si fiican u yaqaan Faransiis sha Sartre ee, taas oo ka dhigaysa waxaad la Yaabteen in this runtii waa. Haddii wakiilada dhaqdhaqaaqa diinta isku dayeen in ay ka heli xiriir lumay leh Ilaah, si tuurid ah dogmas jir ah in qaab cusub, cawaan ah ugu horayn loo arkaa shakhsiyad madaxbannaan marka laga reebo dhismeedka dhaqanka iyo bulshada. jihada Cilmaaniyadda ee isku dayaya in ay soo horjeeda ee u badnaanta burbur of pathos nin cidlo iyo humanism.

In 1946, markii ugu horaysay la daabacay buug of Sartre ee "Existentialism - humanism ah". Waxay ahayd sannado badan, laakiin waxaa la daabacay dhowr jeer, sababtoo ah waxa ku jira foomka la heli karo sharxayaa ku saleysan oo ka mid ah falsafada iyo dhibic of view of qoraaga. Fikradda aad u of existentialism waa in nin waa mid aad u cidla, iyo on this salaysan, horumarinta noocyo kala duwan oo cabsi ah, kuwaas oo hadda la furay. Waxaa soo baxday in qofka ay jirto oo kaliya in ay noqon Adduun.

In ay shaqada, Sartre isku dayeen in ay ka jawaabaan su'aasha, existentialism - waa humanism ama wax kale, oo ka hadlay sida ay u la xidhiidhaan midba midka kale, labadan hadda. wakiilada u fiican oo humanism tixgeliyo Petrarch, Dante, Boccaccio. Waxay sheegay in soo socda ka anthropocentrism maskaxda aadanaha, haddii loo maleeyo in sida qiimaha qofka, oo waa humanism ah. marka laga reebo kaliya ee waa in keceen dadka awoodaha sarreeyaan oo iyaga fogeeyay naftooda ka yimid.

Existentialism - humanism ah, laakiin gaar ah. Halkan doorka ugu weyn aan la soo ciyaaray by nin isaga qudhiisa, laakiin wax isu transtsendentiruyuschee ee dunida, isku dayaya in ay gaaraan gool iyo meelaha qaarkood, had iyo jeer ku biiro iyo raadinayso ugu fiican. Existentialism waxay ku salaysan tahay underpinnings la mid ah sida humanism, laakiin waxaa muddo ku dhow a in isagoo aadanaha. Waxa ugu weyn ee halkan - si ay u gaaraan ugu sareeya. Qof kastaa wuxuu wax ka qiimo badan, gool kama dambaysta ah in la gaaro. Sidaa darteed, waxaan si kalsooni leh u odhan kartaa in existentialism weli waa humanism ah.