Diyaarad Ruush ee WWII. The diyaarad ugu horeysay Ruush

The Union of Jamhuuriyadaha Socialist Soviet intii lagu jiray dagaalka ayaa si wayn kor iyo in la hagaajiyo saldhig ay raxan. Haddii in soddon jirka ah qayb ka mid ah raxan la Dadwaynaha diyaaradaha ee soo saaridda shisheeye, in by dhexe ee dagaalka ayaa waxaa ku badan diyaarad military Ruush.

Shuruudaha ee horumarka ah ee duulimaadyada military Soviet

Dhismaha Midowga Jamhuuriyadaha Socialist Soviet, wareegay madaxbannaani buuxda ee mid ka mid ah laamaha, ha ahaato warshadaha, beeraha ama ciidan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, at kulanka of diyaaradda labaataneeyada iyo raxan diyaaradaha soddon jirka ah ayaa laga keeno. A diyaaradaha Ruush ayaa waxaa la aasaasay kaliya qudhaanjada 2 iyo Ant-9 Tupolev design-soo-saarka. Dhibaatooyinka aviavooruzheniya Army Red wakhtigaas ahaayeen:

- daydo dhacsan ee baabuurta;

- xaalad masaakiinta farsamo ee diyaaradda,

- neunifitsirovannost (fiditaanka badan oo lagu daydo iyo noocyada hana u oggolaan in ay tayadoodii ay database dayactir).

Formation of diyaarad military ka hor inta World

isbedel wanaagsan in industry waxay yimaadeen iyagoo ah abuuritaanka Moscow Aviation Machadka. Xaaladan oo ah madal waxbarasho siiyey koror weyn oo tirada ku takhasusay warshadaha diyaaradda iyo xafiisyada design.

Xukuumadda Soviet in ay maalgashadaan khayraadka dheeraad ah aadanaha iyo dhaqaale ee diyaaradaha Ruush. Horeba ee pre-dagaal saarayaasha labaad diyaaradaha shan sano lahaa wax soo saarka ballaaran ee ku salaysan wareeg oo buuxa. Waxa fuliya hawsha General Xoghayaha Stalin si ay u abuuraan a duulista casriga ah. In bartamihii-soddon jirka ahayd ee horyaalka ee ugu danbeysay ee tijaabada ah qofkii ugu horeeyay Soviet, qarsoon hoos markabka gaadiidka rayidka ah. The diyaarad Ruush ugu horeeyay, taas oo ka dibna ka qeybqaadatay dagaalka ee dagaalkii labaad ee dunida, duuliye waxaa loo tababaray sidii Levanevsky, Vodop'yanov, Grizodubov iyo kuwa kale.

Xarakada Tests ayaa sidoo kale dibadda sameeyay. Tusaale ahaan, in Spain ee 1937. Markaas diyaaradda Polikarpov lagu tijaabiyey, brand ee I-15 iyo I-16. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, natiijada ahaayeen niyad jab. Mishiino si weyn looga badiyay tartanka German.

Stalin ma joogay on abaalmarinta iyo khayraadka loo qoondeeyey ee samaynta diyaarad Ruush. Xarakada helay radioosnastku, iyo sidoo kale iyada oo loo marayo horumarinta naqshado cusub oo lagu daray qalabka sayniska, taas oo si weyn u soo hagaagtay sifooyinka waxqabadka baabuurta dagaalka ah.

Diyaaradaha dagaalka ka hor

Si cad u muujinaysaa gobolka pre-dagaal waxqabadka warshadaha dagaal duulista Difaaca commissar Voroshilov ku Goluhu golaha dhexe ee March 1939. Isaga oo warbixin ku tilmaamay korodhka weyn ee Aviation ee Midowga Soofiyeeti. Gaar ahaan, Ciidamada Cirka ah, marka la barbar dhigo 1934 sanadka, korodhka sannadlaha ah ee 138 boqolkiiba. Tiro ka mid ah diyaaradaha ayaa kordhay 1.3 jeer.

Saamiga. Qarax oo ka tirsan

Gaar ah xooga la saaro qarax culus. Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in ay tahay kaarka buunka in dagaalka ka dhanka ah ciidamada reer galbeedka ah. Sidaa darteed, qarax culus degan boqolkiiba weyn ee raxan ah. Waxa kale oo ka tirsan Park la kordhay 2.5 jeer.

Kharash ku samaynta diyaarad Ruush ah ayaa lagu shubaa heer muhiimad cusub. Waxaa sidoo kale la soo saaray oo la gelin hawlgalka matoorrada ee M-25 xoogga 715 hooras awoodda qaboojinta hawada 100 M-750 hooras, si ay u isticmaalaan nidaamka qaboojinta aqueous. duulimaadyo sare ugu badan ayaa sidoo kale kor u kacay iyo lacag si ay u 14-15 kun oo mitir. Diyaaradaha ayaa noqotay qaab more fududeeyey, hoos u caabiga apparatuses hawada. koritaanka Production ayaa ku dhiira galiyay hordhaca ah ee Streaming iyo jediyay wax taaj oo kale.

By 1941, laga soo diyaaradda dagaalka ee Midowga Soofiyeeti ayaa la tixgeliyey ugu guulaha badan MiG, Yak iyo LAGG. Dhibaatada loo aqoonsaday IL-2, kuwaas oo si joogto ah updated. Sida laga soo xigtay istiraatiijiyad ah "Nadiifi Sky", ayaa la qorsheeyay in la sii daayo agagaarka 100,000 diyaaradaha SU-2, kaas oo call aan horay loo arag in ciidamada hawada lagu qabtay.

dhicin dagaalkii

laga bilaabo 8:00 Germany ayaa weeraray Midowga Soofiyeeti ee 1200 diyaaradaha Soviet waxaa lagu halligay, oo ay ku jiraan dhowr airfields dukaamo oo dhan. In qeybtii hore ee sanadka Luftwaffe heysatay Soviet. Diyaarado I-15, I-16 muhiimad u lumiya dambeeyay faashistihii "Messerschmidt" iyo "Junker". Mararka qaarkood xitaa on diyaarad ka weyn ay awoodaan in ay gaaraan guul ku aviaduelyah. Muddo bil ah diyaaradaha Ruush Halaagnay oo ku saabsan 1300 cutubyo hawada Jarmal.
Lix bilood ka dib, wax soo saarka diyaaradaha colaad ku dhawaad afar jeer ku dhacay. Waxaa xiran xaqiiqda ah in Jarmalka dhawaaday Moscow, iyo qasbay qaxidda ee goobaha wax soo saarka la taaban karo, taas oo ay soo saaraan qaybo for warshadaha duulista. Sidaa darteed, in 1941 qorshaha wax soo saarka ee nooc kasta oo diyaarad military la sameeyey by boqolkiiba 40 keli ah.

Iyada oo la bilaabay oo ka mid ah xaaladda shirkadaha daadgureeyay ayaa si weyn u soo hagaagtay, oo ay 1944 madaarada helay 100 gawaarida dagaalka ah maalin kasta. Casriyaynta helay gabi ahaanba dhan lagu daydo. Laga soo hagaagtay waa in ay bixiso Jak-3 a, LA-5, IL-10, PE-2, Jak-9.

heerarka koritaanka isha loogu hayn karo sannad ka sannad,

- 1942 - 25 400 baabuur.

- 1943 - 34 900 baabuur.

- 1944 - 40 300 baabuur.

By 1944 Midowga Soofiyeeti ka xoogbadanyahay in Nazi Germany in tirada diyaaradaha by 2.7 jeer. Mid ka mid ah qodob ahaa xawaaraha shirka. Qorshahaa waxa ka mid ah dagaalyahanada jiray ka badan ayaa heer hoose ka badan in ka mid ah soo saarayaasha Jarmal iyo American. Dabcan, mar walba ma tayada aviaproduktsii ahaa ay guushu ku warshadaha ee diyaaradaha Soviet.

diyaarad Ruush ee WWII. SS2

Mashiinka waxaa la sameeyey 1937 ee xafiiska design Tupolev ka madax Pavel Osipovich Sukhoi. Markii hore, diyaaradda waxaa loo yaqaan "u dhow-1 Qarax" oo la soo saaray iyadoo M-88 motor of 1100 hooras. Su-2 saaray saddex dhirta. Xawaaraha duulimaadka ee Su-2 - in ka badan 490 km / h iyo sare waa 6000 mitir. On guddiga loo qaaday 6 qoryaha darandooriga. SS2 load Qarax kala duwanaayeen.

SU-2 - mid ka mid ah qofkii ugu horeeyay galeen dagaalka. Waxa fuliya shaqooyin kala duwan. Waxaa markii danbe la casriyeeyay si SU-4.

Yak-9

Xarakada ah ka qayb dagaalkii labaad ee dunida, waa in ay bixiyaan model this. Xitaa haddii aan is barbar diyaaradaha photo Ruush ah Yak-9 leeyahay Attam bannaanka u gaar ah. Waxaa loo sameeyay 1942. saldhig u ahaa-Yak 7b. By bedelay qaybaha alwaax in aluminium ayaa si weyn u dhimay dagaalka miisaanka. hub ciidan The on board ka koobnaa a darandoorriga culus oo madfac ah. Diyaaradan ayaa lahaa tayada maaraynta fiican, si fiican maneuvered oo ahaa fududahay in la shaqeeyaan. Waxa uu sidoo kale ku guuleystay daydo hore ee xawaaraha ugu badan oo kala duwan. tilmaamayaashan ahaa rikoor ah oo dhan 1944, fasalka ka mid ah diyaaradaha. guryaha oo dhan, kuwaas oo u ogolaan la diyaaradda keenta ciidamada cadowga dagaalka hufan.
wax soo saarka diyaarad lagu qaaday dhowr sano ka dib dhamaadka colaadaha. Oo dadkii oo dhammu la sii daayay oo ku saabsan 16.800 gaadiidka millatariga ah in dhowr qeybood.