Difaaca Air ee Ukraine. difaaca hawada ee Ciidamada Qalabka Sida ee Ukraine

Waqtiga burburkii USSR ah, ciidamada Yukreeniyaan tiriyey mid difaaca hawada ciidanka (8-dii hal) iyo afar ciidammadoodu hawada, ay ka mid yihiin, waaxana ugu dambeeyay ee waqtiga nidaamka difaaca "S-300" dagaalka "Su-27" iyo "MiG-29". Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in muddo gaaban oo taariikhi ah, inta badan hubka iibin, takhalusin ama waa out of whack. Ogaaday muhiimadda haysashada ah ciidamada oo awood u leh, in xukuumaddu qaaday tiro ka mid ah go'aanada si loo xoojiyo ciidamada, gaar ahaan casriyeynta nidaamka difaaca hawada.

macluumaadka taariikhiga ah

By 1992, 8 ciidan oo kala duwan ka koobnaa lix dekadood oo waaweyn:

• 1-dii Air Difaaca Division (dPVO), Crimea.
• 9 dPVO, gobolka Poltava.
• 11 dPVO, bari ee dalka.
• 19 dPVO daboolay Kiev.
• 21aad dPVO, gobolka Odessa.
• 28 Air Difaaca Corps, galbeedka Ukraine.

kooxda injineernimada Radio salaysan in Kharkiv, Lviv, Sevastopol, Odessa iyo Vasilkov. Sannadkii 1992, ciidamada difaaca hawada ka koobnayd 132 guuto gantaalada lidka diyaaradaha mideysan 18 regiments iyo demisku. xeryahooda ayaa la dhameeyey oo kala firdhiyey si ay u daboolaan kalsoonaan karo xarumaha waaweyn ee warshadaha, ka madax banaan kasta oo kale.

Xaaladda ay ku sugan

20 sano oo difaaca Ukraine ka dib markii ay sii socoto ay yihiin ciidamo amaanaa, laakiin sababta oo ah tirada badan oo hub huriye awoodda difaaca si weyn u wiiqay. saldhigyada Radar, hadhay ka Midowga Soofiyeeti, weli laguu ogolaado in aad si aad u koontaroosho hawada. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, la'aanta ah ee dayactir iyo colaadaha ka jira koonfurta bari ee saameeyey hawlaha of tiro ka mid ah saldhigyada la socodka. Gaar ahaan, radar waxyeello Lugansk Avdeyevka, sababo cad laga badiyay saldhigyada gacanta Crimean.

By 2000 hore gacmo saaro nidaamka gantaal xoog badan laakiin dhacsan "C-75" iyo "C-125". Sannadkii 2013 waxa uu ahaa soo noqdo "Fiido" SAM "S-200" beddelka kala duwan. Qeybtu waxay final waxaa lagu kala diro SAM "S-200V" guutada 540-aad ee Lviv.

Waxa walaac gaar ah waa la'aanta ah ee lagu tababarayo ciidamada dawlada hawada military ee Ukraine. Tani ma aha dhaqanka ee toogashada wax ku ool ah ka dib markii la shilka fiilo diyaaradaha rakaabka ee 2001. % Ka mid ah shaqaalaha oo kaliya 10 ay leeyihiin xirfadaha toogashada.

rajada

Waqtigan xaadirka ah, difaaca hawada ee dalka uu leeyahay ma jirto nidaamka lidka diyaaradaha long-range. Marka la eego xaqiiqda, xukuumadda ayaa bartilmaameed u ah in 2016 si ay u bilaabaan casriyeynta oo baaxad weyn oo ka mid ah difaaca hawada, ay ka mid yihiin nidaamyada gantaalada difaaca hawada iyo saldhigyada radar.

Carqalada ugu weyn waa yaraanta ba'an ee lacagaha. Iibsashada hub casri ah difaaca hawada noqon doonaa mid aad u qaali ah ka wada-hawlgalayaasha Western. Intaa waxaa dheer, ay sabab u tahay ujeeddooyinka siyaasadeed dalalka shisheeye ee ha ku degdegin in la iibiyo hub-sax sare ee ciidanka Ukraine. wax soo saarka waxay noqon lahaa iibka ah ee qiime hoose laakiin nidaamka difaaca hawada la isku hallayn karo (oo ay ku jiraan mobile) ee Russia, laakiin xiisadda ka dhexaysa deriska hana u oggolaan in this.

Marka la eego yaraanta lacagaha, arrinta dib u soo celinta iyo hagaajinta nidaamka "C-200" oo ku soo laabtay dagaalka waajib. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, khubaro militari oo ka walaacsan la xidhiidhaan fikradda ah "reanimation" hubka huriye.

daawooyinka Air

difaaca Air ee Ukraine ayaa qaab maamulka cad. Ciidamada gantaalada lidka diyaaradaha iyo ciidamada radio-farsamo ayaa mas'uul ka ah hawlgalka nidaamyada radar iyo nidaamka hawada gantaalada difaaca, oo shaqadoodu tahay in ay ilaaliyaan hawada ee dalka. dhismayaasha Kuwanu waa ka dambeeyaan Ciidamada Cirka ee Ukraine.

Qaybo ka isticmaali VOP nidaamka gantaalaha gantaalaha "S-300PT" (NATO Qoondaynta SA-10a gunuunecina), "S-300V1" (SA-12a Gladiator), " C-300PS" (SA-10b gunuunecina), " Buck" (SA- 11 Getfly). Sida laga soo xigtay xogta laga helay ilo dadweynaha, waxaa jiray 11 cutub ee 2010, "S-300PS" iyo 16 halbeeg "S-300PT". khayraadka dhab horumariyo Recent. Khubarada qiyaaseen in 8 kaliya kooxihii "S-300PS" awood u waday on dagaalka ka dhawrsada.

Xaaladda A adag la siinaya hawada nidaamka difaaca baabba 'ka dhigan tahay. Air difaaca nidaamka gantaal "S-300" model dheer-5V55-of-nolosha, iyo in ay dalka ka mid ah wax soo saarka aan la aasaasay.

qalab la ogaado

In Ukraine, waxaa jira in ka badan 200 oo dhisme oo la xiriira difaaca hawada, iyo sidoo kale 76-hiilaadka kaabayaal ah. 36 yaqaan jagooyinka firfircoon oo aan firfircoonayn 106 gantaalaha lidka diyaaradaha.

Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah:

• qalabka digniinta hore: 36 bushimihiisa,.
• rakiban radar 36D6: 20;
• radar 64N6 ogaanshaha: 9;
• kala duwan oo tababar: 3.

Ku-simaha uga SAM:

• nidaamyada for "S-125": 2-booska;
• "P-200": 5;
• "S-300PS": 12;
• "S-300PT": 16;
• "C-300V1": 1.

Wax qabad la'aan (siyaado ah) uga SAM:

• Waayo, nidaamka "S-75": 58 jagooyinka;
• "2Q12" 1;
• "S-125": 16;
• "C-200": 11;
• "S-300P" 19.

hab digniinta hore

difaaca hawada ee Ukraine ayaa sameeyay habka digniinta ugu horayso. Waxay bixisaa naadi oo kala duwan oo ku yaalla dalka oo dhan. Mawaaqiftooda, sida caadiga ah, oo ka kooban hal ama ka badan noocyada kala duwan ee labada naadi digniinta ugu horayso, iyo sidoo kale nidaamka ogaanshaha iyo aqoonsiga-sare sare.

Waxaa jira 28 jagooyinka firfircoon digniin hore oo la 8 dheeraad ah (reserve), kuwaas oo loogu talagalay fidinta network ama dib u dejinta lacag haddii loo baahdo.

20 jagooyinka 36D6 (Tin Shield) radar iyo 8 jagooyinka radar 64N6 (Big Bird) waxay bixiyaan aqoonsiga bartilmaameed iyo hawlaha maareynta dagaal shabakadda difaaca hawada ee qaranka. Ciidamada siin dhul iyo cover hawada goobaha istiraatiijiga ah. Radar 64N6 36D6 iyo diyaarin si ay u bixiyaan caymiska siyaado ah. nidaamyada Kuwani waa inay awoodaan inay shiidaa oo dhan meel bannaan oo hawada ee Ukraine, iyo sidoo kale qaybo badan oo Madow iyo Azov ee Badaha xakameeyo.

SAM "S-200V"

nidaamka hub ciidan difaaca hawada ee Ukraine ka mid ah oo kala duwan oo kala duwan. Kaxeynayo "C-200" waa ugu long-range (ilaa 250 km) in ciidamada gantaalada lidka diyaaradaha Yukreeniyaan. Illaa dhowaan, 5 batari jira "C-200" loo xaqiijiyo badbaadinta dadka hawada ah ku dhowaad guud ahaan gobolka bari ee waddanka u dhexeeya Kharkiv iyo Luhansk ah. Ee la soo dhaafay 11 non-fulinta booska "C-200" sii, inkastoo ay u badan tahay in la isticmaalaa si loo waafajiyo qalabka socodka, sida "S-300PS." Qorshaha dawladda - soo noqon si aad u dalbato goobaha la casriyeeyay ee sano ee 2016-18, ay sabab u la'aanta ah ee ah kaxeynayo long-range kale.

Rasmi ah, Wasaaradda Difaaca ayaa sheegtay in isticmaalka "S-200V" gacan 250-kilomitir ah, laakiin helo diyaarad Ruushka ka badan Badda Madow sii daayay si khalad ah gantaalada "S-200" ee October 2001, waxaa laga yaabaa in tilmaamayaan in ay shaqeeyaan dhigay ee "P-200D" gacan 300 kiiloomitir.

SAM "S-300P"

Inkastoo nidaamka "S-200" qabto gacan weyn oo tallaabo, weli adag VOP "P-300P" waa kuwa ugu badan oo awood u leh. Waxqabadyada waa taxane ah oo 27 darfaha "S-300P" 16 bateriga ku qalabeysan yahay nidaamka "S-300PT", iyo 12 - nidaamyada "S-300P".

Rakibaadda la geeyay si ay u ilaaliyaan goobaha siyaasadda, milatariga iyo warshadaha ugu muhiimsan ee dalka. Dnepropetrovsk, Kiev, Kharkov, Odessa ilaaliyo by aan ka yarayn 6 baytariyada kasta, Nikolaev (oo hore Sevastopol) - ugu yaraan 5 darfahoodii. Dhowr kaxeynayo dabooli soohdinta galbeedna.

batteriga si buuxda u qalabaysan SAM "S-300PT" 12 rido, halka batteriga si buuxda loo qalabeeyey SAM "S-300PS" ayaa 8 rido. batari kasta oo ku qalabeysan yahay 5N63 ama radar 5N63S iyo radar lagu ogaanayo bartilmaameed duulaya 5N66 yar ama 5N66M. nidaamyada radar Labada guud ahaan ay isticmaalaan kooxda taxane 40V6 ay daqal.

caasimada, Kiev - meesha kaliya oo weli la ilaaliyo by go'an dhamaystiran oo batari taxanaha "S-300P". All 6 waxyaabaha sii dhaqan, isticmaalaan 4 "S-300PT", iyo laba - "S-300PS." Kooxaha militeriga iyo difaaca hawada dabooli Kharkov ( "S-300PT"), Odessa ( "S-300PS") iyo Nikolaev ( "S-300PT") - saddexdan promtsentry ilaaliyo by baytariyada kasta. Dnepropetrovsk ilaaliya afar batari ku shaqeeya "S-300PT".

nidaamka difaaca hawada taatikada

Waxaa jira laba hababka nidaamka gantaalada difaaca hawada xeelad, kuwaas oo loo qoro shabakada difaaca hawada Ukraine. APU isticmaalo nidaamka "BUK" 9K37 iyo "C-300V1". Qaar ka mid ah hababka kuwaas ku xiran yahay ciidamada difaaca hawada, iyo qaar ka mid ah - hubka kale ee dagaalka. nidaamyada Mobile waxaa loogu talagalay si ay u dedaan walxaha warshadaha, bulshada iyo siyaasadda istiraatiiji ah, koox ciidan.

Sidda ay sheegayaa in ciidamada loo isticmaalo xulashada "BUK-M", iyo Ciidamada Cirka ee Ukraine isticmaalo "BUK-M1". Wasaaradda Difaaca ayaa sidoo kale ku dooday in ciidamada isticmaalaa badalaada ka mid ah "C-300V1" (Gladiator), isagoo farta ku fiiqaya in xaqiiqda ah in Ukraine ma laha nidaamka "S-300V2" (Giant), ay awoodaan in ay gantaalo ballistic lagu soo rido.

aagga caymiska

network SAM Yukreeniyaan waxaa laga dhaxlaa Midowga Soofiyeeti. ilaalinta Air macnaheedu diyaarin si ay u ilaaliyaan xarumaha muhiimka ah ee dadka iyo gobollada juqraafi. The ugu dadku ku daboolay magaalada Kiev, ay kooxahaasi warshadaha muhiimka ah ee xarunta of Dnipropetrovsk, Kharkiv, Mykolaiv iyo Odessa. Qayb ka mid ah baytariyada la kala firdhiyey guud ahaan dalka.

Sida laga soo xigtay Guud ee, dalka mar dambe hanjabo dagaal ka dhan ah NATO, siday u kala horreeyaan, ciidamada Yukreeniyaan ayaa hoos u dhigtay tirada of nidaamka diyaaradaha iyo SAM. Inkastoo network difaaca hawada waxaa si weyn hoos u dhacay tan iyo markii size burburkii USSR ah, Ukraine ayaa wali ku filan u qalabeysan ay isku difaacaan weerar hawada.

Iyo xeeladaha

qalabka Mobile sida "S-300PS", "BUK" iyo "C-300V1" awoodaan inay u dhaqmaan halkaas oo loo baahan yahay ay - shiidaa meel kasta oo dalka ka. nidaamyada radar iyo lidka diyaaradaha-baxyada 64N6 36D6 bixiyaan taageero maamulka dagaalka, iyo dejinta gool, wax dhib ah maleh yihiin meesha ay ku yaalaan, mahad shabakad balaadhan oo ah digniinta ugu horayso. Tan iyo SAM "S-300PS", inta badan ku yaal on site diyaarsan, network weyn ee goobaha aan firfircooneyn iyo qaab-dhismeedka jira jagooyinka muhiimka ah ee meelaynta nidaamyada gantaal. In Ukraine, in ka badan 100 firfircoonayn (siyaado ah) boos SAM gaadmada ah oo kala duwan.

iman kara qaarkood waxay leeyihiin tusaalayaal. Iyadoo "C-200" ha ku rakibin si aad u wanaagsan si ay u weeraraan diirada maneuverable, si Qarsoon, ama low-duulaya, habka looga hortagi karaa CIA ama diyaarad military kale badan oo u dhaw in ay hawada ee Ukraine. Waxaa laga yaabaa in tani ay tahay sabab ay ugu soo laabtaan filayo on waajib ka dib markii beddelka qaarkood. Xad qori-SAM 70s "S-300PT 'qorshe u gaar ah ciidamada halkaas.

horumarinta dheeraad ah

Waayo, 2016-2017 qorsheeyay casriyeynta ee difaaca hawada Ukraine ee. Systems of "P-200" iyo "C-300PS" u baahan doontaa bedelka ee 2016-2020. Xataa iyada oo la tixgelinayo nolosha adeega, maalmo wanaagsan "S-300PS" iyo "C-200" tagay. Sababo la horumarinta joogta ah xeeladaha ECM (countermeasures electronic), Sead / DEAD (dagaalanka difaaca hawada cadowga), iyo arrimo kale oo data SAM muu buuxin ruuxa wakhtiyada.

Mashruuca ayaa ah dejinta ee qanjidhada shaqsi / hub u kaxeynayo jir ah, iyo sidoo kale la abuuro wax soo saarka adiga kuu gaar ah la isticmaalayo qaybaha shirkadaha Yukreeniyaan iyo la-hawlgalayaasheeda shisheeye.

nidaamyada radar

Ukraine - mid ka mid ah soo saarayaasha yar ee dunida, horumarisa oo soo saarta radar ee loop a xidhan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tirada ugu badan ee qalabka iyo hubka ciidanka Ukraine waxaa wakiil daydo dhacsan. In kiiska ugu fiican - casriyeeyey. hubka electronic Park ka kooban waydaarsanayeen radar tirintii farcankii baarka Nuurre Aw in qalabaynta maamulka dhismaha iyo macluumaad radar-socodka.

Sida ay sheegayaan qiyaasaha ee Ukraine, iyadoo lacagta loo qoondeeyay by APU ee 2016, qiimaha weyn waxaa loogu talagalay difaaca hawada. Waxaa la qorsheeyey in ay soo iibsadaan 28 saldhigyada radar iyo in la gaarsiiyo lix halbeeg. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, baahida loo qabo in ciidamada qalabka sida ee radar cusub oo la casriyeeyay oo badan oo dheeraad ah ku saabsan yahay laba boqol oo xabbadood. Dhab ahaantii, taariikhda, gobolka nidaamka difaaca, gaar ahaan lidka diyaaradaha gantaalada iyo radar ciidamada radar, ka baxo rajo fiican ka. Oo waa ka dhanka ah asalka ah ee xaqiiqda ah in in Ukraine ayaa saarayaasha gaar ah kuwaas oo ay awoodaan in ay bixiyaan xal ay sare u gaar ah la socodka hawada guriga.

Si aad u taariikhda, ciidamada ka tagay tiro badan oo radar P-18, R-18MA (P-19MA). Thanks to NGO "Aerotekhnika" ayuu vs. "Ukrspetstekhnika" dhirta, kuwaas oo ma aha oo kaliya ku hadhay oo safafka, laakiin waxaa casriyeeyey. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa jira cusub.

Radar "Malachite"

ciidanka Yukreeniyaan New ugu baahan yihiin radar casri ah, sida "Malachite". Nidaamkan waxaa loo yaqaan casriyeynta ee saldhigga Soviet P-18, laakiin siyaabo badan waa kuwo ku kala duwan ka horreeyay. Khubarada HC "Ukrspetstekhnika" sameeyey isbedelkaas degdega ah, iyo maanta waa idaacad cusub. The "Malachite" processing signal digital la fuliyo, isku darka la qalabaynta casriga ah waxaa la ogaaday difaac, aagga la ogaado proximal hoos 2.5 km, jiirada kor u of qaraabo antenna si booska siman ee + 15 / -15 digrii gudahood, iyo wixii la mid ah. D. "Malachite" ayaa kala duwan oo la ogaado ilaa 400 km, in uu yahay, saldhiga ogaadaa iyo raad diirada aad u fiican oo ka fog badan radar kasta oo ka hawlgala haatan ee Ukraine.

Features ee dhismaha ayaa si togan u qiimeeyey by Wasaaradda Difaaca Yukreeniyaan ah. Sidaas darteed, saldhigga radar la saarin oo kaliya geli jiray, laakiin sidoo kale in ay ku riday ciidamada. Sida laga soo xigtay maamulka ee shirkadda "Ukrspetstekhnika", sida of April 2015 Ciidamada oo ku saabsan a darsin radar "Malachite" maray.

saldhigyada Part kala qaado badmaax Yukreeniyaan ka shaqeeya nidaamkan in xaalado kale oo dusha dahsoon, oo kala duwan ka Soviet P-18 ah. Ka socda xaaladaha badda muujisay in idaacadda si guul furfuraya dhibaatada raad diirada hawada sifooyinka ay gudahood, iyo sidoo kale diirada u saaran dusha ee khadka hortiisa. Taasi waa, zone 12-mile, taas oo ka yar yahay ragga baxriyiinta ah xeel dheer, "Malachite" radar si xor ah ay gacanta ku.

Radar "MP-1"

saldhiga New radar kala duwan oo mitir isagoo ku calaamadeysan "MP-1", hadda abuuray SPC "ololka." Samaynta fuliyey dhammaan guulihii ugu dambeeyay oo fikirka sayniska, loogu talagalay dheellitir qiimaha of technology qarsoodi (qarsoodi).

"MP-1" waxaa loogu talagalay nolosha batteriga, iyo sidoo kale qalliin ee gobolka AMS Ukraine ee gacanta hawada difaaca. Radar lagu ogaan karaa, track oo qiyaas azimuth, kala duwan, height of bartilmaameedka, inkastoo saameynta ay faragelin.

Faa'iida ee saldhigga hore ahaa baahida loo qabo in rakibi unugyada gaadiidka dheeraad ah matoor marawaxadaha oo kala duwan oo bixiya nidaamka awood. Sidaas darteed, radar ku salaysan 3-4 mashiinada. Idaacadda cusub "Minsk-1" wuxuu u baahan yahay oo keliya hal unugga gaadiidka. qalabka oo dhan waxaa la dhigayaa on jiifku ee KrAZ.

In xaaladaha dagaal oo casri ah loo baahan yahay si loo hubiyo in dhaqdhaqaaqa sare ee saldhigga. 5-10 daqiiqo oo shaqo ka dib markii aad u baahan tahay inay u guuraan radar in ay meel cusub. In shuqullada "MG-1" operator, aan ka tago cab baabuurka, gacanta ku hayso hawlgalka, by logu soo bandhigay xaaladda hawada. Idaacadda ayaa diyaar u ah isgaarsiinta raadiyaha qaab digital, si toos ah u gudbiya xaaladda gaadiidka amarka difaaca hawada iyo xarumaha ay gacanta nooca NE ah IP-15 ama IP-12 ah. Intaa waxaa dheer, saldhigga "Minsk-1" waa ay awoodaan in ay ilaa xad si sax ah loo cabbiro height of ujeedooyinka samaynta nidaamka of 3-duwo. kala duwan hawlgalka xarkaha waa 400 km. Mashruucan ayaa ku jira horumarinta.

"Cantalyaaga" radar

Saddex-station 79K6 view wareeg ah (version dhoofinta - 80K6) "cantalyaaga" waxay bilaabeen inay in la horumariyo 1992 by SPC "Spark". Kaliya ee 2007 radar qaatay APU ah. qalabka oo dhan waxaa la dhigayaa on radar qaybta gaadiidka ah.

Muuqashada in radar ciidanka Yukreeniyaan 79K6 ogol yahay in ay iskooda u codsan ah guuto gantaalada lidka diyaaradaha "S-300PT / PS". Intaas waxaa sii dheer, waxaa suurtagal ah si ay u isticmaalaan qaab dhismeedka guutada 79K6 (6 kooxihii). Waayo, sifooyinka xeelad iyo farsamo weyn ee 80K6 radar waa heerka ugu of analogues shisheeye, oo ay ku kacayso ugu yaraan laba jeer ka hooseeya tartanka. kala duwan oo ogaanshaha ugu badnaan "cantalyaaga" Hadafkayagu waa 400 km. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, at 3-5 m ² EPR bartilmaameedyada kala duwan la ogaado on sare duulimaadka ee 100 m waa 40 km, at sare ah ee 1000 m - 110 km, at sare ah ee 10-30 km - 300-350 km.

Si qalabaynta ciidamada oo wata qalabkii radar casriga ah iyo nidaamka difaaca hawada hadda arrin khuseeya. Tani waxay fursad si ay u ilaaliyaan maamulka hawada ee Ukraine iyo siin amarka warshadaha ee qoyska.