Dhaqanka Ruush ee qeybtii hore ee qarnigii 19 (gaaban)

dhaqanka Ruush ee qeybtii hore ee qarnigii 19 - guul muhiim ah in horumarinta qiyamka ruuxiga ah iyo moral ee bulshada Ruush. Waxaa la yaab leh waxa qiyaasta la ansixiyay habka hal abuur, si qoto dheer ee ay ka kooban tahay iyo qaninimada. Waayo, nus qarni ah bulshada dhaqanka ayaa soo sara kacay heerka cusub, wajiyo badan, polyphonic, gaar.

asal DULUCDA iyo horumarinta dhaqanka oo ka mid ah "da'da oo dahab ah"

horumarinta dhaqanka Ruush ee qeybtii hore ee qarnigii 19 ahaa ay sabab u tahay heerka sare ee danaha qaranka. waxbarashada Humanitarian soo laabtay Catherine II bilaabay, dar dar geliyay horumarinta waxbarashada, furitaanka hannaanka ka mid ah hay'adaha waxbarashada iyo awood-siinta aqoonta cusub.

Riixay xuduudaha State kaas oo waxaa jiray oo ku saabsan 165 wadan oo kala duwan la caadooyinka iyo maskax. Sii-dhaqan uu ka horreeyay, hageyaasha cusub iyo discoverers.

Ruush Faransiis-War of 1812 saamayn formation of fikradaha waddani, qiimaha moral dadka Ruush. dhaqanka Art of Russia ee qeybtii hore ee qarnigii 19, jiitay xiisaha miyir qaran tiirar adag ee bulshada.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xaaladda siyaasadeed ee dalka ma siin xorriyadda dhameystiran si ay u hirgeliyaan dhammaan fikradaha ee farshaxanka. fallaago ah ee Decembrists iyo hawlaha Ururada qarsoodiga ah ayaa lagu qasbay boqorada Ruush looga hortago mudida fikrado horumarsan gudbikaraa kasta oo dhaqanka.

sayniska

Horumarinta Waxbarashada Dadweynaha aqoonsan dhaqan of Russia ee qeybtii hore ee qarnigii 19. Si kooban u la odhan karaa waa ku jirio. Dhinaca mid, in la furo dugsiyo cusub, oo dhinaca kale ah - ayaa la soo bandhigay tallaabooyin faafreebka adag, tusaale ahaan, la baabiiyo casharada falsafada. Intaa waxaa dheer, jaamacadaha iyo dugsiyada naxwaha ahaayeen joogto ah iyada oo ay kormeerayaan adag oo ka mid ah Wasaaradda Waxbarashada.

Iyadoo ay taasi jirto, dhaqanka Ruush ee qeybtii hore ee qarnigii 19 waxaa lagu gartaa u boodboodi weyn ee horumarinta sayniska.

Biology iyo Medicine

Ururtay in bilowgii qarnigii 19aad, wax ka mid ah dhirta iyo ugaarta u baahan colka wararka iyo horumarinta aragtiyo cusub. Sameeyo naturalists Ruush KM Baer, IA Dvigubsky, IE Dyadkovsky.

ururinta qani ku ah dhirta iyo xayawaanka ayaa la soo ururiyay oo dunida ku baahsan. Oo 1812 ahaa furitaanka Garden Botanical ee Crimea.

qaaraan A weyn horumarinta dawo bandhigay NI Naan. Thanks to shuqulkiisa daniiste dunida ogaaday in qaliin a beerta military.

Cilmi dhul iyo xiddigaha

Tan iyo bilowgii qarnigii sugayay in baalashooda, iyo cilmi dhul ah. Its horumarinta ayaa isku duubay oo dhan dalalkan oo Ruush.

guusha A weyn ahaa nuqulkii hore ee map ugu horeysay ee dhulka reer Russia ee 1840. Anigaa samaystay saynisyahan cilmi NI a Koksharov.

Xiddigaha dalbadeen qiimeyn buuxda oo adag iyo indha indheyn. Waxay qaadatay waqti badan. Geedi socodka aad bay u diirsaday markii Observatory Pulkovo waxay ku sii dhisnaatay 1839.

Xisaabta iyo Physics

In xisaabta, waxay kaloo sameeyeen daahfurtay miisaanka caalamka. Sidaas daraaddeed, NI Lobachevsky noqday caan ku tahay inuu "geometry non-Euclidean." PL Chebyshev cadaato sharciga tiro badan, iyo MV Ostrogradsky ku hawlan Farsamoyaqaan gorfaynta iyo kuwa samadu.

Qeybtii hore ee qarnigii 19aad waxaa loo yeedhi karaa physics waqti dahab ah, tan iyo markii ugu horeysay ee telegaraafka electromagnetic (Schilling PL), natiijada laga heli by waayo-aragnimo korontada iftiiminta (V. Petrov) abuurtay electromotor waxaa la abuuray (Lenz cuneyso).

naqshadaha

dhaqanka Art of Russia ee qeybtii hore ee qarnigii 19, jiitay dadweynaha badan. The feature ugu muhiimsan ee ay horumarka ahaa isbedelka deg deg ah ee Hababka, iyo sidoo kale ay isku jira.

Naqshadaha si classicism ee 1840s boqor ku ahaa. style Empire waxaa laga heli karaa noocyo kala duwan oo ka mid ah dhismayaasha labadii taaj, iyo sidoo kale xarumaha badan gobolka, hore magaalo gobolka.

Waayo, mudadaas waxa lagu gartaa dhismaha ensembles naqshadda. Tusaale ahaan, ka Square Tiyaatarka Moscow ama St. Petersburg Senate.

wakiilada caan of style this ku abuuray dhaqanka of Russia ee qeybtii hore ee qarnigii 19. Architecture muujiyay in qoraalladii AD Zakharova, Ki Rossi, DI Gilardi, OI Beauvais.

Empire lagu badalay style Ruush-Byzantine, taas oo Masiix oo Badbaadiyeheenna ah Cathedral, maqsinka (naqshada ka Ton) waxaa la dhisay.

rinjiyeynta

Waayo, muddo this farshaxanka waxa lagu gartaa xiiso in qofka shakhsiga ah celcelis ahaan. Artists ka style kitaabiga ah iyo mythological dhaqanka iska dhaqaaqin.

Classicism in ranjiyeynta ahaa wakiil Karlom Bryullovym, kuwaas oo in farshaxankiisa muujiyeen geesinimo ah, sharafta iyo weynaanta ninka caadiga ah. The ugu caansan shuqulladiisa - waa "The Days Last of lana kulmay," "rakaabka ahaa", "Is-sawirka", iwm

Masiirka naxdinta rinjiile A. weyn A. Ivanova ah, shaqo weyn qoraaga, "Imaanshaha The Masiixa si dadka." waxa kor ku xusan, waxa uu ka shaqeeyay muddo ka badan 20 sano. Oo wuxuu dhintay, marna og waxa ku dhacay liibaanta cajiib ah in rinjiyeynta this.

The salaysan xaqiiqo saaray P. A. Fedotov, kuwaas oo, la farshaxankiisa ku sifayn uu la kudhegaas content bulshada ee bulshada. Qof walba waa ogaa in uu "cavalier Fresh" ama "raadineysay kooxda Major".

farshaxan

dhaqanka Ruush ee qeybtii hore ee qarnigii 19 horumariyo sarkhaansan yihiin dagaalka ee la soo dhaafay ee 1812 ka dhan ah Napoleon. Saameeyeen this, iyo farshaxan. Taalladaas caan ah si Minin iyo Pozharsky, taagan on Square Cas, artist IP ah Martos farshaxan ku dhex jira dagaalka.

Horumarinta ee Ruush farshaxan taariikhi ay noqon lahaayeen kuwa aan macquul ahayn oo aan FF ah Shchedrin, kuwaas oo caryatids soo jiidaan dhismaha Admiralty ah.

Ka mid ah sculptors kale oo caan ah waqtiga ahaayeen II Terebenev ( "Battle of Poltava"), VI Demuth-Malinovsky, bi Orlowski (malaa'igta tiradaasi on column Alexander ah), iwm

music

saameyn weyn ee la soo dhaafay soo maray geesinimada dhaqanka of Russia ee qeybtii hore ee qarnigii 19. Music uu maray saameynta ay u eeg yihiin dad, iyo sidoo kale arrimaha qaranka. isbeddellada waxay ka tarjumayaan opera "Ivan Susanin" ka Kavos, AA wax soo saarka Alyabiev, AE Varlamov.

MI Glinka qabsadeen meel dhexe ku dhex composers ah. Waxaa ansixiyey dhaqan cusub oo aan horay loo arag furay ka hor inta uusan ku sifayn this. opera The "Life A for Tsar ah" si buuxda u tarjumaysaa nuxurka oo dhan hal-abuurka muusikiiste ee.

dhaqanka Ruush ee qeybtii hore ee qarnigii 19 siiyey kor u qaada weli laxamiistaha kale cajiib ah, kuwaas oo soo bandhigay sifayn music of riwaayadaha nafsi ah. Waxaa AS "Gabareeymaanyo" Dargomyzhsky iyo opera weyn.

tiyaatarka

Tiyaatarka Ruush albaabka iga furo in male, shiidaa ka tagis qaab grand in qaab classical. Hadda waxaa la Dadwaynaha sababaha ka taataabtay, goob naxdinta lahaa cayaarta.

Mid ka mid ah wakiilada ugu caansan deegaanka masrixiyada ku ahaa PS Mochalov, kan sameeyaa doorka Hamlet iyo Ferdinand (Shakespeare).

reformer Ruush of jilitaanka, MS Shchepkin ka serfs yimid. Waxa uu gudbiyay fikrad cusub, kuwaas oo ay door jeclaa iyo Moscow tiyaatarka Small ahaa iyadaa ugu caansan ka mid ah daawadayaal ah.

style macquul ah in masraxa la geeyey oo ku saabsan, shuqullada AS Pushkin AS Griboyedov.

suugaanta

Dhibaatooyinka bulshada ee ugu muhiim ah ka tarjumaya dhaqanka of Russia ee qeybtii hore ee qarnigii 19. Suugaanta xoogaystay aqoonsiga qaranka, ku tilmaamayaa in la soo dhaafay taariikhiga ah ee dalka. Tusaale ahaan of this waa hawl hal abuur leh ee nm Karamzin.

Nasjonalromantiske suugaanta ku soo bandhigay by xubno sida VA Zhukovsky, AI Odoyevski, hore AS Pushkin. Marxaladda dambe ee Pushkin - waa xaqiiqo. "Boris Godunov", "The Captain ee Gabadhay", "The Maarta ah fardooley" Isasaaray jihada this. Intaa waxaa dheer, United Lermontov abuuray a "Hero of Our Time", taas oo ah tusaale aad u wanaagsan suugaanta xaqiiqo.

xaqiiqo Halis noqday ku saleysan hal abuurka, NV Gogol ( "jubbad dheer ayaa," "Isbatooraha").

Waxaa ka mid ah xubnaha kale ee suugaanta in saamayn ay formation, waxaa loogu yeedhi karaa AN ah Ostrowski, la riwaayadaha ay si aan caadi ahayn macquul, WAA Turgenev, kuwaas oo u hibeeyeen ilaa ay theme ee dalka tuulada iyo nooca uu dareenka, iyo sidoo kale DV Grigorovich.

Suugaanta waxey kaalin muhiim ah horumarinta dhaqan ee Russia. Qeybtii hore ee qarnigii 19aad waxaa lagu gartaa formation of afka casriga ah suugaanta si uu u bedelo luuqadda culus oo ornate of 18 qarnigii. shaqada ee qorayaasha iyo gabayaaga muddada intaasu waxay ahayd muhiim ah iyo saameynta uu ku leeyahay horumarinta dheeraad ah ma aha oo kaliya Ruush, laakiin sidoo kale dhaqanka dunida.

Kaas oo lagu daro iyo fikiro shuqullada ilbaxnimooyinka Ruush iyo Yurub, dhaqanka of Russia ee qeybtii hore ee qarnigii 19-kii abuuray aasaas adag u tahay horumarka wanaagsan ee sayniska iyo farshaxanka mustaqbalka.