Crimea ee goysiga si Russia hoos Catherine 2: Taariikhda

In 1475 oo qayb ka ah guud ahaan xeebaha iyo buuraleyda ah ee Crimea la LABAGEEDI by Boqortooyadii Cismaaniyadda. Marka la eego in inta kale ee Jasiiradda iska Crimean Khanate ah, kaas oo noqday intii saddex sannadood ah ay wiilkaagiiba, si fiican-la aasaasay Xusuuso taariikhiga ah ee Badda Madow sida "gudubno gudaha Turkish", kan waa, in nuxurka, waa saddexda qarniyo soo socda. Marka tan la eego, goysiga Crimea ee ku Russia hoos Catherine 2 buuxiyaan shuruudaha ugu degdegsan ee siyaasadda Ruush shisheeye xilliga.

Lagama maarmaan u sheegaya by nolosha

Ka dib markii dayrta ee Horde Golden si Russia iyadoo si gaar hawsha acuteness ahayd in la soo celiyo helaan Badda Madow, taas oo jirtay inta lagu jiro mudada of Kievan rus oo xiran in ay la aasaaso harqood Tatar-Mongol. Samee waxaa lagama maarmaan ugu horreeya oo dhan in danaha dhaqaale ahaa, sidii iyagoo maraya Badda Madow ahaayeen dariiqyada ganacsi oo muhiim ah in dalalka Mediterranean.

Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa lagama maarmaan ahayd in la burburiyo Krymskoe Hanstvo ah, kuwaas oo dhulka for dhowr qarniyo laleh loogu talagalay ahayd in lagu soo qabto addoomo iyo sale dheeraad ah ee Constantinople. Sida laga soo xigtay xisaabaha saynisyahano, in ka badan 300 sano ka hor goysiga ah ee Crimea ay u Russia hoos Catherine 2, suuqyada addoon of Turkey u diray ugu yaraan 3 milyan oo qof.

The isku dayga ugu horeeya si ay u xaliyaan dhibaatooyinka Crimean ah

Isku day in hanashada Crimean sameeyey si joogta ah. Waxaa ugu Filan in yeeran ololaha ee Peter aan ku 1696-1698 sannad xisaabeedka. inkastoo dhammaatay qabashada qalcadda ee Azov, laakiin go'aansaday in arrimaha oo dhan Badda Madow. In boqortooyada Anny Ioannovny ciidamada Ruush laba jeer victoriously galeen Jasiiradda: in 1735 under amarka B. H. Miniha, iyo afar sano ka dib ─ Field Marshal P. P. Lassi. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, labada jeerna waxaa ku qasbay in ay taabacsaneyn sabab la'aanta ah ee sahayda iyo cudurro dillaaca ka qarxay madaxda sare ee ciidamada.

fursad A dhabta ah si ay u fuliyaan qabashada ee Crimean muuqday hal mar oo kaliya in qeybtii labaad ee qarnigii XVIII ah, Russia New la sameeyay, taas oo ka mid ah meelaha badan ee Northern Badda Madow, kuna lifaaqan Russia inta lagu guda jiro dagaalladii Ruush-Turkish. Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in laga soo bilaabay taariikhda ah ee badhkood of Crimean in Russia by Catherine 2. Isticmaalka New Russia sida goobtii ah horumarka dheeraad ah, guud ahaan-Taliyaha ciidamada VM Dolgoruky ee 1771, ayaa u suurtogashay in ay jebiyaan oo iska caabin ah oo ka mid ah daafacyada of Crimean iyo si loo adkeeyo xuduudaha ay gudahood.

Independent Krymskoe Hanstvo

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ku darsanka ee Crimean in Russia hoos Catherine 2, si kooban hoos ku qeexan, waxaa ka hormarey talaabo kale oo aad u muhiim ah, kaas oo loo Yeedhiyaa by baahida loo qabo in tiro ka mid ah xaaladaha siyaasadeed iyo ciidan ee ka dambeeya waqtiga. Natiijo of guusha hubka Ruushka ee dagaalka kula Turkey la saxiixay 1772 heshiis Karasubazarskogo, ku dhawaaqay Khanate madax banaan ee Crimean, waa hoos bacdi reer Russia.

Waxaa buuxiya in laba sano dagaal Ruush-Turkish calaamadeeyay soo afjarmay xukunkii urub ee Jasiiradda iyo furay Russia in ay Badda Madow helaan dheer la sugayay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, guulaha ay ahaayeen oo kaliya bar-qiyaas iyo ma la oran karo waa sida go'aanka kama dambaysta ah ee arrintan Crimean ah.

khilaafka siyaasadeed iyo ciidan la Turkey

Sida laga arki karo ka daba-Catherine 2, isagoo xornimada ka Crimean Khanate urub Empire gaadhay, iyadu ma tago fikirka uu goysiga in uu hantidiisa. Tani waxay la kulmay danaha Russia, maxaa yeelay, Jasiiradda lahaa muhiimadda ay leedahay dhaqaale iyo military-siyaasadeed oo muhiim u ah dalka oo dhan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Turkey ahaa mid aad u xiiso dib u soo celinta ee ay heystaan ee Crimean ah. Labada dhinacyada dagaalamaya ayaa sameeyey dadaal weyn si loo gaaro himilooyinka la doonayo, iyo sabab this halgan u dhexeeya Boqortooyadii Cismaaniyadda iyo Russia wakhtigaas ma wiiqi.

In November 1776 jirka ah ee Sarreeye guud A. A. Prozorovskogo galaya Crimean ah, waxay kor u qaadeen boosaska daafaca at Perekop. Si uu gargaar ka Moscow haddiiba Division hoos A. ku V. Suvorova yimid. dadaalka wadajirka ah waxay ku guulaysteen in ay jebiyaan iska caabin ah oo ka mid ah Ciidamada ka mid ah Crimean Khan Giray Davlet iyo isaga ku qasbaan in ay qaataan ka magangal Bakhchisarai ah, ka dibna si Constantinople carari. In uu meel ayaa la doortay, oo taliye cusub Shahin Giray, oo noqday ee la soo dhaafay ee taariikhda Khan Crimean ah.

Tatar khan, fekerayo in Yurub a

doorashada qofka this fududeeyey badhkood of Crimean in Russia inta badan by Catherine 2. Si ka duwan ka horreeyay uu, wuxuu ahaa nin ka mid ah habka aad u European fikirka. Ka dib tababar Venice iyo Thessaloniki, Shahin Giray dhowr luqadood oo shisheeye, xeerarka waxaa lagu kuma koobna caadooyinkii Tatar gudahood.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, isku dayaysa in ay u beddesho nidaamka ciidamada, maamulka iyo dhaqaalaha Khanate hab Yurub keentay in lagu qanacsanayn ee dadka deegaanka iyo Gardarro furan, taas oo aysan awoodin in ay kaliya lagu cabudhinayo iyadoo la kaashanayo bayonets Ruush. Doorka muhim in isku dhacu ciyaaray magacaabayo tiir kasta oo ah taliyaha ciidamada oo dhan Crimean A. V. Suvorova.

waddanka u soo guurey Crimean

Qaybintii dhulka oo dhan oo ka mid ah jasiiradda 4 degmo oo dhulka iyo kaalinta in Guryahoodu wax ka qabsadeen rugo badan, uu ka furteen labada Turkiga iyo taageerayaashooda ka abtirsan deegaanka fursado la soo dhaafay in ay saameyn ku nolol hoose oo Crimean ah. Waxa ay ahayd tallaabo muhiim ah xagga badhkood of Crimea inay Russia ka yar Catherine 2.

Kii u horreeyey ayaa ka mid ah dadka deggan jasiiradda hoostiisa usha reer Empress of Russia dhaqaaqay oo u guuray goobaha cusub ee wakiilada ay dadweynaha Christian ─ Georgians, Armenians iyo Gariigba. Waxay ahaayeen deeqday dalka afka Danube iyo xeebta Badda Azov ah. Inta lagu jiro guga iyo xagaaga ee 1778 ka Crimean ah ayaa ka tagay 31 kun. Man, oo ka dhigay in dharbaaxo daran khasnaddii khan ayaa, sababtoo ah dadkani ay yihiin qayb ka mid ah dhaqaale ahaan ugu firfircoon dadweynaha.

Report inay G. Prince A. Potomkina

In 1781, Turkigu waxay ka xanaajiyeen kacdoonkii kale oo dadka deegaanka, amar ku qanacsanayn, bandhigay Shahin Giray, iyo mar kale lahaa in ay nabadeeyaan mucaaradka in ay ciidamada Ruush, markan hoos amarkii uu degan Sarreeyayaal Prince G. A. Potomkina.

In uu warbixin uu Weynaha, ayuu qoray in, sida laga soo xigtay galku uu, tirada ugu badan ee dadka deegaanka waxa ay tilmaamaysaa aad u colaadeed Shahin Giray iyo jeclaan lahaa in ay hoos Maxmiyadda Ruush. Waxaa sugan, tacliiq this Potemkin ayaa door ee badhkood of Crimean ah in Russia hoos Catherine 2.

is The, go'aansaday in qaddar ee Crimea

In siyaasi aad u fog-arkay, G. A. Potomkin fahamsan yahay baahida loo qabo mid noqoshada ee Crimea inay Empire Ruush ah, haddii kale dhulkeeda laga yaabaa inuu noqdo goobtii a haboon weerarro mustaqbalka on qayb ka mid ah Boqortooyadii Cismaaniyadda. Waxa kale oo ay ahayd qiimaha dhaqaale arrin cad oo ka mid ah dalalkan oo barwaaqaysan ee dhaqaalaha Crimean for Badda Madow Northern oo dhan. Ugu dambayntiina, waxa ay dhameystirtay lahaa ballaarinta of Russia ee koonfurta xuduudaha dabiiciga ah. Aragtidiisa degan Sarreeyayaal Prince ku xusan si faahfaahsan ee is bishii December 1782 ay iyaga u dirtay in Emperor ah.

Markaan dib u eegay dukumentiyada ay heleen, Empress ee uu reply siiyey awoodaha iyada jecel ballaadhan si ay u hirgeliyaan uuraysatay oo ansixiyay iyada mashruuca. Sayidka, badhkood of Crimea inay Russia ka yar Catherine 2 (sannadka 1783), doorka muhiimka ah waxaa iska leh Prince Grigoriyu Aleksandrovichu Potomkinu, taas oo uu la siiyey horyaalka ee Tauride ah (Tavriya ─ waa magaca hore ee Crimean ah).

Diyaarinta dhacdooyinka taariikhiga ah

Taariikhda ee badhkood of Crimean in Russia by Catherine 2 waa in la tixgeliyaa sida 8 (19) bishii April 1783, markii manifesto KT dhiganta la saxeexay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, wakhtigaas, iyadu amartay in ay sii qarsoodi ah ilaa iyo inta uu kala guurka ah ee jasiiradda oo dhan dadka ay hoos usha Ruush uma ay noqon doonaan dhacdo dhab ah.

Waqtigaa nolosha siyaasadeed ee Khanate Crimean ee si weyn u bedelay. Sidaas oo neceb dadka Sahin Giray lagu qasbay inuu is casilo taliye wayn ka, iyo meeshii bannaan. Tani waxay caawisay Potemkin wakiilada si ay u soo sasabaya aqoonyahanada talada haya oo ka mid ah Khanate oo ka mid ah faa'iidooyinka guurka hoostiisa Maxmiyadda of Russia.

Ka dib markii this, tallaabooyin degdeg ah oo ku saabsan heshiis in qayb ka mid ah koonfur dekedda Jasiiradda ah ayaa loo sameeyey si meel raxan mustaqbalka Black Sea Fleet. Sannad ka dib, waxaa jira magaalo qalcaddayda la dhisay, Emaraadka ee Sevastopol Empress u yeedhay.

Dhaarinta daacad u Russia

Ugu dambeyntii, on June 28 (July 9), in 1783 manifesto ugu sareeya waxaa loo sameeyey dadweynaha. Sidaas daraaddeed markii ugu horeysay (la Catherine 2) Crimea ayaa goysiga si Russia ahaa dhammays ah sinnaba. The dhacdooyinka waqtiga xaadirka ah, marka arrintan vvtorichno maray in Ruushka, lagu yaqaan in ay dad badan, sidaa darteed in ay ku hoyda on, waxaan maayo. Sida markii ugu, maalinta degan Sarreeyayaal Prince Potemkin, on top of buur AK-Kaya taagan, dhaartii qaatay maaddooyinka cusub ee Her Majesty Imperial. Midkii kowaad wuxuu u dhaartay caaradda bulshada maxalliga ah iyo kuwa wadaadada ah, iyo waxa ka dambeeya horay - oo dhan lahaanshada. Illaa haatan waxaa ku hadhay taariikhi document ─ manifesto on goysiga ah Crimea inay Russia ka yar Catherine 2 photos oo waxaa lagu soo bandhigay in maqaalka.