Cheka: kelmadaha ee soo gaabiyey. The Commission caadiga ahayan, All-Ruush

Si loo fahmo xaaladda ay ku sugan arrimaha saaxadda siyaasadeed, waxaad hubaal waa in adigu baro dhacdooyinka ee la soo dhaafay oo ay bartaan taariikhda. Sida ugu xun u saameeyeen xaaladda hadda jirta ee qarnigii la soo dhaafay. Sayidka, dhacdooyinka taas oo horseeday in Abuuridda Cheka iyo naftooda tallaabooyinka ay tahay hay'ad dadwayne, waxa saamaysay siyaasadda.

warbixin guud

The Commission caadiga ahayan, All-Ruush - jirka ah gobolka ammaanka leh awood buuxda si ay u hirgeliyaan tirtiridda counter-kacaanka ee muddada xeerka Soviet, iyo sidoo kale Dagaalkii Sokeeye. Cheka waxaa la aasaasay sanadkii 1917.

Sababaha abuurka Cheka ah

Ka dib markii Kacaanka Oktoobar, maamulka bilowday Isbadal kacaanyahan ah. Tani waxay keentay in isbeddel wayn ee nolosha dadka caadiga ah, iyo dadka bilaabay inuu abaabulo kacdoon ah. Si looga fogaado dhibaatooyin, dawladaha ayaa lagu qasbay in la dhiso unug gaar ah oo burburin lahaa iska caabin ah ee xukuumadda cusub. Waxay noqday Cheka ah - Guddiga ahayan ee All-Ruush. Deciphering gaabiyay this noo ogolaadaa in si ay u fahmaan xilkooda aasaasiga ah. Hay'adda la abuuray on December 7 sida madaxa loo magacaabay F. E. Dzerzhinsky.

awoodaha

Inta lagu jiro bilaha jiritaanka of Cheka kowaad wuxuu ahaa heer aad u kooban oo amar. Guddiga wuxuu lahaa xaq u leeyahay inuu si gaar ah ula diyaar garowga baadhitaanka ka qabtaan. Laakiin ugu dhakhsaha badan ay field of tallaabo ayaa si balaariyay. Horeba February 1918, saraakiisha ammaanka heshay sharciga xaaladaha degdegga ah iyo ka la joogo in laga yaabo dhigi aargoosi ka dhan ah caasi ah oo aan maxkamad. Taasi waa u xoogga wakiilada Cheka siiyey xorriyad buuxda oo tallaabo, waxay adeegsan karaa jidhka lynching ka hor toogashada.

Sida ugu dhakhsaha badan ee suurtogalka ah tiro ka mid ah cutubyo ah ayaa loo abuuray, oo ah (gaabiyey deciphering - All-Ruush Commission ahayan) Cheka hadda waa ay awoodaan in ay meel kasta ku shaqeeyaan. Intii lagu guda jiray qeybtii hore ee 1918 ku shaqeeya 365 degmo iyo 40 Guddiyada gobolka. Wakiilada ee KGB ee shaqeeyay Army Cas, oo ku taala xuduuda gobolka, iyo xitaa ku hawlan hawlaha counterintelligence dibadda.

Hababka shaqada ee Cheka ah

Kelmadaha dhan dhibcood tallaabo of Cheka ee ka soo qalin ee hoggaamiyaha I. proletariat V. ku Lenina, kuwaas oo ma aha oo kaliya soo shaqeeyay, laakiin sidoo kale si joogto ah afka baarkiisa waayo, dhammaan qodobada. The qalab gobolka , Lenin gaar Commission meel gaar ah. "Seef ku ciqaabay kacaanka" shaqeeyey noocyo kala duwan oo ka mid ah hababka, laga bilaabo ku wareegid hantida iyo xabsi in xeryaha fiirsashada, dhamaanayey afduub-qaadashada iyo argagixisada. Intaa waxaa dheer, saraakiisha ammaanka inay ku baaqaan in gool ay dhex kaaga dhirfiyeen, hordhaca ah ee wakiilada in tiro ka mid ah ururada shisheeye iyo anti-Soviet.

Wajahadda hawl Cheka ka mid ah habab kala duwan si aad u kala duwan, laakiin wax badan oo ka mid ah waa in hab qaar ka mid ah si toos ah oo la xidhiidha argagixisada. Ciidamada ammaanka ayaa ku lug leh xakamaynta of ifbixii anti-Bolshevik, muuqooda kashifaya adeegyada sirdoonka shisheeye, bixinta gaadiidka, dagaalka ka dhanka ah hoy la'aanta iyo tiifowga. Fikradaha kacaan of Cheka ku kor laga yaabaa in publications ay.

saraakiisha ammaanka

Waxaad ma sharxi karo waxa Cheka ah, ma uusan qeexin on saraakiisha ammaanka, dadka ay ahaayeen xubno ka mid ah guddiga this. Mas'uuliyiinta ayaa bixisay dareenka badan si tiradda shaqaalaha ka jidhka this, isku dayayaan in ay kaliya soo diri u darbo fiican. F. E. Dzerzhinsky - Inta lagu jiro jiritaanka oo dhan komishanka, iyo madaxiisa mid ka mid ah xubnaha aasaasay xisbiga Bolshevik ahaa. jagooyinka kale ee lagu qabtay xubin caan ah oo ka mid ah Bolsheviks, oo sidoo kale ahaayeen kacaan xirfadeed. The ugu caansan ahaayeen J. H. Peters, M. S. Kedrov, M. S. et al Uritzky.

Number of Communists, kuwaas oo ay xubno ka ahaayeen Cheka ah, tiradaasi gaadhay 50%, waxay ahayd heerka ugu sareeya ee ka mid ah dhammaan hay'adaha dawladda. Laakiin waxaannu halkaas ku helay iyo dadka danyarta ah la soo dhaafay dembiyeed, mararka qaarkood qaba xannuunada maskaxda, kuwaas oo ay noqdaan xubno buuxa ee Cheka ah. fikradaha kelmadaha darradaas Ma ogolaan karo sida, laakin xaqiiqdaan waa dhacay, gaar ahaan guddiyada degaanka. xubnaha Cheka raaxaysan karaan awood aan xad lahayn oo aan la tixgelinayo xeerarka kasta oo sharciga iyo anshaxa.

argagixiso

Hababka in loo adeegsaday xubno ka mid ah Cheka ah, sababa badan oo anti-Soviet, carada ka mid ah dadka caadiga ah, iyo xataa intelligentsia ee Soviet, daacad u ah dowladda Bolshevik ah. Waxaas oo dhan ayaa keentay in xaqiiqda ah in guddi gaar ah, kuwaas oo hadda ahaa ku xusan xaaladaha oo dhan, waxa uu abuuray oo dhan xaaladaha barwaaqada ay cabsi iyo mass repressions, oo waxay bilaabeen in 30-ka.

lakal

Awooda Cheka ku dhex dhammaan meelaha nolosha Soviet iyo bilowgii u qaadida firfircoon ee "argagixisada cas". Sidaas darteed, tani keentay oo kaliya in ay xaqiiqada ah in falalka ururka soo gaaray dad badan oo. All this dhacay oo kaliya sababtoo ah xoogga xad lahayn of Cheka (transcript of fikradda kor ku qoran) ee. Falanqaynta dhacdooyinka ka dhacay sababtoo ah komishanka, ogolaanaysaa arko sida la buunbuuniyey ahaayeen awoodaha iyada, iyo inta dhibaato u keenay.