Cathedral ee St. Stanislaus iyo St. Vladislav, Vilnius, Lithuania

Cathedral ee St. Stanislaus iyo St. Vladislav (Vilnius, Lithuania) - ma aha oo kaliya soo jiidashada weyn dalxiiska ee magaalada, laakiin sidoo kale Church Catholic Roman ugu weyn dalka oo dhan. Waxay ku taalaa at cagta ee Hill Castle ka, on top of taas oo u taagan ee Tower of Gediminas. Booqo caasimadda ah ee Lithuania, oo mana uu arki Cathedral waa suurtogal aheyn, xitaa haddii uu booqasho kuma jirto qorshaha aad. By square cathedral yihiin dhammaan waddooyinka ee qaybta hore ee magaalada. Waa maxay cathedral si caanka ah, kuwii la ducaysan? Maxay tahay in dhab ahaan u arkaan gashid hoos ku dedan oo sharafta leh? Tani waxaa ka wada xaajoon doona in our article.

xaaladda Basilica: maxay ka dhigan tahay?

First caddeeyo su'aasha ah sababta Cathedral ee St. Stanislaus iyo St. Vladislav waa muhiim sida oo dhan of Vilnius iyo Lithuania ee Mu'miniinta. Tan iyo 1922, macbudkii waxaa ka siiyey xaaladda Basilica. Eraygii waa ka soo jeeda Giriigga ah ee "basileus" -imperator boqorka. horyaalka ee abaalmarinta macbudyo Basilica Pope in ay xoogga saaraan feature kaniisadda. Oo erayga "cathedral" macnaheedu waa in kaniisadda - magaalada ugu weyn.

Waa maxay sidaa gaar ah ee Cathedral ee St. Stanislav iyo Vladislav in uu qoondeeyey sida darajo sare? Marka hore, waa ugu da'da weyn ee dalka. Second, waxaa jiray dabaaldega oo ka mid ah ciqaab of Great Lithuania. Saddexaad, in crypt kaniisadda waxaa lagu aasay amiirradii caan ah, hoggaamiyayaasha kiniisadda iyo kuwii gobta ahaa. Oo Mar afraadka, waxaa weli ka go'an dhammaan adeegyada kaniisadda ugu muhiimsan iyo dabaaldegyada dadweynaha. Sidaas ma in Cathedral ee Vilnius tago inaysan cadaalad aheyn isaga.

History of dhismaha

Beri baa ah meeshan waxaa ku yaalla macbud jaahilka. In sharaf of ilaaha reer habeen iyo maalinba Thunder hillaac yiil dab meesha allabariga. dhagaxan ahaa ee godad ka mid ah macbudka ka heleen by qadiimiga ah xad dhawaan, waqtigan waxaa la kulmin. Bilowga ee qarnigii saddex iyo tobnaad, King Lithuanian ku Mindaugas (waxaa boqor ka 1.223) doonayay in ay askareeyaan Livonians taageerada military ee ugu awoodda badan wakhtigaas in Europe Knights ah, sidaasi darteed waxa uu noqday Christian a. Ugu site macbudka jaahilka ah Perun uu kiniisadda dhisay (ineey ee 50s ee qarnigii 13aad). Laakiin ka dib amiirka in uu diinta hore ku soo laabtay. Kaniisadda la burburiyay, iyo in ay meel ka taagay meel macbudka ku Perkunas Thunderer ah.

Ugu dambeyntii, ee 1387 waxaa la dambeyntii nimo kiristaanka ee dalka. Laga soo bilaabo ka dibna caasimada Poland in Krakow ay u Vilnius Korol Yagaylo, kuwaas oo ahaa wakhtigaas, iyo Grand Duke of Lithuania yimid, wuxuu ahaa shakhsi joogo burburinta macbudka jaahilka ah. In ay meel King qudhiisu horta dhagax of Church Catholic dhigay. Sidaas Cathedral ee St. Stanislaus la dhisay. Waxaa la dhisay qaab Gothic leh oo ay derbiyo qaro weyn oo buttresses. cathedral Tani taagnaa ilaa 1419.

macbudka ah ee Metamorphosis

From Gothic inay macbudka casriga hadhay oo kaliya jajabkii oo keliya. Cathedral si joogta ah gubay (ee 1399 iyo 1419 siday u kala horreeyaan, iyo sidoo kale dhowr jeer inta lagu jiro qarnigii lix). Tan iyo macbudka waxa uu ku yaalaa on saarney a Hidiya ayaa ka soo gelin webiga Neris (Vilija magaca labaad), inta badan inuu yahay dhibane u ahaa daadadka. Laakiin Cathedral ee St. Stanislaus joogto dhiso, oo muwaadiniinta u noqdaan qaar badan oo ka qurux badan. Gaar ahaan wax badan oo lacag-u-dejinta ee kaniisadda ugu deeqay Lithuanian Grand Duke Vytautas iyo xaaskiisa Anna Svyatoslavovna.

cathedral ayaa lagu dhisay qaab Renaissance ah. Si arrintan loo sameeyo, ka Italy Korol Sigizmund Augustus qoray a injineero sayidkiisa - Bernardo Zanobbi haa Gianotti, iyo ka dib Dzhovanni Chini ee Siena. Laakiin guulaha weyn ee dhagaxa ah ma gaarin our time. dab A ee 1610 halaagnay Abuuridda sayid Renaissance. dib u soo celinta ee cathedral ahaa Injineerka ku hawlan Vilgelm Pol. guulaha uu Halaagnay ciidamada dalka Ruushka, kaas oo 1655 lagu qabtay magaalada iyo in ay salka macbudka baroque bililiqeystey. Waxa uu dhameystirtay burburinta ciidanka Swedish.

Sida dhismaha ayaa helay eegno casri ah

In 1769, Vilnius xaaqan badan duufaan aan horay loo arag. By dabaylo wayn burburay munaaraddii koonfurta macbudka, aaseen burburka lix sheekh. musiibada Tani waxay keentay in muwaadiniinta in ay aaminsan yihiin in baahida loo qabo in si weyn u dhiska Cathedral ee St. Stanislaus.

Dhismaha dhismo cusub oo ku saabsan arkaynin Guryohoodii mooyee jir ah by dhise Lithuanian caanka Lourinas Gucevičius faray. Wuxuuna naftiisa ka kasay mashruuc han - in la isu geeyo galay galidoonaan hal naqshadda dhismayaasha style ka duwan: macbudka ugu weyn ee (Gothic), goobta cibaadaysiga of St. Casimir (baroque), chapels kale (Renaissance). Isla mar ahaantaana, naqshadeeyaha ugu doonayay inay macbudka ku kulmi ruuxa Zaman casriga ah. Oo wakhtigaas waxaa heysatay by classicism. Sida dhise way uuraysatay, cathedral ee loo moodayay in ay u eg macbudka Giriigga ee hore. Eeg Caruurtooda Gucevičius ma loo baahan yahay. Laakiin uu dhintay ka dib shaqo la sii by injineero kale, sida uu yahay qorshaha.

xilligii Soviet

In 1922, Pope Benedict siinay xaaladda Second Vilnius Cathedral Basilica. Xitaa intii lagu jiray dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka ayaa lagu qabtay cibaadada macbudka. Laakiin maamulka Soviet ka dib markii badhkood of Lithuania tixgeliyo Cathedral ee St. Stanislaus anti-Soviet. Kaniisadda ahaa xiran iyo bakhaar jeestay. In 1950, waxaa la saaray saqafka sare ee cathedral iyo halaagnay Sidaana quduusiinta. Body yimid xaalad xun. Arjiyada muwaadiniinta ee 1956, Vilnius Picture Gallery waxaa lagu qotomiyey cathedral hore. Hay'adda bogsatay iyo tan iyo 1963 on Sunday macbudka bilaabay inuu marti riwaayada.

Tan iyo 1980, waxaan bilaabay hawlgal baaxad weyn si ay u badbaadiyaan frescoes gaar ah. Waxay qaadatay muddo toban sanadood ah. In 1989 kaniisadda waxaa lagu wareejiyey in ka Church Catholic Roman. Waxay ahaayeen xaliyaan arrimaha hantida la. Sidaas matxafka derbiyada macbudka dhexdiisa aan ku hadhay. Hadda waxa uu ku yaalaa crypt ah (basement) of katedraalka.

Dibadda iyo gudaha

Aamino dhismaha waa tusaale Ra'iisul qaab classical. Waxaa la qurxiyey tiirar iyo Sidaana waxa on Masaarida ka sawirrada St. Stanislaus, Kazimir iyo Elena leydin. In niches aad ka arki kartaa farshaxan oo ka mid ah afar wacdiyayaal.

Cathedral ee St. Stanislaus (Vilnius) sida quruxda badan gudaha sida ka baxsan. Qaar ka mid ah konton frescos iyo farshaxankiisa 16-19 qarniyo soo jiidaan derbiyada. Maxay waa in aad fiiro gaar ah, sababtoo ah waa goobta cibaadaysiga of St. Casimir. Waxaa la dhisay qarnigii hore toddoba iyo amarka of King Sigismund III Vasa.

Dhismaha waxaa loo keenay dhise Talyaani K. Tensallo iyo sidoo kale qalab dhisme loo isticmaalo sandstone Swedish iyo marmar Alifana ka Apennines iyo Carpathians ah. In crypt ee cathedral ku yaal xabaashii, taas oo ah been ciqaab badan, oo ay ku jiraan laba boqorado, xaaskiisa hore ee Sigismund Augustus. Tani Elizabeth Habsburg iyo dumarka quruxda badan ee iyada waqti Barbora Radziwill. Sidoo kale in derbiyadii macbudka been qalbiga King Vasa.

Cathedral ee St. Stanislaus (Vilnius) cinwaankaaga iyo macluumaad kale oo faa'iido leh

Raadi Macbudkan waa mid fudud. Waxay ku taalaa wadnaha ee magaalada, Square Cathedral ah, 1. Baro sida si fudud by anigoo goor dhow ilaa munaaraddii kor ah dawan jir. kaniisadda u furan yahay maalin kasta, ee toddoba subaxdii ilaa 19 saacadood. View gudaha ay noqon kartaa in isla muddadaas, haddii aan ku qaadeen mass. Saacadaha cibaadada ku xiran maalmood usbuucii iyo ciidaha diiniga ah.

Cathedral ee St. Stanislaus (Lithuania) Poles sharaf gaar ah oo halkan u yimid inuu soo caabudo dambas ah boqorro waaweyn. Kharashka galo crypt (oo ku saabsan 4 euros). Waxa intaa dheer in xabaashii macbudka godka waa matxaf taariikhda. Waxaa waxaad ka arki kartaa jajabkii ka cududdii cathedrals hore iyo meelihii jaahilka.